Questions 30-39
Native Americans probably arrived from Asia in successive waves over several
millennia, crossing a plain hundreds of miles wide that now lies inundated by 160 feet
of water released by melting glaciers. For several periods of time, the first beginning
around 60,000 B.C. and the last ending around 7,000 B.C., this land bridge was open. The
(5 )first people traveled in the dusty trails of the animals they hunted. They brought with them
not only their families, weapons, and tools but also a broad metaphysical understanding,
sprung from dreams and visions and articulated in myth and song, which complemented
their scientific and historical knowledge of the lives of animals and of people. All this they
shaped in a variety of languages, bringing into being oral literatures of power and beauty.
(10) Contemporary readers, forgetting the origins of western epic, lyric, and dramatic
forms, are easily disposed to think of “literature” only as something written. But on
reflection it becomes clear that the more critically useful as well as the more frequently
employed sense of the term concerns the artfulness of the verbal creation, not its mode of
presentation. Ultimately, literature is aesthetically valued, regardless of language, culture,
(15)or mode of presentation, because some significant verbal achievement results from the
struggle in words between tradition and talent. Verbal art has the ability to shape out a
compelling inner vision in some skillfully crafted public verbal form.
Of course, the differences between the written and oral modes of expression are not
without consequences for an understanding of Native American literature. The essential
(20)difference is that a speech event is an evolving communication, an “emergent form,” the
shape, functions, and aesthetic values of which become more clearly realized over the
course of the performance. In performing verbal art , the performer assumes responsibility
for the manner as well as the content of the performance, while the audience assumes the
responsibility for evaluating the performer’s competence in both areas. It is this intense
(25)mutual engagement that elicits the display of skill and shapes the emerging performance.
Where written literature provides us with a tradition of texts, oral literature offers a
tradition of performances.
35. What can be inferred about the nature of the Native American literature discussed in the
passage?
(A) It reflects historical and contemporary life in Asia.
(B) Its main focus is on daily activities.
(C) It is based primarily on scientific knowledge.
(D) It is reshaped each time it is experienced.
37. Which of the following is NOT true of the Native American literature discussed in the
passage?
(A) It involves acting.
(B) It has ancient origins.
(C) It has a set form.
(D) It expresses an inner vision.
大家看一下答案是什么，原文的定位在哪里？谢谢！(刚才写错了，不好意思)
这是03年8月的题嘛？
觉得35可能是B。从这个里面大致可以推断：They brought with them
not only their families, weapons, and tools but also a broad metaphysical understanding,
sprung from dreams and visions and articulated in myth and song, which complemented
their scientific and historical knowledge of the lives of animals and of people。
觉得A中间的comtemporary不对，C中间scientific不完整，还有historical， metaphysical understanding。D中是觉得everytime也不妥。
觉得37应该是A。文章中没有提到ACTING。
大家讨论讨论。
感觉比较难。。
35选D，“The essential(20)difference is that a speech event is an evolving communication,an “emergent form,” ”
其中evolving和emergent都能说明是随时变化的，突然发生变化的，所以选reshaped
37选C，道理其实是一样的，没有一个固定的form
今天下午我页做的这个题！
susan mm的分析的挺合理的。。
谢谢,我觉着这两个题目的关键在于明白,最后一段说的oral expression其实说的就是Native American literature,但是在其中有一个句子很困惑,就是"Of course, the differences between the written and oral modes of expression are not
without consequences for an understanding of Native American literature",是不是可以理解成"两者的区别与对Native American literature理解的结论不无关系", are not without实在有点困惑.
另外，The essential
(20)difference is that a speech event is an evolving communication, an “emergent form,” the
shape, functions, and aesthetic values of which become more clearly realized over the
course of the performance.
说明的是"一个不断发展的沟通方式",并且在"形体，功能和美学价值在表现的过程中逐步清晰", 用reshape形容似乎有点牵强, 看来只有把reshape理解成"改造"才好理解一些.
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