题一： Advertisement: Today's customers expect high quality. Every advance in the quality of manufactured products raises customer expectations. The company that is satisfied with the current quality of its products will soon find that its customers are not. At MegaCorp, meeting or exceeding customer expectations is our goal.
Which of the following must be true on the basis of the statements in the advertisement above?
（B ）A company that does not correctly anticipate the expectations of its customers is certain to fail in advancing the quality of its products.
（C） MegaCorp's goal is possible to meet only if continuing advances in product quality are possible.
逻辑链：提高产品质量→提高顾客期望
逆否命题： FAIL TO ANTICIPATE顾客期望→ FAIL TO 提高产品质量
此题答案是C可以理解，但B不是原逻辑链的逆否命题吗，为什么不对？
题二 Social scientists are underrepresented on the advisory councils of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Since these councils advise NIH directors and recommend policy, the underrepresentation of social scientists results in a relative lack of NIH financial support for research in the social sciences.
If the statements above are correct, they most strongly support which of the following?
（B） A significant increase in the representation of social scientists on NIH advisory councils would result in an increase in NIH funding for social science research.
（D ）A significant increase in funding for the training of social scientists would result in an increase in the number of social scientists on NIH advisory councils.
案B （B貌似是原命题的否命题，为什么对 ）但 D不是逆否命题吗，为什么不对
逻辑链：underrepresented →lack of NIH financial support
逆否命题：financial support 充足→没有underrepresented （D)
否命题： 没有underrepresented→ financial support 充足 (B)作者: flexpoly 时间: 2015-5-20 15:38
那位大侠给指点指点，刚刚看了逻辑bible中关于sufficient, necessary condition的讲义，觉得对上述疑问更大了作者: jansonx 时间: 2015-5-20 17:23
这道题我思考了很久，讲以下我的理解：
题目的逻辑链有两条
1. Every advance in the quality of manufactured products raises customer expectations: increase in quality -> rise in expectation
2. Today's customers expect high quality： meet expectation -> high quality
答案B并非1的逆否； 错在用词“anticipate the expectation"；如果改为“raise the expectations", 则成立作者: flexpoly 时间: 2015-5-21 09:24
第二个逻辑连我忽略了。如此看来，答案c正是第二个逻辑连。bible说only if 是necessary condition的表致辞。c说MegaCorp's goal is possible to meet only if continuing advances in product quality are possible. 则有， to meet goal - continuing advance in quality. 正是第二个逻辑连。