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标题: gwd-1-Q9 to Q12 wangyu gg你在吗 [打印本页]
作者: leslie123456789    时间: 2005-5-9 12:11
标题: gwd-1-Q9 to Q12 wangyu gg你在吗

Over the last 150 years, large



       stretches of salmon habitat have


       been eliminated by human activity:


Line       mining, livestock grazing, timber


  (5)      harvesting, and agriculture as well


as recreational and urban devel-


opment.  S的居住地遭人类活动的破坏



The numerical effect is


obvious:  there are fewer salmon


in degraded regions than in pris-


(10)      tine ones; however, habitat loss


also has the potential to reduce


genetic diversity.  虽然很少生长在退化的地区，但是   生活地方的减少有明显的影响导致genetic diversity减少



This is most


evident in cases where it results


in the extinction of entire salmon


(15)      populations.  genetic diversity导致的最明显后果



Indeed, most


analysts believe that some kind


of environmental degradation


underlies the demise of many


extinct salmon populations. 环境退化构成salmon灭绝的基础



(20)      Although some rivers have


       been recolonized, the unique


       genes of the original populations


have been lost.  虽然环境有改善，但原始基因遗失



      Large-scale disturbances in


(25)      one locale also have the potential


to alter the genetic structure of


populations in neighboring areas,


even if those areas have pristine


habitats. 在某一地区大规模的骚动也会改变基因结构



Why?  Although the


(30)      homing instinct of salmon to their


natal stream is strong, a fraction


of the fish returning from the sea


       (rarely more than 15 percent)


stray and spawn in nearby


(35)    streams. 解释原因



Low levels of straying


are crucial, since the process


provides a source of novel


genes and a mechanism


      by which a location can be


(40)     repopulated should the fish


there disappear.  



Yet high rates


of straying can be problematic(-)



because misdirected fish may


interbreed with the existing stock


(45)      to such a degree that any local


adaptations that are present


become diluted.  少量没关系 大量就很有问题了



Straying


rates remain relatively low when


environmental conditions are


(50)      stable, but can increase dramati-


cally when streams suffer severe


disturbance.  disturbance 会引起大量的迷路



The 1980 volcanic


eruption of Mount Saint Helens,


for example, sent mud and debris


(55)      into several tributaries of the


Columbia River.  For the next


couple of years, steelhead trout


(a species included among the


salmonids) returning from the


(60)      sea to spawn were forced to


find alternative streams.  As



a consequence, their rates of


straying, initially 16 percent,


rose to more than 40 percent


(65)      overall.                                           举例，火山爆发引起的disturbance



      Although no one has quantified


changes in the rate of straying


as a result of the disturbances


caused by humans, there is no


(70)      reason to suspect that the effect


would be qualitatively different


than what was seen in the


aftermath of the laceType w:st="on">MountlaceType> laceName w:st="on">SaintlaceName>


Helens eruption.  人类的影响同样巨大



Such a dra-


(75)      matic increase in straying from


damaged areas to more pristine


streams results in substantial


gene flow, which can in turn lower


the overall fitness of subsequent


generations.    后果


L11和L25都用了also表示并列，但是我看了好久都看不懂他们分别和哪一部分的内容并列。


[此贴子已经被作者于2005-5-9 12:11:56编辑过]
作者: wangyu73cn    时间: 2005-5-9 18:00

The numerical effect is obvious:  there are fewer salmon in degraded regions than in pris(10)      tine ones; however, habitat loss also has the potential to reduce genetic diversity.  
数量方面的效果是明显的：较少的salmon在环境退化地区。但是(不仅仅在数量方面如此)，生存环境的减少有可能导致genetic diversity的减少。



Large-scale disturbances in one locale also have the potential to alter the genetic structure of populations in neighboring areas, even if those areas have pristine habitats.
在某一地区大规模的扰动，(不仅仅影响该地区的salmon物种的基因结构，)也会改变邻近地区的salmon物种的基因结构。






[此贴子已经被作者于2005-5-9 18:06:31编辑过]
作者: leslie123456789    时间: 2005-5-10 12:34

谢谢gg 阅读能力真强的说

自愧远远比不上你

作者: swlfx    时间: 2005-7-18 17:41
以下是引用wangyu73cn在2005-5-9 18:00:00的发言：

The numerical effect is obvious:  there are fewer salmon in degraded regions than in pris(10)      tine ones; however, habitat loss also has the potential to reduce genetic diversity.  
数量方面的效果是明显的：较少的salmon在环境退化地区。但是(不仅仅在数量方面如此)，生存环境的减少有可能导致genetic diversity的减少。


Large-scale disturbances in one locale also have the potential to alter the genetic structure of populations in neighboring areas, even if those areas have pristine habitats.
在某一地区大规模的扰动，(不仅仅影响该地区的salmon物种的基因结构，)也会改变邻近地区的salmon物种的基因结构。








呵呵，正疑惑呢，多谢斑竹。
作者: supermonkey    时间: 2005-9-22 22:19

Q11:


According to the passage, human activity has had which of the following effects on salmon populations?




  • An increase in the size of salmon populations in some previously polluted rivers

  • A decline in the number of salmon in some rivers

  • A decrease in the number straying salmon in some rivers

  • A decrease in the gene flow between salmon populations that spawn in polluted streams and populations that spawn in pristine streams

    • the answer is B. 偶不确定是否是在第一段中的7-9行定位的？哪位NN指点一下啊，谢谢？


    作者: supermonkey    时间: 2005-9-23 19:16
    作者: leonchan    时间: 2005-10-5 01:40

    就是L7-9

    作者: Ville    时间: 2006-7-26 12:55

    可是7~9只是说了There are fewer salmon in degraded regions than in pristine ones.没有说明decline这个现象呀？

    是不是有些不准确？

    作者: skyinseas    时间: 2006-8-3 19:39
    fewer不就是decline的改写吗？
    作者: vivianwsp198    时间: 2006-8-6 15:15

    还是不明白，原文说The numerical effect is obvious:  there are fewer salmon

     in degraded regions than in pristine ones;

     in degraded regions than in pristine ones;

     只是说在退化的地方鱼比PRISTINE少，又没说总体少。

    还有第9题目，答案选B，如下原文哪里提到 a common misunderstanding 了

    Bcorrect a common misunderstanding about the behavior of salmon in response to environmental degradation caused by human activity

    Bcorrect a common misunderstanding about the behavior of salmon in response to environmental degradation caused by human activity

    作者: vivianwsp198    时间: 2006-8-6 15:24

    我想第9题选B的可能基于第一段的最后几句话吧（如下）

     Indeed, most

    analysts believe that some kind

    of environmental degradation

    underlies the demise of many

    extinct salmon populations.

     (20)      Although some rivers have

           been recolonized, the unique

           genes of the original populations

    have been lost.

    但最后一段（如下）说明了人的影响和环境的影响对鱼都是一样的，所以第9题我选了C

      Although no one has quantified

    changes in the rate of straying

    as a result of the disturbances

    caused by humans, there is no

     (70)      reason to suspect that the effect

    would be qualitatively different

    than what was seen in the

    aftermath of the Mount
                        Saint

    Helens eruption.
    作者: 当当84    时间: 2006-8-8 13:36

    奇怪，我这里的答案，第9题是E，怎么变成了B,到底是什么？

    还有对于e选项

    E. describe how environmental degradation can cause changes in salmon populations that extend beyond a numerical   reduction
                

    文章前两段都还能解释，那么最后一段哪？我觉得最后一段相当于一个总结段，提出其实人类对鱼的影响和环境的影响是差不多的，那么不就相当于转回来了吗？

    谁能帮帮忙？？谢谢

    作者: 当当84    时间: 2006-8-8 14:05
    以下是引用Ville在2006-7-26 12:55:00的发言：

    可是7~9只是说了There are fewer salmon in degraded regions than in pristine ones.没有说明decline这个现象呀？

    是不是有些不准确？

    同意，我也觉得11题的定位有点问题，在文章最后一段，说了，人对鱼的影响和环境对鱼的影响是一样的，那么这里说了，会影响鱼类对于环境的适应能力和E选项一样的意思

    Such a dra-

     (75)      matic increase in straying from

    damaged areas to more pristine

    streams results in substantial                                   

    gene flow, which can in turn lower

    the overall fitness of subsequent

    generations.

    Q11:

    According to the passage, human activity has had which of the following effects on salmon populations?

    1. An increase in the size of salmon populations in some previously polluted rivers
    2. A decline in the number of salmon in some rivers

    3. A decrease in the number straying salmon in some rivers
    4. A decrease in the gene flow between salmon populations that spawn in polluted streams and populations that spawn in pristine streams
    5. A decline in the vulnerability of some salmon populations to the effects of naturally occurring habitat destruction

    疑惑，不知道怎么解释？

    作者: lovelyvans    时间: 2006-8-8 16:41

    Although no one has quantified

    changes in the rate of straying

    as a result of the disturbances

    caused by humans, there is no

    (70) reason to suspect that the effect

    would be qualitatively different

    than what was seen in the

    aftermath of the Mount
          Saint

    Helens eruption.

    我觉得11题的B应该是从这里定位找答案，它指出了qualitatively different~~~~另外E应该是错误选项，文中没讨论vulnerability的概念


    [此贴子已经被作者于2006-8-8 16:48:45编辑过]
    作者: Dinaxie    时间: 2006-8-16 18:16
    第9题答案究竟是什么阿？看了半天的说
    作者: happylifelin    时间: 2006-9-14 03:06
    ding!
    作者: ecochem    时间: 2006-9-15 11:07

    第9题答案应该是E

    作者: janet_wei    时间: 2006-10-6 14:56
    支持E
    作者: 晴天小狗    时间: 2006-10-20 22:00

    12.The author mentions the “aftermath of the Mount Saint Helens eruption” (lines 73-74) most likely in order to

     

    A：indicate the extent to which the disturbance of salmon habitat by human activity in one stream might affect the genetic structure of salmon populations elsewhere

    B：provide a standard of comparison against which the impact of human activity on the gene flow among salmon populations should be measured

    哪个？？


    [此贴子已经被作者于2006-10-24 21:47:49编辑过]
    作者: 晴天小狗    时间: 2006-10-24 21:50

    Although no one has quantified
    changes in the rate of straying
    as a result of the disturbances
    caused by humans    , there is no
     (70) reason to suspect that the effect
    would be qualitatively different
    than what was seen in the
    aftermath of the Mount Saint
    Helens eruption.

    这里是证明disturbances are caused by humans? 其他地方好像没说他们之间的联系

    C？？

    作者: windspeaker    时间: 2006-12-28 09:49
    以下是引用supermonkey在2005-9-22 22:19:00的发言：

    Q11:

    According to the passage, human activity has had which of the following effects on salmon populations?

    1. An increase in the size of salmon populations in some previously polluted rivers
    2. A decline in the number of salmon in some rivers

    3. A decrease in the number straying salmon in some rivers
    4. A decrease in the gene flow between salmon populations that spawn in polluted streams and populations that spawn in pristine streams

    the answer is B. 偶不确定是否是在第一段中的7-9行定位的？哪位NN指点一下啊，谢谢？

     numerical

    作者: foxordog    时间: 2007-1-17 22:12
    原来如此，解惑解惑，谢谢！
    作者: lvqingling    时间: 2007-3-31 10:16

    请问：Q12为什么不是D?

    D. show how salmons' homing instinct can be impaired as a result of severe environmental degradation of their natal streams.

    作者: lvqingling    时间: 2007-3-31 10:16

    请问：Q12为什么不是D?

    D. show how salmons' homing instinct can be impaired as a result of severe environmental degradation of their natal streams.

    作者: lisony    时间: 2007-9-27 11:35
    以下是引用晴天小狗在2006-10-20 22:00:00的发言：

    12.The author mentions the “aftermath of the Mount Saint Helens eruption” (lines 73-74) most likely in order to

    A：indicate the extent to which the disturbance of salmon habitat by human activity in one stream might affect the genetic structure of salmon populations elsewhere

    B：provide a standard of comparison against which the impact of human activity on the gene flow among salmon populations should be measured

    哪个？？

    哪个？？


    看原文出现aftermath...MSH。 原文说：Although....,there is no reason to suspect that the effect would be qualitatively different than...MSH.意思是说:没有理由怀疑MSH的后果可以量化-----也就是MSH可以量化，反对以前说不能量化。因此选择B

    作者: jingoist2006    时间: 2007-10-20 02:03
    以下是引用当当84在2006-8-8 13:36:00的发言：

    奇怪，我这里的答案，第9题是E，怎么变成了B,到底是什么？

    还有对于e选项

    E. describe how environmental degradation can cause changes in salmon populations that extend beyond a numerical   reduction
       

    文章前两段都还能解释，那么最后一段哪？我觉得最后一段相当于一个总结段，提出其实人类对鱼的影响和环境的影响是差不多的，那么不就相当于转回来了吗？

    谁能帮帮忙？？谢谢

    同问，怎么CD上就是没有人对9题进行一下详细的解释呢？我手头的答案显示第9题选E 但严重不理解为什么不选C？
    作者: wgaggassi34    时间: 2007-11-7 22:07
    以下是引用jingoist2006在2007-10-20 2:03:00的发言：

    同问，怎么CD上就是没有人对9题进行一下详细的解释呢？我手头的答案显示第9题选E 但严重不理解为什么不选C？

    看整篇文章，对比只在最后一段，不是重点。

    大部分篇幅都是描述environmental degradation的！

    作者: smilingalone    时间: 2008-4-15 21:47
    好强。。崇拜
    作者: rorarora    时间: 2008-5-12 10:32
    以下是引用jingoist2006在2007-10-20 2:03:00的发言：

    同问，怎么CD上就是没有人对9题进行一下详细的解释呢？我手头的答案显示第9题选E 但严重不理解为什么不选C？

    C明显是错的，用compare这个词就可以排除，整篇文章一脉相承，都在讲human activity的影响。

    但是我对于E还有问题，就是environmental degradation好像不包括后面的disturbance......第二段第一句开头就讲了.....even if...in a pristine region.....

    当然别的也没得选，但我对E的说法感到很疑惑

    作者: 飞天小龙    时间: 2009-2-26 12:50
    Q12这一题选B啊？可是我的答案是c么？另外我也不是很理解为什么选c,原文定位应该是这一句吧：Although no one has quantified changes in the rate of straying as a result of the disturbances caused by humans, there is no reaon to suspect that the effect would be qualitatively different than waht was seen in the aftermath of the Mount Saint Helens eruption. 对于这个句子问什么different 后面会用than?这句句子是说人类活动对salmon gene flow的影响是和那个火山是差不多的吧？那为什么会得出c选项的答案呢
    作者: sophiacoming    时间: 2009-8-21 03:01

    今天做到这道题了，虽然距上一个回复日期已过一年……：P

    我觉得Q12选C。虽然我一开始我没读清C在说什么就先把它排除了……＠＿＠但是仔细读完发现比B要更准确

    文章的思路：Para1：提出观点（人类不仅减少了鱼的数量还使得部分种类灭绝）

    Para2：说明原因，介绍机理

    Para3： 重申影响，表明人类的危害

    从Q9看出来主题是： describe how environmental degradation can cause changes in salmon populations that extend beyond a numerical reduction

    那么environmental degradation 是针对谁在说呢？就是人类啊，并不是火山爆发这种自然现象。

    既然文章针对人， 为什么又能扯到自然现象（火山爆发）呢？

    火山爆发最先是在Para2 提到的。 Para2 提它是为了支持结论Straying rates remain relatively low when environmental conditions are stable, but can increase dramatically when streams suffer severe disturbance.  但是这点并没有和人类联系上。只是证明了机理的正确性，可是并没有表明人类的危害程度。

    Para3又提到火山爆发，问题正是对Para3出现提问。这里是将火山爆发的后果和人类危害作了比较，表示两者不相上下。为什么要这么比呢？因为
            Although no one has quantified changes in the rate of straying as a result of the disturbances caused by humans因为人类的危害没有办法量化。

    再读C选项：provide a standard of comparison against which the impact of human activity on the gene flow among salmon populations should be measured这个选项把自然现象和人类活动通过比较连接起来了。因为自然现象是没有办法直接说明人类活动的后果的， 它只能作为一个参考指标啊~~~

    而B选项indicate the extent to which the disturbance of salmon habitat by human activity....火山爆发怎么能说明人类影响有多大？所以我觉得还是没有指明这句话的关键作用。

    看到前人的帖子有提过the genetic structure和the gene flow 是否有差别？我个人觉得没有。原因如下：

    第三段首句说的是火山爆发和人类活动在in the rate of straying 方面的影响程度，最后一句说的是results in substantial gene flow,我觉得rate of straying 直接相关于gene flow。

    第二段首句：to alter the genetic structure of populations in neighboring areas。然后说rate of straying 。就是说rate of straying 直接相关于the genetic structure 。

    从意思上说，这两者也是同义变换吧…… 至少每看到讨论的时候我没感觉出来两者的差异……


    [此贴子已经被作者于2009/8/21 3:04:46编辑过]
    作者: gjr_2009    时间: 2009-9-1 10:28
    我一上来就把standard那个给排除掉了。。。越来越绝的全都不对。 所以我选了B。。。可是那个standard 好难才能让人相信这个是正确的
    作者: AMBER513    时间: 2019-9-10 15:08
    看一下！               



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