【Native Speaker每日综合训练—46系列】【46-08】文史哲

cyndichiang

内容：cyndichiang 编辑：cyndichiang

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今天跟maggie换了一下~

Part I: Speaker

Disposing of Sensitive Documents

Marcus: All right, let’s get started. These documents won’t sort themselves.

Rebecca: I really don’t think sorting through documents is the best use of my time. Can’t the company find an intern to do this?

Marcus: We have confidential information in these files and unless we want a security breach, only people who are authorized to see it are allowed to do this job.

Rebecca: Lucky us.

Marcus: Okay, we need to purge these files of outdated material. Let’s start by sorting them into two piles for either retention or destruction.

Rebecca: And then what?

Marcus: Then we have to further sort the destruction pile, either for disposal in the recycling bin or to be shredded.

Rebecca: And who are the lucky people who get to do the shredding?

Marcus: We get that honor, too.

Rebecca: You’re kidding! I’m all for safeguarding confidential information, but couldn’t we just burn it all in a giant bonfire?

Marcus: And who do you think would be responsible for doing that, and for extinguishing the wildfire we start?

Source: ESL  Podcast
http://www.eslpod.com/website/show_podcast.php?issue_id=16048204

[Rephrase 1, 21:34]

cyndichiang

Part II: Speed

Obama criticizes Sony’s decision to pull ‘The Interview’
By Greg Jaffe and Steven Mufson  |  December 19

[Time 2]
President Obama on Friday chastised Sony Pictures for shelving a satirical movie following a North Korean cyberattack and vowed that the United States would take retaliatory action against the hermit nation.

“I think they made a mistake,” the president said of Sony’s decision to stop distribution of the movie. “We cannot have a society in which some dictator someplace can start imposing censorship here in the United States.”

The Sony comments came in a nearly hour-long, wide-ranging news conference during which Obama made a case that America’s economy and global leadership were resurgent. He pointed to a lengthening streak of job increases and the strengthening U.S. economic recovery as well as the role the country is playing in enforcing Russian sanctions, containing the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, and combating Ebola.

Obama spoke at the end of his sixth year in office and with the end of his term in view. He had billed this year as one in which he would bounce back from a stumbling 2013, but 2014 turned out to be equally tough. His optimistic tone on Friday reflected the productive weeks he’s had since the midterm elections, which he hopes will help define a more positive presidential legacy.

The president declined to telegraph what actions the United States would take against North Korea but said that his administration was preparing a “range of options.” He vowed again to respond to the computer attack “proportionally” and “in a place and time and manner that we choose.” That response was a tacit acknowledgment of how the relatively new threat of cyberattacks was upending traditional American notions about security and what constitutes an act of aggression.

The president called for closer government coordination with the private sector in the United States — “we’re not even close to where we need to be,” he said — and the need to develop clearer rules internationally about how to respond to such attacks from weak states and terrorist groups.
[326 words]

[Time 3]
Mostly, though, he called for calm in the face of future attacks.

“I think all of us have to anticipate occasionally there are going to be breaches like this. They’re going to be costly. They’re going to be serious,” Obama said. “But we can’t start changing our patterns of behavior.”

Sony Pictures Entertainment later issued a statement saying it was “strongly committed to the First Amendment.” The decision to cancel the film, the company said, was driven by theater owners who declined to screen it. “This was their decision,” the company said. “We had no choice.” Sony also said it will look into an online release of the film, which portrays a fictional CIA plot to send two comical television show figures to assassinate the North Korean leader.

Throughout the news conference at the White House briefing room, the president focused on the growing economy and foreign policy victories that have characterized the past five weeks of his presidency, glossing over the frustrating 11 months that preceded them. He called 2014 “a breakthrough year for America,” citing the recent pickup in job growth, new enrollees in health-care exchanges, climate agreements with China and this week’s opening to Cuba.

“As a country, we have every right to be proud of what we’ve accomplished: more jobs, more people insured, a growing economy, shrinking deficits, bustling industry, booming energy,” Obama declared. “Take any metric that you want, America’s resurgence is real. We are better off.”

Barely acknowledged were the setbacks that dominated his presidency for much of the year, including the ongoing chaos in Syria and Iraq, a country where the United States has spent more than $1 trillion over the past decade and almost 4,500 U.S. troops were killed. In June, Islamic State militants took control of Mosul, but Iraq received no mention over the course of the hour.
[306 words]

[Time 4]
On Afghanistan, which is now the longest war in American history, Obama quickly noted that American combat operations would cease in two weeks and more American troops would be home for the holidays than at any other time in the last decade.

“Yes, there were crises that we had to tackle around the world, many that were unanticipated,” Obama said, citing the U.S. role in leading coalitions to check Russian aggression in Ukraine, halt the advance of Islamic State militants in the Middle East and fight Ebola in Africa.

“We have every right to be proud of what we’ve accomplished,” he said.

The president celebrated his breakthrough deal with Cuba, which normalized relations with Havana for the first time since the Eisenhower administration and predicted that change would slowly come to a nation that has been stuck in place for more than 50 years.

Obama played down the possibility of a meeting with Cuban President Raúl Castro during the remaining years of his presidency, saying that such a visit wasn’t “in the cards.” But he was confident that the island, which he called a “hermetically sealed society,” would open in “fits and starts.”

“I’m a fairly young man, so I imagine that at some point in my life, I will have the opportunity to visit Cuba and enjoy interacting with the Cuban people,” Obama said.

Despite six years of partisan warfare in Congress, Obama sounded his annual theme of optimism when it comes to working with GOP lawmakers, citing tax reform and infrastructure as issues that have the promise to break through the partisan gridlock.

“I think there are real opportunities to get things done in Congress,” Obama said. “I take [House] Speaker [John A.] Boehner and [Sen.] Mitch McConnell at their words that they want to get things done. I think the American people would like to see us get some things done.”

But the president said he had no illusions about the fact that there are many issues on which both sides disagree, and he vowed to put up “stiff resistance” if Republicans try to meddle with the Affordable Care Act or dilute consumer protection laws.
[358 words]

[Time 5]
Obama also said he would employ executive actions when he sees fit.

“I intend to continue to do what I’ve been doing, which is where I see a big problem and the opportunity to help the American people, and it is within my lawful authority to provide that help. I’m gonna do it,” he said. He then reached out to Congress and said, “Let’s work together. I’d rather do it with you.”

Obama again told lawmakers that if they are bothered by executive actions, they can work with him to pass a bill codifying the measures into law.

Obama held out hope for tax reform and ticked off his priorities: making sure companies paid similar rates, preventing companies from “parking money outside the country” to avoid taxes, and “corporate inversion” that allows companies to buy smaller overseas firms to pay lower taxes in foreign jurisdictions.

“We know that there are companies that are paying the full freight, 35 percent, higher than just about any other company on Earth,” Obama said. “And then there are other companies that are paying zero, because they’ve got better accountants or lawyers. That’s not fair.”

The president also linked tax reform to his plea for a federally financed infrastructure program, calling it “one other element of this that I think is important.”

Making all that happen could be difficult. Congressional Republicans have repeatedly blocked Obama’s efforts to enact an infrastructure spending bill. And corporate tax reform would need to find a way through a host of corporate interest groups, many of which cannot agree about what is a loophole and what is a vital incentive.
The final question to Obama asked that he assess the state of black America.

As the nation’s first black president, Obama has often faced critics on both the right and left who cite high unemployment and poverty rates among black Americans. While noting that racial gaps still exist in employment and education, Obama insisted that the experience of being black in America has improved since his historic election in 2008.
[ 340 words]

[Time 6]
“Like the rest of America, black America in the aggregate is better off now than it was when I came into office,” Obama said. “The jobs that have been created, the people who’ve gotten health insurance, the housing equity that’s been recovered, the 401 pensions that have been recovered — a lot of those folks are African Americans. They’re better off than they were.”

But the president also acknowledged the awakened racial tensions that have spurred protests in several American cities, noting that there is “a growing awareness in the broader population” of the perception of race-based inequalities in the justice system.

Obama has addressed the racial unrest in Ferguson, Mo., and across the country only a few times, each time stressing that America has made generational progress on racial issues and framing the current moment as a period of revelation for the country as a whole. At the same time, he has admonished violent demonstrators and defended the legal system.

“I actually think it’s been a healthy conversation that we’ve had. These are not new phenomena. The fact that they’re now surfacing, in part because people are able to film what have just been, in the past, stories passed on around the kitchen table, allows people to, you know, make their own assessments and evaluations,” Obama said. “And you’re not going to solve the problem if it’s not being talked about.”

Yet protest leaders in cities such as Ferguson, Cleveland and New York remain deeply disillusioned with Obama, angered that his remarks on race and law enforcement have not gone farther and that the president himself has not taken a more pointed stance on the individual police shootings that have prompted the demonstrations. Despite the creation of a task force to examine policing nationwide and his dispatching of Attorney General Eric H. Holder Jr. on a speaking tour, many of the most vocal protesters do not say Obama has done enough.
[334 words]

Source: Washingtonpost
http://www.washingtonpost.com/po ... _story.html?hpid=z1

cyndichiang

Part III: Obstacle

The New Age of Cyberwarfare
Why we should expect more attacks on companies like Sony Pictures.
By Fred Kaplan |DEC. 17 2014

[Paraphrase 7]
The hacking of Sony Pictures’ computer files, apparently in revenge for a movie about a zany plot to assassinate North Korean leader Kim Jong-un, marks a new chapter in the saga of cyber security, cybercrime, and cyber warfare.

Most cyber attacks to date—by China, Russia, Iran, Syria, North Korea, Israel, the United States, and a dozen or so other nations, as well as scads of gangsters and simple mischief-makers—have been mounted in order to steal money, patents, credit card numbers, or national-security secrets.

Whoever hacked Sony (probably a North Korean agency or contractor) did so to put pressure on free speech—in effect, to alter American popular culture and suppress constitutional rights.

Matt Devost, president and CEO of FusionX LLC, one of the leading computer-security firms dotting the Washington suburbs, told me in an email this morning, “This is the dawn of a new age. No longer do you have to worry just about the theft of money or intellectual property, but also about attacks that are designed to be as destructive as possible—and to influence your behavior.”

Bob Gourley, co-founder and partner of Cognitio, another such firm, agrees. “I have tracked cyber threats since December 1998 and have never seen anything like this. It might have roots in the early Web-defacements for propaganda”—usually by anti-war or animal-rights groups—“but they were child’s play, done really for bragging rights. A new line has been crossed here.”

And the attack has had effects. Sony has canceled the film’s scheduled release due to terrorist threats against theaters (even though no evidence links the source of the threats to the source of the hacking). While a Seth Rogen comedy is an unlikely cause for a protest of principle, a case can be made that Sony’s submission to political pressure—especially pressure from a foreign source, especially if that source is Kim Jong-un—should be protested.

The precedent is disturbing. Thousands, maybe tens of thousands, of people in the world—ranging from military cyber officers to clever teenagers—have the means and talent to hack into corporate computers, especially those of arts and entertainment companies, which have never thought of themselves as cyberattack victims and have therefore never taken more than the most basic precautions. Will hackers now threaten to raid and expose the computer files of other studios, publishers, art museums, and record companies if their executives don’t cancel some other movie, book, exhibition, or album?

The Sony hack wasn’t the first instance of this new phenomenon.

Last February, Las Vegas Sands Corp.—which owns the Sands, Venetian, and Palazzo hotel-casinos—was hacked by Iranians, in revenge for a speech given by its CEO, Sheldon Adelson, calling for a nuclear attack on Iran.

Adelson may be a distasteful figure, but he has the right to express his views without having to worry about some anonymous techie from across the oceans wiping out his computer servers at a cost of $40 million in damages. (The damages to the Sony attack could total as much as $100 million.)

And there may have been more cyber attacks of this sort on who knows how many other companies. Adelson covered up the true scope and nature of the attack on his company until an article just this month in Bloomberg Businessweek revealed the full details. Dell Secure Works, the firm Adelson hired to trace the intrusion, concluded that the “attack was in response to CEO comments regarding Iran.” Adelson had that line excised before releasing the report.

FireEye, one of the leading computer-security forensics companies, did the analysis for Sony and concluded that the hacker was an outfit called DarkSeoul, a frequent North Korean contractor, working from the Wi-Fi network at the St. Regis hotel in Bangkok. (North Korea, which has few indigenous resources to carry out high-powered cyber operations, is thought to do their extensive hackings through paid assets in China, Thailand, Singapore, and Syria.)

Should the U.S. government play some role in protesting this attack, taking retaliatory measures, or helping to prevent, trace, and repel such attacks in the future? In other words, is this a matter to be left to the private companies affected—or does it cross some line into the realm of diplomacy, national security, or (in the Sony case) a defense of American values?

The government and private industry—especially software, computer, and telecommunications companies—have been tossing around these questions for 30 years. The debate turned particularly fierce during Bill Clinton’s presidency. Clinton’s adviser on counter-terrorism and infrastructure-protection, Richard Clarke (who would later start a consulting firm on cyber security and write a book called Cyber War), argued for imposing mandatory security requirements on companies and utilities. Clinton’s economic advisers, as well as several CEOs, firmly resisted.

As a compromise, Clinton created ISACs, or “information sharing and analysis centers,” in which government agencies would help companies better secure their servers and networks. Presidents Bush and Obama strengthened these centers, but the arrangements remained voluntary—at the insistence of the private companies, which abhor regulation, and several civil liberties organizations, which are leery of any government intrusions into the Internet.

For the most part, these debates have involved the heads of “critical-infrastructure” enterprises—banks, telecommunications, energy, transportation, power lines, water works—as well as those of software and computer companies. These are the entities most likely to be hacked—and the entities whose hackings, if serious enough, could affect not just their own fortunes, but the economic well-being, and possibly the security, of the nation.

In some of these debates, the question of a “red line” has been discussed, though never resolved. If one bank gets seriously hacked, that’s the bank’s problem; there’s not much argument about that point. But what if two, three, four, or a dozen banks get seriously hacked? At what point does a problem of commercial risk become an issue of national defense?

Another problem in coming up with national policy on these issues is “attribution.” If a missile lands on American soil, its trajectory can be traced to the launch pad. If a server or network is crashed, the hacker’s signature can be traced, but it’s common for hackers to hijack other servers or hop from one platform to another. Sophisticated analysts—in the CIA, NSA, and a growing number of private computer-security companies—can usually track down the source, but it’s not a sure thing. North Korean spokesmen have praised, but denied involvement in, the Sony hacking. Even if President Obama were inclined to take some sort of action, would he do so without proof that Kim’s regime was the culprit? (As of early Wednesday evening, according to CNN, U.S. investigators have determined that hackers working for North Korea were behind the Sony attack. An announcement, on how the administration will pursue the matter, is expected Thursday.)

But what happens now, after the hacking of a major movie studio and hotel-casino chain, when it’s clear that every American enterprise might be hacked by foreigners—and when not just their assets, but their beliefs and public remarks might be the targets? (According to Bloomberg Businessweek, Adelson’s chain of hotels and casinos had five I.T. employees protecting 25,000 computers.)

Will they now start requesting government assistance? Should the government assume responsibility for their security and, if so, how?

It may be the dawn of a new age, but the glimmerings of this dawn lit up the sky decades ago, and those with the power and money to confront its challenges have evaded their responsibilities or been beaten down in their efforts. There never has been a serious debate about the issue’s costs, risks, benefits, and complexities. Maybe the unlikely pair of Sony Pictures and Sheldon Adelson will force the debate to happen now.
[1290 words]

Source: Slate
http://www.slate.com/articles/ne ... _attack_on_the.html

rita-schumi

2.  02：06
Sony stop the distribution of the movie related to NK
Obama talks about the threat of cyberattack of Sony

3. 01:43
Sony:  they cancel the movie distribution because of the theater owner.
Obama contends that America is resurgence, the economy is better off in 2014

4.  01:47
To illustrate the breakthroughs of America these years ,Obama take examples as : Afr. American troop could go home for holidays (more time than before)
compared with Russia domestic affairs...
deal with Cuba
   
5. 02:16
   Obama:  executive action
                      tax reform (high tariff now)
   difficult to realize the tax reform
   spending on infrastructure
   BLACK American (aggregation still exists, but improved after O's election

6. 02:04
   Racial discrimination is better off
   Racial issues still exit
Obama thinks he has spent a lot of efforts to improve the country, but the protests think O had not done enough

7.  06: 28
Cyber attack indicates a new age
Sony's film related to North Korea issues has been banned.
  Cyber attacking-- to suppress the free talk, etc.
  Should America protest/ assist Sony Pictures?
  A debate about cyber attacking is likely to happen.

Alpha4Dream

难道是这一次的阅读比较容易么hohoho~ 速度和单词有了提高喲~
话说00:00:16.54是怎么来的我也不知道....
加油！感觉sony这一次的事件萌萌哒啊哈哈
Time 2                 00:06:06.06       
Time 3                00:03:20.65       
Time 4                 00:06:45.29       
Time 5                 00:00:16.54       
Time 6                00:02:16.32       
Paraphrase 7        00:11:58.14

smallchange306

speed
2'16
2'07
2'21
1'53
2'05
obstacle
8'30
sony was attacked because it spread the moive.
this is not the only event
XX was also attacked because its ceo's comment on sth
Should the gov do sth to stop it? this problem has been discussed in Clinton's time. At last, C founded CCIAN, a voluntery unit). But is usefuless.
Should gov set a red line. the attack should taken seriously because it affect not only the co. itself, but also  US eco.

Cyber attack   电子入侵
第一篇speed一上来就有好几不认识的词  读的晕头转向的~~~

sumy217

Speaker
1. How to sort confidential files.
2.Dony stop a movie which is satirical to North Koren and incured cyberatack.
3. Obama stressed the prograss he has made to promote the economy of U.S.A, while fall short of citing what he did not make.
4.Obama make progress on the ralationship with Cuba and vow to make chnges to make new policies.
5.Obama insist in cooperate with congress to promote tax reform.
6.Obama said he did enough for the black in America while the protesters do not think so.

Obstacle
1.Sony was cyberattacked for releasing a satirical movie.
2.There are lots of cyberattack to get money and information or so the hacker need.
3.There is a long time debate on whether government should take measures to deal with it.
4. To trace the hacker is complicated and it's hard to rereliate back without proof.

yatina

Thanks cyndichiang!!!

Speaker
To sort: organize things in orders.
Not the best use of one's time: have more important things to do.
Confidential information: secret infor.
A security breach: secrets are no longer secret.
To authorized: to be allowed with permission.
Purge: get rid of something.
Retention: to keep something.
Recycleing bin: dispose but can be found again.
Shredded: to smash the documents into small pieces.
We get that honor: opposite.
Bonfire: large fire outdoors often causing damage around.

Time2   1'41
Time3   1'02
Time4   1'23
Time5   1'04
Time6   1'12

Obstacle   6'29
Cyber attack opens a new age and changes people's behaviour.
What the event bring to Sony Picture: cancel the film.
Other companies's views.
U.S govenment response.
Debate: red line and attribution.

KaterinaTse

Speaker
The attitude about a man and a woman of dealing with their sorting work.And explantion about the dialogue.

Time 2
2'21'45 Talks about Obama's attitude about the North Korean film and Obama points out that they need to develop clearer rules to deal with such International attacks.

Time 3
2'17'98 Sony Picutres Entertainment is helpless about to cancel the film for no cinemas dare to screen it.They still hope to release it online.Obama decleared his attitude towards these attacks.

Time 4
2'00'81 Obama hold his optimistc attitude towards America's change.And he thinks it is a breakthrough for U.S.He cease the longest war in American history.

Time 5
2'01'78 Obama makes his promise to help Americans deal with many problems in life.He want to drag his billing to continue his work.Though other parties don't believe that it will happen all.Obama still believe he can deal with the problem of racial gaps.

Time 6
2'09'92 Even though Obama says it becomes better about the racial problems, there are still many little citis existing such problems.And people didn't think Obama did good enough while dealing with the black yong guy and white policeman's accident.

Obstacle
7'28'04 It may be the dawn of a new age of cyberwarfare.It reflects many problems and points out that maby many other institutions can be attacked.And it will lead to many problems.Untill now no one can sure who make this event happen and what is the purpose.Should American government help Sony company?

wensd1111

1 A 01:48
2 A 01:34
3 A 01:28
4 A 01:42
5 A 01:33
6 A 05:43
cyber attack is evloved into new forms, sony's film was postphoned. But this is not the first of this kind. Under serious syber attack, every industry might suffer. The need to tack and regulation syber activities.