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标题: 求教比较结构的省略原则问题(急!!!) [打印本页]

作者: mudfish    时间: 2005-5-24 00:39
标题: 求教比较结构的省略原则问题(急!!!)

今天看到GMAT语法全解(白勇)中提到 as 或than引导的比较从句省略原则:


1、比较从句谓语与主句谓语相同,可用do, did, does代替。


2、比较从句的主语和谓语与主句的主语和谓语相同时,可以全部省去,常常保留作状语的的介词短语或状语从句。


3、比较从句的主语与主句主语相同,可以省略。


。。。。。


书中举了一个例子,我有些想不明白:


Salt deposits and moisture threaten to destroy the Mohenjo-Daro excavation in Pakistan, the site of an ancient civilization that flourished at the same time as the civilizations in the Nile delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.


(A) that flourished at the same time as the civilizations


(B) that had flourished at the same time as had the civilizations


(C) that flourished at the same time as those had


(D) flourishing at the same time as those did


(E) flourishing at the same time as those were


答案:A


对于A :an ancient civilization that flourished at the same time as the civilizations 中的as 后面显然只有名词the civilizations 而缺少比较从句谓语动词。根据比较从句省略原则,比较从句后的谓语动词与前面的谓语动词一致(flourished),应该用did替代,即:that flourished at the same time as the civilizations did,可是选项(A)显然把动词都给省略了。


请问:比较从句谓语与主句谓语相同,不但可用do, did, does代替,也可以省略吗?我似乎没有看到过类似的解释。


我实在是有点晕了,请nn帮助分析一下我到底哪里理解错误了呢?


唉!下周就考了,还这么晕。


作者: rakesun    时间: 2005-5-24 00:52

有个XD写的《比较之庖丁解牛》说的相当清晰,MM可以找来看看。


这里我理解,因为动词后面没有宾语,将动词省略不会造成比较上的歧义,所以这里就省了。


作者: mudfish    时间: 2005-5-24 03:09
以下是引用rakesun在2005-5-24 0:52:00的发言:

有个XD写的《比较之庖丁解牛》说的相当清晰,MM可以找来看看。


这里我理解,因为动词后面没有宾语,将动词省略不会造成比较上的歧义,所以这里就省了。


那是否类似结构都可以这样处理呢?如果答案中既给了这种省略形式,又给了没有省略谓语动词的形式,哪个更好一些呢?



另外请问俺在哪里能找到《比较之庖丁解牛》,刚在CD里搜了一下没有搜到啊。


谢谢啦


[此贴子已经被作者于2005-5-24 3:15:01编辑过]

作者: rt316    时间: 2005-5-24 04:30

比较省略的原则是:在没有歧异的前提下,能省则省。


你那个例子中civilization的比较是十分清楚的,所以did就没有必要出现,因为这不影响句子的意思,当然,出现也不错。


再举一个例子:I like this plant more than you.如果作者想表达‘我比你更喜欢植物’这种意思,这句话就可能会引起歧异,因为读者可以把这句话理解为‘我对植物的喜欢超过了对你的喜欢’。所以,为了表达的明确,句子改为I like this plant more than you do.就可以了。


作者: mudfish    时间: 2005-5-24 05:36
有理有理,俺再琢磨琢磨。谢谢
作者: rakesun    时间: 2005-5-24 09:41

楼主,我把比较之庖丁解牛给你贴在下面了,希望有帮助.


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比较之庖丁解牛


刚考完GMAT,VABAL44,受惠于CD很久,也希望对后人能栽点树,我想就我对比较的认识写点东西。我把OG上所有的比较都总结了一下,发现ETS结比较是有家规的,看似花样百出,实际是有章可循的,看下题
OG19
请大家分析以下比较在ETS看的含义
Rice has protein of higher quality than wheta does.(主语比较,Rice 与wheat比)
意义:米有高质蛋白质,麦没有。
Rice has protein of higher quality than of lower quality(介宾比较,of higher 与 of lower比)
意义:米有高质蛋白质而非低质蛋白质
Rice has protein of higher quality than that in wheat(宾语比较,protein 与protein(that指代)比
Rice has protein of higher quality than sugur.(宾语比较,protein 与sugar比)
意义:米中的蛋白质比麦中蛋白质质量高
意义:米中的高质蛋白质比糖多。
Rice has protein of higher quality than usual/everbfore/1000 years ago/people expected(状语比较)
意义:米比通常/经往/多年前/人们预测/的蛋白质质量要高。
下面我们谈比较之庖丁解牛


对主谓宾全的句型
主语比较:  A do sth  than B do.(AB为对等名词,加do是为了显示这是一个可以发出动作的名词,因而确定是主语,进而确定是主语对比)
介宾比较 A do sth of C1 by D1 than of C2 by D2.(C1C2,D1D2对等名词)
宾语比较 A do C1 than C2.(C1C2为对等名词)
状语比较A do sth than usual/everbefore/people expected(直接加状语)
ETS就这几下子,原则就是清楚地指示什么跟什么比。


按照这个原理,对下一种句型只有主谓,没有宾语的句子,因为没有宾语,只可能有主语比较,因而不需要重复do来确认这是一个可发出动作的主语,所以其比较形式如下:
I eat faster than you.注意与下句区别
I eat apple faster than you do如果写成 I eat apple faster than you 按ETS的理解,从语法上就变成我吃苹果比吃你快,成了宾语比较。逻辑上显然不通。


AS族的比较大同小异,as 可单独引导比较,也可以复合成as many as, as hard as 等形式,但ETS宗旨不变,如
Sand road costs twice as many to build as to manintain(类似于介宾比较)
Sand road costs twice as many to build as stone road do(主语比较,)
Sand road costs the govement twice as many to build as the residents.(宾语比较)
ETS考过AS比较的习惯用法(不受上述限制,如下)
AS poor as they are, they can ont afford a car.
They have 800million students, as many as have enrolled in our school.
(注意以上都是用逗号隔开的句子,AS在这里的作用更类似连词,连接一个主句和一个从句)


注意AS有时不表比较的如as you word hard, you will pass the exam.表原因了。


There be 句型等同于一般的主谓宾俱全的句型
OG89
There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as there were four years ago(主语比较)
There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American  four time as many as  DVD player(宾语比较)
There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as  for school teachers.(介宾比交)
There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as  in china(介宾比较)


以上的钢领代入EST的OG几乎都成立,在我这次实战中也成立,但GWD中有一题是例外的,也就是说并没有放之四海而皆准的真理,清楚,简洁,合理才是ETS的最高宗旨。



作者: mudfish    时间: 2005-5-24 23:05
以下是引用rakesun在2005-5-24 9:41:00的发言:

楼主,我把比较之庖丁解牛给你贴在下面了,希望有帮助.




在临考前收到这样一份大礼,真是让又,又


万分感谢


作者: wangq0610    时间: 2005-5-24 23:34
简直是太感谢了。的确是考前的大礼!




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