lsat-4-17
Teacher: Journalists who conceal the identity of the sources they quote stake their professional reputations on what may be called the logic of anecdotes. This is so because the statements reported by such journalists are dissociated from the precise circumstances in which they were made and thus will be accepted for publication only if the statements are high in plausibility or originality or interest to a given audience – precisely the properties of a good anecdote.
Student: But what you are saying, then, is that the journalist need not bother with sources in the first place. Surely, any reasonably resourceful journalist can invent plausible, original. or interesting stories faster than they can be obtained from unidentified sources.
17. The student's response contains which one of the following reasoning flaws?
(A) confusing a marginal journalistic practice with the primary work done by journalists
(B) ignoring the possibility that the teacher regards as a prerequisite for the publication of an unattributed statement that the statement have actually been made
(C) confusing the characteristics of reported statements with the characteristics of the situations in which the statements were made
(D) judging the merits of the teacher's position solely by the most extreme case to which the position applies
(E) falsely concluding that if three criteria, met jointly, assure an outcome, then each criterion, met individually, also assures that outcome
lsat12-2-23. A group of scientists studying calcium metabolism in laboratory rats discovered that removing the rats' parathyroid glands resulted in the rats' having substantially lower than normal levels of calcium in their blood. This discovery led the scientists to hypothesize that the function of the parathyroid gland is to regulate the level of calcium in the blood by raising that level when it falls below the normal range. In a further experiment, the scientists removed not only the parathyroid gland but also the adrenal gland from rats. They made the surprising discovery that the level of calcium in the rats' blood decreased much less sharply than when the parathyroid gland alone was removed.
Which one of the following, if true, explains the surprising discovery in a way most consistent with the scientists’ hypothesis?
{A) The adrenal gland acts to lower the level of calcium in the blood.
(B) The adrenal gland and the parathyroid gland play the same role in regulating calcium blood levels.
(C) The absence of a parathyroid gland causes the adrenal gland to increase the level of calcium in the blood.
(D) lf the adrenal gland, and no other gland, of a rat were removed, the rat's calcium level would remain stable.
A recent report on an environmental improvement program was criticized for focusing solely on pragmatic solutions to the large number of significant problems that plague the program instead of seriously trying to produce a coherent vision for the future of the program. In response the report's authors granted that the critics had raised a valid point but explained that, to do anything at all, the program needed continued government funding, and that to get such funding the program first needed to regain a reputation for competence.
20. The basic position taken by the report's authors on the criticism leveled against the report is that
(A) addressing the critics' concern now would be premature
(B) the critics' motives are self-serving
(C) the notion of a coherent vision would be inappropriate to a program of the sort at issue
(D) the authors of the report are more knowledgeable than its critics
(E) giving the report a single focus is less desirable than the critics claim
i suggest you post these questions separatly.
for your first question:
there is a conditional statement in the teacher's argument:the statement reported by the journalists would be accepted only if the statement are high in plausibility...
the student responded to the statement by saying that the journalist need not bother with sources in the first place, and the journalist can simply create news.
the teacher indicates that plausibility is the necessary condition for a statement to be reported and be taken as a good anecdote. However, the odds is that that is one of a few necessary conditions. so Choice B points out that there is another possibility, which the studetns ignores, since the student says that ok, to sound plausible is ok.
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