ChaseDream

标题: OG16-86,句尾doing可以修饰句中一个动词?大牛请进。 [打印本页]

作者: FlyingC2    时间: 2015-7-1 04:43
标题: OG16-86,句尾doing可以修饰句中一个动词?大牛请进。
86. To map Earth's interior, geologists use a network of seismometers to chart seismic waves that originate in the earth's crust and ricochet around its interior, most rapidly traveling through cold, dense regions and slower through hotter rocks.
(A) interior, most rapidly traveling through cold, dense regions and slower
(B) interior, which travel most rapidly through cold, dense regions, and more slowly
(C) interior, traveling most rapidly through cold, dense regions and more slowly
(D) interior and most rapidly travel through cold, dense regions, and slower
(E) interior and that travel most rapidly through cold, dense regions and slower

OG解释
This sentence explains in detail an activity of geologists (using seismometers to chart waves), focusing primarily on the object, seismic waves. A description of these waves is developed in a relative clause (that originate ... hotter rocks) that contains a compound verb phrase (originate ... ricochet . .). The action, ricochet, is further described in a participial phrase in which traveling ... is then further described in a comparison of travel speeds in cold and hot regions of Earth's crust.

C Correct. The modifiers are parallel and correctly positioned in relation to the verb.

难道句尾doing可以修饰句中的一个动词ricochet??
还是这是gmat的一个新规则
还有人能找到类似的题目么?

作者: jptvhe    时间: 2015-7-2 17:57
OG的意思是,这个分词短语traveling...是形容(describe)ricochet 这个动作的。
换句话说,这个分词起到的是一个伴随状语的作用,seismic waves ricochet around the Earth's interior, traveling rapidly...
这里traveling rapidly的逻辑主语与主句主语-seismic waves一致,起到了修饰主句动作的作用。
例子就太多了,作伴随状语是现在分词短语最主要的一个用法。


作者: FlyingC2    时间: 2015-7-3 04:26
jptvhe 发表于 2015-7-2 17:57
OG的意思是,这个分词短语traveling...是形容(describe)ricochet 这个动作的。
换句话说,这个分词起到的 ...

我主要是不确定doing在句尾还能修饰某一个动词
有类似的例题么?

作者: Elaine_Eady    时间: 2015-7-20 15:05
jptvhe 发表于 2015-7-2 17:57
OG的意思是,这个分词短语traveling...是形容(describe)ricochet 这个动作的。
换句话说,这个分词起到的 ...

刚刚也做到这道题,同意你说的伴随的用法:subject一致,且能修饰主句动作。不过有一点不太明白,seismic waves that... 可以看作是主句吗,毕竟从整段话的角度看,主句应该是geologists use a network of ....主语就应该是geologists...
作者: catherine27629    时间: 2015-8-5 11:48
V-ing 修饰从句的动词,觉得规则有点新。。。
作者: echomaotw    时间: 2015-8-6 05:04
这个例子棒棒的
作者: Azure126    时间: 2015-8-9 20:53
Elaine_Eady 发表于 2015-7-20 15:05
刚刚也做到这道题,同意你说的伴随的用法:subject一致,且能修饰主句动作。不过有一点不太明白,seismic ...

同问,这个问题纠结好久了,按照以前来说的话,难道主句主语不是geologist吗,comma+ving做伴随的话不是应该修饰use吗。。
作者: Azure126    时间: 2015-8-9 20:55
catherine27629 发表于 2015-8-5 11:48
V-ing 修饰从句的动词,觉得规则有点新。。。

是啊是啊,这里到底行不行 我也觉得ricochet是从句动词
作者: Elaine_Eady    时间: 2015-8-9 21:16
Azure126 发表于 2015-8-9 20:53
同问,这个问题纠结好久了,按照以前来说的话,难道主句主语不是geologist吗,comma+ving做伴随的话不是 ...

这里是可以的,ron说过v-ing修饰main clause it attaches. 这里的main clause更多的要从句意角度来理解,这道题中不失geologist,而是seismic waves更合适
作者: Azure126    时间: 2015-8-9 21:27
Elaine_Eady 发表于 2015-8-9 21:16
这里是可以的,ron说过v-ing修饰main clause it attaches. 这里的main clause更多的要从句意角度来理解 ...

哦哦 谢谢啊!那如果逻辑意思合理的话,修饰geologist也可以呢
作者: Elaine_Eady    时间: 2015-8-9 21:45
Azure126 发表于 2015-8-9 21:27
哦哦 谢谢啊!那如果逻辑意思合理的话,修饰geologist也可以呢

是的,是有这两种情况,具体修饰哪个还是要看句意
作者: Azure126    时间: 2015-8-9 22:28
Elaine_Eady 发表于 2015-8-9 21:45
是的,是有这两种情况,具体修饰哪个还是要看句意

那会不会造成歧义 然后变成被排除的split呢
作者: zbyloveinter    时间: 2015-8-10 00:08
Elaine_Eady 发表于 2015-7-20 15:05
刚刚也做到这道题,同意你说的伴随的用法:subject一致,且能修饰主句动作。不过有一点不太明白,seismic ...

这个comma + Ving结构出现在从句里,怎么会去修饰主句的主语呢。。。
用Ron的解释
这个修饰语修饰了整个动作(地震波起源于crust、r动词不认识)并且伴随这个动作发生
作者: Elaine_Eady    时间: 2015-8-10 23:08
zbyloveinter 发表于 2015-8-10 00:08
这个comma + Ving结构出现在从句里,怎么会去修饰主句的主语呢。。。
用Ron的解释
这个修饰语修饰了整个动 ...

看一下!               
作者: 葫芦屯屯委书记    时间: 2015-9-21 14:49
Elaine_Eady 发表于 2015-7-20 15:05
刚刚也做到这道题,同意你说的伴随的用法:subject一致,且能修饰主句动作。不过有一点不太明白,seismic ...

记得论坛里有一个ving修饰用法总结,里面有说“相当于副词adverbial modifier,必需满足
1)**modifies the entire action of the preceding clause 注意是指前面紧接的那个子句而非一定是主句!!”是不是一定程度能解答一下你的困惑呢
作者: justyeah05    时间: 2015-10-1 04:10
这道题的E为什么不对?
seismic waves that originate...and ricochet...and that travel ...
2个that平行,意思上貌似也行得通啊。。

作者: justyeah05    时间: 2015-10-1 04:13
刚提交就发现了slower错了 sigh
作者: mollywww    时间: 2015-10-4 14:35
就算看完了ving解释说是修饰action,为什么我还是觉得E挺对的
seismic waves that originate in the earth’s crust and ricochet around its interior and that travel most rapidly through cold, dense regions and slower through hotter rocks.
求大神给解释解释
作者: treatisesing    时间: 2015-11-2 09:12
用两个定语从句平行并列修饰一个名词非常wordy和awkward,因为他们完全可以写在一个句子里啊
作者: 医生吃鱼    时间: 2015-11-9 10:37
代入正确选项C后的句子:To map Earth’s interior, geologists use a network of seismometers to chart seismic waves that originate in the earth’s crust and ricochet around its interior, traveling most rapidly through cold, dense regions and more
slowly through hotter rocks.


根据OG的解释,“逗号+travelling。。。”(红色部分)是修饰单单riochet一个动作。


我觉得奇怪的是:划线部分的分句中有 originateriochet两个并列的动作啊,“逗号+travelling。。。”怎么可以只修饰其中一个动作呢?

作者: dannilu76    时间: 2015-12-2 12:57
jptvhe 发表于 2015-7-2 17:57
OG的意思是,这个分词短语traveling...是形容(describe)ricochet 这个动作的。
换句话说,这个分词起到的 ...

同意travelling修饰的是sesmic waves,可是主句的逻辑主语是geologist,感觉OG的解释简直是无法接受
作者: fghrycn    时间: 2016-1-27 19:44
反正我也是错选到了E上面,后来整理了一下思路,因为OG对E选项的评价是Adding a relative clause and that . . . makes this sentence wordy and awkward.然后我有一个想法。

首先可以明确地是主句部分必定是geologists use a network of seismometers to chart seismic waves。后面的部分that originate in the earth’s crust and ricochet around its interior....这个部分一定是修饰语, 而且是定语从句修饰的waves。

问题就是后面的跟着的部分修饰的对象是谁。
看一下5个选项,内容都是一致的。所以应该修饰的是that后面的东西, 动作的发出者是waves。

然后综合一下PREP08全部正确句子的分析感觉, 特别是PREP08对于连词and的用法时候, 可以看到一个现象就是说
Claus 1 and Clause 2, adv modifier。这样的结构的时候, 此时的adv modifier肯定是能修饰Clause 2。现在OG 16 有这个把这种and的用法放在定从标志的用法上的趋势, 因为从中意义上定从中的that也是连词。所以说,此处的adv modifer的修饰定语从句的内容是没有问题的。

我当时的想法是C的修饰可能有歧义, 因为不知道修饰的是主句还是从句。后来看了一下之前的总结,发现一个东西就是 adv modifier有一个特点,就是就近修饰。这个就近修饰的特性就是理解C的核心。

最后就是E的问题, E的话看似修饰明确了, 使得两个定语从句并列了, 而且明确了动作的发出者是谁, 但是仔细阅读的时候发现其语义和C是一样的。因为一定要想到 adv modifier就近修饰的问题, 在加上简洁的原因, 很容易推理出 C 比E好很多。


然后还有一个分辨的点。 虽然我觉得点有点扣得太细。
就是从句中and的平行, C选项:raveling most rapidly through cold, dense regions and more slowly through hotter rocks.这个平行非常清晰

但是看到E选项的时候:
To map Earth’s interior, geologists use anetwork of seismometers to chart seismic waves that originate in the earth’scrust and ricochet around its interior and that travel most rapidly through cold, dense regions and slower through hotter rocks.

To map Earth’s interior, geologists use anetwork of seismometers to chart seismic waves that originate in the earth’scrust and ricochet around its interior and that travel most rapidly through cold, dense regions and slower through hotter rocks.

会有这样的误读, 另外slow的确有adv的用法 - 这个是OG上的解释, 有点纠结,失去了大方向, 但是从语义上理解也不失为一个点, 虽然有点难看出来。
另外在PREP08上就有两个短小的形容词并列, 没有and的情况。


作者: fuuta    时间: 2016-4-24 19:35
对b为什么是错的不理解,上网搜了一下,搜到这个答案,自己感觉MAKE SENSE,请问NN可以这样理解吗?

QUOTE FROM BEATTHEGMAT FORUM

The referent for which + PLURAL VERB must be the NEAREST PRECEDING PLURAL NOUN.
B: waves that originate...which travel
Here, which travel (which + PLURAL VERB) seems to refer to waves (the nearest preceding plural noun).
As a result, that and which both have the same referent (waves).
Two different pronouns cannot have the same referent.
Eliminate B.
作者: helloken    时间: 2016-5-1 00:34
纠结了很久的一道题,说一下我的理解:
一开始做题看选项首先排除了C,因为惯性思维,认为ing是修饰前边geo的,伴随错误,经常遇到的一种错误。
仔细分析下来,其实这里边是两层逻辑关系的嵌套,相当于从that开始一直到最后,都是修饰waves的定语从句。而that后边可以理解为一个单独的主句,姑且叫它为次主句,在这个次主句中,有一个并列关系,originate...和ricochet...,在这个并列关系中,travelling引导的是伴随状语,是这个并列成分中第二个动词引导的并列成分的一部分,修饰第二个动词。这样理解下来其实逻辑关系是这样的:
To map Earth’s interior, geologists use a network of seismometers to chart seismic waves {that (originate in the earth’s crust) and (ricochet around its interior, traveling most rapidly through cold, dense regions and more slowly through hotter rocks)}.
这样看起来句子还是很整齐的,层次分明。

作者: 於一    时间: 2016-5-10 13:16

86. To map Earth's interior, geologists use a network of seismometers to chart seismic waves that originate in the earth's crust and ricochet around its interior, most rapidly traveling through cold, dense regions and slower through hotter rocks.
读完题后,感觉后面的traveling 是去形容 ricochet,因为我才ricochet是转啊转或者跳的意思 跟后面的traveling 很搭
(A) interior, most rapidly traveling through cold, dense regions and slower
and 前后不平行
(B) interior, which travel most rapidly through cold, dense regions, and more slowly
which 指代不明
(C) interior, traveling most rapidly through cold, dense regions and more slowly (through)
and 前后很平行
(D) interior and most rapidly travel through cold, dense regions, and slower
and 前后不平行
(E) interior and that travel most rapidly through cold, dense regions and slower
and that 读起来怪怪的

open to discuss
好多时候做题都是语感啊
作者: 学习gmat的空管    时间: 2016-5-12 17:59
comma--ing修饰的是一个action而不仅仅是个verb
作者: ianwyb    时间: 2016-5-29 02:49
我就想问 E为什么不对 难道不能是和前面的that平行修饰waves吗?
作者: dudu122    时间: 2016-5-30 21:52
可以 曼哈顿说过
The -in f o r m is very flexible. It can modify nouns directly (e.g.,  the changing seasons).  It can modify
verbs and their subjects (e.g.,  I lifted the weight,  whistling).   It can even modify an entire clause as above,
as long as the entire clause converted into a noun phrase could function as the subject of the verb that
is now in  -in g   form.
作者: 415lethe    时间: 2016-6-5 17:19
医生吃鱼 发表于 2015-11-9 10:37
代入正确选项C后的句子:To map Earth’s interior, geologists use a network of seismometers to chart s ...

对的 觉得很奇怪啊这道题
作者: 卡卡女爵    时间: 2016-6-5 17:37
这个点prep里面经常考吧。我之前这题选的是E,后来分析的时候觉得slower从句意上来讲还是修饰travel比较好,这样和rapidly有个平行的关系,所以slower要改成slowly;但是总体来说看不出来E有什么错
作者: 小馄饨claire    时间: 2016-7-4 05:41
求各位大神解释已加为什么E是错的, 我觉得seismic waves that originate in the earth's crust and ricochet around its interior and (seismic waves) that travel most rapidly.....
我觉得是平行结构啊that...and that....答案说wordy
作者: ai559031    时间: 2016-7-4 10:09
小馄饨claire 发表于 2016-7-4 05:41
求各位大神解释已加为什么E是错的, 我觉得seismic waves that originate in the earth's crust and ricoch ...

most rapidly through cold, dense regions and slower
E不平行
作者: 小馄饨claire    时间: 2016-7-5 09:47
ai559031 发表于 2016-7-4 10:09
most rapidly through cold, dense regions and slower
E不平行

哦!谢谢。。光看前面了
作者: loveeyore    时间: 2016-7-5 14:47
我觉得E除了以上错的地方也一定程度上改变了句意原本是伴随状语而E变为2个独立并列的定语从句
作者: YVETTEWYW    时间: 2016-7-17 16:20
於一 发表于 2016-5-10 13:16
86. To map Earth's interior, geologists use a network of seismometers to chart seismic waves that o ...

Mark一下!               
作者: ianwyb    时间: 2016-9-25 15:13
fghrycn 发表于 2016-1-27 19:44
反正我也是错选到了E上面,后来整理了一下思路,因为OG对E选项的评价是Adding a relative clause and that  ...

GWD里面有道题:
"Medicare, the United States government’s health insurance program for the elderly and disabled, covers the full cost of home health care, but not with other nonhospital services where 20 percent of the costs must be paid by beneficiaries.
A. but not with other nonhospital services where 20 percent of the costs must be paid by beneficiaries.
B. but not of other nonhospital services, making beneficiaries pay 20 percent of the costs.
C. but not of other nonhospital services, for which beneficiaries must pay 20 percent of the costs.
D. which is unlike other nonhospital services in that 20 percent of the costs must be paid by beneficiaries.
E. which is unlike other nonhospital services that make beneficiaries pay 20 percent of the costs.

答案是C
对于B选项Ron给出的解释是:(b) misuses the COMMA + -ING modifier. this modifier must modify the preceding CLAUSE, so this sentence erroneously indicates that medicare covers 20% of the cost even when it "covers the full cost of home health care" (note that this is the immediately preceding clause -- "covers" is the only verb that precedes this modifier).

所以我觉得没有必要揣测GMAC到底是喜欢ing就近修饰还是修饰句子主句的意思,错就错在SLOWER,而且是明显错误,就那么简单。
作者: 文刀刀    时间: 2016-9-28 18:54
刚错了这道题,感谢楼上各种大大们的分享!!!!
作者: 游园惊梦似归客    时间: 2016-10-11 10:13
OG上的另外一道题(OG17编号748,OG12编号55)和这道地震波(OG17编号756,OG16编号86)的题有些类似又存在区别,说不定可以说明问题:
Many house builders offer rent-to-buy programs that enable a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to be able to move into new housing and to apply part of the rent to a purchase later.
(A) programs that enable a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to be able to move into new housing and to apply
(B) programs that enable a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to move into new housing and to apply
(C) programs; that enables a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to move into new housing, to apply
(D) programs, which enables a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to move into new housing, applying
(E) programs, which enable a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to be able to move into new housing, applying

OG上针对D、E选项末尾applying的解释是“applying following a nonrestrictive clause suggests incorrectly that the builders, not the family, are applying the rent”,也就是说,当前面是个【非限制性定从】的时候,applying就不修饰紧邻的which从句,而跑去修饰主句了(Many house builders ...)。

而地震波这道题,traveling前面是个【限制性定从】,OG就说traveling可以修饰紧邻的这个that从句,没有跑去修饰主句(geologists use ...)。

这样一来,似乎说明了GMAC承认V-ing可以修饰紧邻的限制性定从,但是不能修饰紧邻的非限制性定从



作者: cyranvvv    时间: 2016-10-18 00:02
if a comma + -ING modifier follows a complex expression that has more than one subject+verb pair, then you may have to use a certain amount of common sense to distinguish what is modified.
the modifier still must modify the same rules, but could refer to either of the subject/verb combinations.

e.g.
i dropped a bag containing six incubators that enclosed baby chicks, breaking two of them and endangering the chicks' lives.
here, the comma -ing modifier modifies the entire preceding clause. shown in color:
i dropped a bag (containing six incubators that enclosed baby chicks), breaking two of them and endangering the chicks' lives.

顺便,为啥E的that不对??????虽然知道slower是错的。

作者: 影子喵    时间: 2016-11-25 20:55
葫芦屯屯委书记 发表于 2015-9-21 14:49
记得论坛里有一个ving修饰用法总结,里面有说“相当于副词adverbial modifier,必需满足
1)**modifies t ...

同意!               
作者: 影子喵    时间: 2016-11-25 21:00
helloken 发表于 2016-5-1 00:34
纠结了很久的一道题,说一下我的理解:
一开始做题看选项首先排除了C,因为惯性思维,认为ing是修饰前边geo ...

同意!               
作者: kyuin    时间: 2016-12-13 14:30
游园惊梦似归客 发表于 2016-10-11 10:13
OG上的另外一道题(OG17编号748,OG12编号55)和这道地震波(OG17编号756,OG16编号86)的题有些类似又存在 ...

Mark一下!               
作者: 猪小王    时间: 2017-3-3 11:34
说是考modifier,不如说在考句子的meaning。ricochet的意思反弹。这个句子的意思结合这幅地震波的图可能更容易理解(这是高中地理知识)-- 来自science buddies。



To map Earth's interior, geologists use a network of seismometers to chart seismic waves that originate in the earth's crust and ricochet around its interior, traveling most rapidly through cold, dense regions and slowly through hotter rocks.

这句话描述了geologists如何绘制地震波:地震波开始于地壳并在(地球)内部反弹,然后traveling这个modifier对比了地震波在cold和hot两个介质内反弹(ricochet)速度。



D中travel和originate,ricochet是平行的,虽然没有语法错误,但是句子意思略有改变。可以比较这两个例子:
e.g., Jane left the classroom ten minutes ago, whistling a song. VS. Jane plays basketball and rides bicycles.


而且,D中即使用travel没错,也不应该是originate...and ricochet...and travel...,而是originate..., ricochet..., and travel这个structure。当然,还有simpler和rapidly不平行这个错误。
如果理解了D的错误,E的错误就也特别明显了,和D很类似,没有表达出句子原本的意思。最后OG解释也无语了,只能说没啥语法错误,但是很wordy and awkward。


作者: GMAT400    时间: 2017-3-10 21:49
这里面C和E的语义是有区别的。
To map Earth's interior, geologists use a network of seismometers to chart seismic waves that originate in the earth's crust and ricochet around its interior, most rapidly traveling through cold, dense regions and slower through hotter rocks.
(A) interior, most rapidly traveling through cold, dense regions and slower
(B) interior, which travel most rapidly through cold, dense regions, and more slowly
(C) interior, traveling most rapidly through cold, dense regions and more slowly
(D) interior and most rapidly travel through cold, dense regions, and slower
(E) interior and that travel most rapidly through cold, dense regions and slower 两个that限定性定语从句表示的是监测什么样的地震波呢 监测符合这两个条件的地震波 把most raidly...用that从句的话 表示值检测在cold region传的快的地震波,实际上这并不是OA的意思 OA的意思是监测所有的地震波
作者: AMBERLI    时间: 2017-8-21 14:47
'comma _ing' modifies the closest action.RON原话
作者: 糕糕哟    时间: 2017-10-22 10:01
GMAT400 发表于 2017-3-10 21:49
这里面C和E的语义是有区别的。
To map Earth's interior, geologists use a network of seismometers to ch ...

哇让人豁然开朗的解释,看了这么多解释最服气你的哈哈哈哈,棒棒棒,感谢
作者: triway    时间: 2017-11-30 14:06
Ron的解答如下:

'comma _ing' modifies the closest action.
here, that action is '...ricochet around [the earth's] interior.'
the subject of THAT action is 'seismic waves', and so 'comma + _ing' works perfectly in the usual way.

e.g., both of these sentences work in the same way:

A drunk driver drove his car into a storefront, causing several hundred thousand dollars' worth of damages.

A verdict is due today in the trial of a drunk driver who drove his car into a storefront, causing several hundred thousand dollars' worth of damages.

所以Ron的意思是找现在分词作伴随状语的主语,需要考虑最靠近的动作的主语,而非单纯考虑主句主语,有可能是在主句套从句的情况下会再考虑最靠近的动词这个选择吧,不然句意上面说不通了。
作者: Lunafang    时间: 2018-1-9 16:43
猪小王 发表于 2017-3-3 11:34
说是考modifier,不如说在考句子的meaning。ricochet的意思反弹。这个句子的意思结合这幅地震波的图可能更 ...

同意!               
作者: chrislty    时间: 2018-5-15 23:43
Ron在不同时期,不同题目都对ing做modifier进行了解释和总结。
在这题中运用了其中两点:
1. ing modifier是就近修饰句子/动词,且主语或逻辑主语与修饰那个动词相同,所以这里就近修饰的是ricochet
2. ing modifier其中一个功能(总共有三个),是去解释前面的句子/动作。虽然也有人说这题是伴随,但通过意思,我更倾向于是further explain "ricochet",因为ricochet(e.g bouncing) 本身就是travel的意思,所以后面的ing解释了waves是怎样“ricochet around its interior"

所以,C和E最大的区别在于:
1. 在C中,ricochet与traveling有逻辑关系
2. 在E中,由于用了that,相当于把ricochet和travel变成了独立的动作,即在作者的表达中,他们之间不再存在逻辑关系; 当然,其实从originate AND ricochet中的这个AND,已经可以得出这个定语从句不能再加更多独立动词,如果像E这样的用法,就变成了主语+动词1 AND 动词2 AND 动词3
作者: CoralUT    时间: 2018-11-9 17:27
GMAT400 发表于 2017-3-10 21:49
这里面C和E的语义是有区别的。
To map Earth's interior, geologists use a network of seismometers to ch ...

同意!               
作者: Brandon12    时间: 2018-11-9 19:53
请问more slowly和slower怎么区分?
作者: 查查的假发    时间: 2019-1-9 07:32
看一下!               
作者: 林佳音    时间: 2021-1-6 13:02
感谢分享!               
作者: 林佳音    时间: 2021-1-6 13:04
Elaine_Eady 发表于 2015-8-9 21:16
这里是可以的,ron说过v-ing修饰main clause it attaches. 这里的main clause更多的要从句意角度来理解 ...

Mark一下!               




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