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[揽瓜阁精读] 211.symbol economy

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91#
发表于 2023-8-23 16:55:53 | 只看该作者
P1
-symbol经济替代实体经济两种经济相互独立都是有形的但是很少人了解两者的转变
P2
-国际贸易越来越多服务类交易就是无形的交易
-伦敦的欧元美金市场交易额占世界商品和服务交易额的25倍
P3
-外币交易占世界商品和服务交易额的12倍
P4
-很多的欧元美金交易基本都是左口袋放进右口袋转好几手
-巨大的差异仍然存在这种现象的结论就是不参与交易的资本流动极大的超过了交易金融
P5
-国际上的资金流动大爆发找不到合理的解释
-汇率从不变到浮动利用货币投机可能起到了推动作用
-1973年和1979年两次石油危机也起到了重要影响
P6
-美国政府赤字可能也有影响
-美国预算是个无底洞从世界各地吸取资金使得美国成为世界最大的债务国
-预算赤字由交易和支付赤字引起的美国向卖家贷款商品和服务
-不解决交易和支付赤字就没法解决通货膨胀
P7
-美国利用高息吸引国外资本来应付本土的赤字
-日本推动出口来维持经济下行时期的就业率
-国家的政策也是影响资本流动和汇率的因素
P8
-不论是哪些因素加一起都导致了变化
-实体经济和symbol经济不再相互联结而是渐行渐远
P9
-传统国际经济理论认为商品和服务交易决定了资本流动和汇率
-However资本流动和汇率开始独立于世界贸易
P10
-But世界经济也不符合凯恩斯模型---认为symbol经济决定了实体经济
-两者之间的关系开始变得模糊
-美国尽管遇到贸易赤字也没有遇到通货紧缩还能保持通货膨胀失业率很低
-Conversely日本出口增长交易也多本土经济却没有增加仍然保持低迷水平也没有制造更多的岗位
P11
-经济学家认为实体经济和symbol经济最终会重回一起
-However他们也认为可能会软着陆或头着地
P12
-软着陆发达国家尤其美国的贸易赤字都降下来直到达到过剩或者平衡
-资本流动和汇率就会稳定下来产量和就业率也会增加通货膨胀降低

92#
发表于 2023-12-10 09:06:49 | 只看该作者
211 symbol economy
P1: 3rd major change in world economy: symbol economy. Goods and services seem to operate more independently, changes that are most visible and least understood.
P2: world trade in goods and services is larger than ever. LE(Eurodollar(在欧洲或美国以外其他地方持有的)欧洲美元,欧洲美元持有量): 25times, currency trade 12 times
P4: capital movements unconnected to trade greatly exceed tarde finance
P5: shift from fixed to floating ex rates may give initial impetus(impetus 动力,促进)by inviting currency speculation. Surge in liquid funds flowing encourage producers.
P6: US gov deficit also play a big role. Trade and payments deficit make W finance its budget at least without the explosive inflation risk
P7: major countries learn to use IE to avoid tackling(处理) disagreeable domestic problems is unprecedented(前所未有的,史无前例的). e.g USA, Japanese(sluggish:懒洋洋的 缓慢的 迟钝的)  this politicization of IE also a factor in super volatility(灵活,易变)
P8: real and symbol(credit and capital) no longer bound tightly to each other and actually moving further apart
P9: TIET still neoclassical(新古典主义的):G&S determines international capital flows and foreign exchange rates. BUT since 1970s, CF&FER move independently of         FT and indeed run counter*(对立面,反驳) to it.
P10: US no deflation and can control inflation, has the lowest unemployment rate. BUT japan though exponential(成指数倍的)growth of J exports, domestic economy not booming
P11: whether real and symbol economy will come together quite sharply or in a head-on collision but eventually they will come together.
P12: RA soft-landing scenario: US gov deficit and US trade deficit go down together until both attain surplus. Presumably (可能地)both CF&ER will then stabilize with production and employment high and inflation low
93#
发表于 2024-4-24 22:26:30 | 只看该作者
symbol economy
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