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标题: 非常非常纠结的逗号+ing,总算有了点眉目啊！！~ [打印本页]
作者: lizzykin 时间: 2015-7-21 11:03
标题: 非常非常纠结的逗号+ing,总算有了点眉目啊！！~
当现在分词在句尾且前有逗号时,修饰邻近句子的主语,做主语的伴随状语或做句子的伴随结果。因此不能用句尾现在分词修饰前面句尾的名词. 如果要修饰句尾的名词，不能用现在分词修饰，因为会造成分词修饰前一句主语的歧义；而应该用定语从句修饰句末的名词。但是，也存在例外，including x 则是相当于一个介词短语用来修饰前面的名词而非前面句子的主语。
Ron的解释-comma+participle
this sort of modifier should actually satisfy TWO requirements:
1) it should apply most nearly to the subject of the preceding clause (as you've said); and, even more importantly,
2) it should have one of the following RELATIONSHIPS to that clause:
* immediate consequence
* simultaneous, but lower-priority, action
一、表伴随状语时：（simultaneous, but lower-priority, action）
**分词的逻辑主语为句子的主语
**两个动作同时发生
如果产生了时间断层，绝对不可能伴随动作，因为需要同时发生，如果一个时态是过去时，一个是现在时（now），不能使用现在分词形式表伴随。（出现过去和现在的情况，重点肯定是在现在的情况上）
**ing的动作和主句动作之间有关系，ing的动作修饰主句的动作
Among lower-paid workers, union members are less likely than nonunion members to be enrolled in lower-end insurance plans that impose stricter limits on medical services and require doctors to see more patients, spending less time with each.
Plans的作用是impose and require，对医疗服务有严格的要求，要求医生看更多的病人、在每个病人身上花更少的时间，spending修饰的是see这个动作，表示医生如何看更多的病人，通过每个花更少的时间，这里说明逗号加Ing形式不一定是要修饰大主句的主语和动作（在这里是unnion members）也可以修饰最近的主语加动作（在这里是doctors see）
Carefully coordinating them with her narratives, Beatrix Potter capitalized on her keen observation and love of the natural world. 这样的句子也是错误的，表示伴随不是只要同时发生即可的，而是需要两者之间是有关系的，ing形式修饰动词是如何发生的，在这里，整合叙述和利用其对大自然的热爱没有任何关系，所以不应该用Ing形式表示伴随
如果前面的主句是主系表结构，那么后面的逗号+ing形式则不能够表示伴随作状语修饰，因为前面没有动词给他修饰（这是一般情况，也有例外）
Though called a sea, the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, covering more than four times the surface area of its closest rival in size, North America's Lake Superior.这里的covering表示伴随，说明C是怎么大的，逻辑主语就是C，说明即使前面不是主谓宾结构，后面也可以表示伴随，关键是要看语意上是不是同时发生，ing形式修饰前面的句子，做补充说明
二、表伴随结果时：（immediate consequence）
修饰的是前面的一整句话，但是分词还是需要和主句的主语make sense,因为作为一个动作，分词也需要一个动作的发出者
I dropped the bags onto the floor, scaring the dogs.
––> i didn't directly scare the dogs. rather, my dropping the bags scared the dogs.
here's the key question: if you had to assign responsibility for the __ing to someone/something, then to what/whom would you assign it?
that should be the subject.
in the example above, the responsibility would be most directly placed on me, so "I" is the subject.
in your 2nd example>
Crime has recently decreased in our neighborhood, leading to a rise in property prices.
if you have to assign responsibility/causality to a THING, then that thing is ... crime, which caused the rise in property values by decreasing.
所以，现在分词的动作和主语make sense并不是说要主语就要是动作的发出者，而是主语要对现在分词的这个结果负责。我要对吓到狗狗负责，犯罪要对财产价值的上升负责（通过下降），因为是犯罪的改变导致的财产价值的上升。
错误句子：
At some point in the past our ancestors suffered an event, greatly reducing their numbers.
错误的原因：应该是event要为人类数量的减少负责，而并非是祖先，所以不能用ancestors做主语。
求指正！！~
作者: zbyloveinter 时间: 2015-7-22 04:06
15. comma + V-ing做结果状语的二三解释
Ron: It modifies the entire action of the preceding clause, and it applies to the subject of that clause.
V-ing修饰整个动作，同时也与句子主语相匹配。
eg. The snow lasted a week, resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area. （正确）
In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals, ranking third of all the competing countries. （正确）
At some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event, greatly reducing their numbers. （可能不正确，reducing和主句的主语不搭）
The window was broken by Joe, angering his father. （不正确）
更新：
OG13-115错误选项：Even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil field of large sea areas under provisions of the new maritime code, already stimulating international disputes over uninhabited islands. （不正确）
comma + V-ing做结果状语，但是与主句主语不搭，错误！
更新：
Ron:
the "comma + ing" modifier should only be used when:
(A)
it MODIFIES THE ENTIRE ACTION of the preceding clause, and it APPLIES TO THE SUBJECT of that clause;
AND
(B)
one of the following is true:
(1) the "ing" action is SIMULTANEOUS with the main action;
- i ran down the sidewalk, flapping my arms wildly
(2) the "ing" action is a DIRECT CONSEQUENCE of the main action.
- i got a 100 on the most recent exam, bringing my average up to 91
other examples:
Joe ran down the sidewalk, flailing his arms.
--> correct (simultaneous)
My cousin took extra classes every semester in college, graduating in three years.
--> correct, because the "ing" is an actual consequence of the first action.
My cousin ate frozen food every day in college, graduating in three years.
--> incorrect, because there is no relationship (in particular, the second thing is not a consequence of the first thing, and isn't simultaneous either).
作者: zbyloveinter 时间: 2015-7-22 04:06
LS是我搜集和总结的
LZ看看是不是和你的观点一致
作者: lizzykin 时间: 2015-7-22 09:33
zbyloveinter 发表于 2015-7-22 04:06 
LS是我搜集和总结的
LZ看看是不是和你的观点一致
是一致的~就是这句话 At some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event, greatly reducing their numbers. 确定是错的，我在RON的解释里面看到了，因为ancestors做后面现在分词的逻辑主语不合理，这里应该是用定语从句修饰event~
作者: 小青不是一条蛇 时间: 2015-9-22 09:37
楼主，He walked into the classroom, seeing his teacher. 这样的句子对不对呀？
作者: lizzykin 时间: 2015-9-22 12:35
逻辑主语上来看是He，但是我总感觉这个句子怪怪的><，感觉walk和see应该是有先后的动作不？and连接两个动词是不是更好一点呀
作者: 小青不是一条蛇 时间: 2015-9-22 21:07
我问了一个外国朋友，人家和我讲这样不对。。理由是这样造成歧义，动作发出者一般是就近原则。但是我感觉如果用ron的方法又好像是说的通的。不过这句句子我自己编的，所以我自己也吃不准。
作者: emmachen8021 时间: 2016-5-29 22:02
see his teacher 感觉有歧义
作者: Violet1993 时间: 2016-9-30 16:53
歧义可能是seeing在这里是表达 看着他的老师 还是 看到了他的老师。如果是说看着他的老师，用watching更好，因为see据说是个瞬时动词，而如果表达看到，更好一点用noticing吧
作者: GMAT要上700 时间: 2017-6-26 14:26
简直不能太赞了
作者: Aruzaaaa 时间: 2017-8-15 11:39
啊啊啊感谢LZ~~目前为止看到最清楚的解释了！
作者: 妮拽拽 时间: 2017-9-6 11:15
请问lz 您的帖子中的这个
“Among lower-paid workers, union members are less likely than nonunion members to be enrolled in lower-end insurance plans that impose stricter limits on medical services and require doctors to see more patients, spending less time with each.
Plans的作用是impose and require，对医疗服务有严格的要求，要求医生看更多的病人、在每个病人身上花更少的时间，spending修饰的是see这个动作，表示医生如何看更多的病人，通过每个花更少的时间，这里说明逗号加Ing形式不一定是要修饰大主句的主语和动作（在这里是unnion members）也可以修饰最近的主语加动作（在这里是doctors see）”
和这个
“因此不能用句尾现在分词修饰前面句尾的名词. 如果要修饰句尾的名词，不能用现在分词修饰，因为会造成分词修饰前一句主语的歧义；”
感觉有点不太理解为什么又可以又不可以呢？
谢谢！
作者: Lynn07 时间: 2017-10-7 18:23
Among lower-paid workers, union members are less likely than nonunion members to be enrolled in lower-end insurance plans that impose stricter limits on medical services and require doctors to see more patients, spending less time with each.
请问这句话是对的吧？？
作者: 聪明蛋 时间: 2017-10-21 11:39
关于做结果状语那里我有个问题诶，
685. Especially in the early years, new entrepreneurs may need to find resourceful ways, like renting temporary office space or using answering services, that make their company seem large and more firmly established than they may actually be.
A．that make their company seem large 分析该选项
B．to make their companies seem larger 分析该选项
C．thus making their companies seem larger 分析该选项
D．so that the companies seem larger 分析该选项
E．of making their company seem large 分析该选项
C选项 DUKE24的解释是 new entrepreneur与making的搭配不合理，但是如果根据这个主语能不能对结果负责的话，应该是可以的吧，是因为entrepreneur去找了新的resource ways才使得公司发生了这些变化，为什么C不对呢
作者: lllllrt 时间: 2017-10-30 09:59
感谢楼主~！！！
作者: 清纯男大学生 时间: 2017-10-31 14:43
谢谢楼主～～～求问楼主，Among lower paid workers 那句话，spending 为什么修饰的是see不是require doctors to see中的doctors？
作者: 云尽 时间: 2017-11-1 23:43
顶楼主！
作者: shanelavigne 时间: 2017-11-2 13:03
，+ing表示动作同时发生的前提是逻辑主语和主语是一致的
作者: 啊喂我是蚊子 时间: 2018-5-9 21:34
作者: 木木质 时间: 2018-7-13 17:12
Mark一下！
作者: YUNLN 时间: 2018-7-17 09:52
豁然开朗的感觉
作者: YUNLN 时间: 2018-7-17 09:53
感谢分享！
作者: 花椒菲 时间: 2018-8-8 20:03
感谢分享！
作者: linjiayi 时间: 2018-8-23 17:42
感谢楼主！！！
作者: kluivert 时间: 2018-8-24 08:23
总结的很赞啊我觉得最好的提高方式就是来这里尝试解答题。。逼着自己去查资料学习。。。活学活用
作者: jojoforever 时间: 2018-9-19 22:08
这个结果ing还是有问题呢？？？？举个OG例子，正确答案：In the mid-1970's, birds overcome by pollution routinely fell from the sky above Los Angeles freeways, prompting officials in California to devise a plan to reduce automobile emissions.（birds发不出prompting的动作呀，，，，，）
作者: 杰西卡会考700 时间: 2019-9-14 15:43
谢谢楼主！！！越做越混乱，看到楼主的这个总结感觉清晰了一些。
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