【Native Speaker每日综合训练—44系列】【44-14】文史哲

MAGGIEHE1993

内容：MAGGIEHE1993 编辑： MAGGIEHE1993

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Part I: Speaker

Ruth: I’m really glad you’re getting so much support from the public. Look at all of these bags of fan mail.
Carl: Only about half of that is fan mail. The rest is hate mail.
Ruth: Hate mail? Who would send you hate mail?
Carl: Lots of people. People who are disgruntled write to me about their grievances.
Ruth: Really?
Carl: Don’t look so surprised. We’ve gotten bomb threats, and I’ve even received a few death threats.
Ruth: Death threats?! Aren’t you worried about your personal safety?
Carl: Not really. Most people are just venting and others are trying to intimidate me. I’m not going to buckle under just because I get a few letters.
Ruth: But it only takes one mentally unbalanced person to carry through on threats. Have you considered getting a bodyguard?
Carl: No, I don’t need any protection. I just need to keep plugging away and getting things done.
Ruth: I finally know what to get you for your birthday.
Carl: What?
Ruth: A bulletproof vest.
Source: ESLpod
http://www.eslpod.com/website/show_podcast.php?issue_id=15899059
[Rephrase1, 15:36 ]

MAGGIEHE1993

Part II: Speed

Why Germans Want to Change the Subject
They’d rather debate the future of processed food than acknowledge Putin’s military aggression.
[Time 2]
BERLIN—Far away from the main events—the balloons, the speeches, and the 25th anniversary celebrations of the fall of the Wall—last weekend I joined a panel discussion about the future of Europe, as one does so often in Germany. Asked to say a few words about “threats to the West,” I spoke about the relative weakness of NATO, about the failures of European foreign policy, about Russia’s use of money and disinformation to divide Europe and the United States.

These are all subjects that many outside Germany now debate quite often. The crowd and the other panelists nodded—and then almost immediately changed the subject. Instead of NATO, the German audience wanted to discuss genetically modified food and chickens washed in chlorinated water. If the trans-Atlantic trade treaty now under negotiation is ever passed, many speakers said they feared that these things might be forced upon German citizens by American corporations. That, to them, was the greatest threat to the Western alliance.

It made for a stark contrast. Over by the Brandenburg Gate, Angela Merkel was acting like the major world figure that everybody outside of Germany assumes her to be. Alongside the mayor of Berlin, the chancellor congratulated Germans on the role they had played in the peaceful, democratic revolutions of 1989—those events that prove “we can change things for the better”—and expressed the hope that others in Syria, Ukraine, and elsewhere would one day enjoy the same transformation.

It’s a lot easier to stop chlorinated chickens than it is to stop the Kremlin.
A few days later, Merkel returned, once again, to her role as the West's chief negotiator with Russia. Since late last spring, Germany—not the European Union, and certainly not the United States—has convened all of the important meetings, pushed through sanctions, and conducted most of the diplomacy designed to allow Russian President Vladimir Putin to “de-escalate,” or to “give him an off ramp,” or whatever formulation is currently fashionable. Although it isn’t clear that this diplomatic effort has borne any fruit, no one doubts that Germany has played a central role and will continue to do so.
[358words]

[Time 3]
No one doubts it—except, of course, the Germans. As the United States began to play a greater world role in the mid-20th century, a class of politicians, civil servants, and journalists emerged who were willing to think about the world, act in it, and write about it. No parallel class has yet emerged in Germany, a country that would prefer not to lead, thank you very much. My panel was just an insignificant example, but when I described the experience to a range of people, almost all nodded in agreement. “When I think of politics,” a German friend told me, “I think about my neighborhood, street lights, construction permits. Not foreign countries.” Of course Germans want to talk about the grave threat posed by trans-Atlantic trade, another Berliner told me: It’s a lot easier to stop chlorinated chickens than it is to stop the Kremlin.
        
This national dislike of grand strategy is reflected in opinion polls. Support for sanctions against Russia—the policy Merkel has pushed hard—was quite low in Germany until the Malaysia Airlines crash gave the policy an emotional lift. Even now, the support for a “greater world role for Germany” is higher than it used to be, but still not overwhelming. More than half oppose the suggestion that NATO should move some of its bases to the eastern edge of the alliance, where they might actually help deter Russian aggression.

Merkel and her Cabinet are now caught in an odd trap. France and Italy are struggling to fix their weak economies. Britain is struggling to decide whether it wants to stay in Europe at all. There isn’t a strong EU foreign policy, in part because Germany hasn’t wanted to create one. This makes Merkel the de facto spokeswoman for Europe—as well as the chancellor of a Germany that doesn't want to be the spokesman for anything. How long can that paradox last?
[318words]
Source: Slate
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/foreigners/2014/11/germans_want_to_ignore_putin_s_aggression_they_aren_t_ready_for_germany.html

A War or a Skirmish?
Liberals and conservatives are overplaying the significance of Obama’s action on immigration.
[Time 4]
President Obama is reportedly putting the final touches on a plan to shield as many as 5 million unauthorized immigrants from deportation. An official announcement of his long-promised plan may come as soon as Sunday, or the president could wait until after Congress passes legislation in early December to keep the government running. Either way, the White House says, an executive overhaul of the nation’s immigration system is coming this year.

This is a big deal. While we don’t yet know how many people who will be directly affected by his executive actions, it’s expected to exceed the 1.5 million covered by the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, which the president created in 2012 to allow so-called Dreamers to apply for work permits and reprieves from deportation. If Obama goes as big as his advisers have suggested, his executive orders could cover nearly half of the estimated 11.7 million immigrants currently living in the country without authorization.

This will also be a huge deal politically. Republicans have already, to varying degrees, threatened to shut down the government to block the reforms.  Democrats, meanwhile, are openly fantasizing about how this immigration overhaul could add a whole lot of blue to the electoral map in 2016 and beyond.

But given all the hype you’ll hear from the left and the right—both of which have plenty of motivation to paint the president’s move as either extraordinary (Democrats) or extralegal (Republicans)—it’s important to remember that the bulk of Obama’s actions will be temporary. There’s no guarantee that they’ll remain in place after he leaves office in two years. What happens after that will be in the hands of the next president.

Here’s what we know based on the rough sketch the administration has already provided to the New York Times and the Associated Press. The most sweeping action the president will likely take is to extend DACA-like reprieves to particular groups of unauthorized immigrants, the largest of which will probably be parents of children who are U.S. citizens or permanent residents. Such a reprieve would temporarily protect them from the threat of deportation, but it wouldn’t remove that threat forever. Despite what conservatives are suggesting with their talk of “executive amnesty,” the president doesn’t have the unilateral power to make someone a U.S. citizen or permanent legal resident. As Gregory Chen, the advocacy director for the American Immigration Lawyers Association, explained to the Center for American Progress this summer: “[Obama] can't simply say, ‘I'm going to change the criteria for a green card and give it to people I think should be eligible, such as someone who has lived here for five years and is contributing well to the community.’ ”
[451 words]

[Time 5]
Like DACA, Obama’s forthcoming plan will be based on “prosecutorial discretion,” which affords a president plenty of wiggle room to decide how he wants to enforce the laws that are on the books. While such a move is supported by plenty of legal precedent, it’s also fleeting by nature. Once Obama leaves office, that prosecutorial discretion will fall to his successor, be that President Hillary Clinton, President Chris Christie, or anyone else.

There is one group for whom Obama’s actions could have a more lasting impact: those unauthorized immigrants whose spouses are U.S. citizens or legal residents. Most people in that group are technically eligible to apply for a green card already, but only if they first leave the country and wait out what’s typically a lengthy separation from their family. Obama could offer what is known as “parole in place” to that group, allowing them to stay in the country legally while the green card process plays out. He did a similar thing last November for undocumented individuals with immediate family members serving in the U.S. military. Anyone who has a green card in hand before the president leaves office in early 2017 wouldn’t have to worry about losing it if the next president changes course.

The number of immigrants who fall in that category, however, is much smaller than those in the category of parents of children who are U.S. citizens or permanent residents. According to the Migration Policy Institute, there are approximately 1.5 million unauthorized spouses of U.S. citizens or permanent residents, compared to 3.6 million parents.

All of which is to say that, yes, Obama’s forthcoming announcement will be incredibly important to a huge number of people. It will affect millions of immigrants directly and millions more indirectly, and it will also set a precedent that the next president will have to grapple with. But as the Washington hype machine kicks into high gear over the next several weeks, keep in mind that the bulk of Obama’s moves will not be permanent ones. Real, lasting change to our immigration policy can come only from Congress. The president has already told lawmakers that. The problem, though, is they appear in no hurry to listen.
[367 words]
Source: Slate
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2014/11/obama_immigration_liberals_and_conservatives_are_overplaying_the_significance.html

The Obama Administration’s Biggest Human Rights Success Story Isn’t Looking So Great Now
[Time 6]
It’s getting harder for the Obama administration to point to concrete foreign policy successes. (Not doing “stupid shit,” in the words of the president, may indeed be an accomplishment, but it’s hard to take credit for things you didn’t do.) And many of the potential successes it can point to—the ongoing Iran nuclear negotiations, the removal of Bashar al-Assad’s chemical weapons, the promising early days of the Russia “reset” before that took a very unfortunate turn—involved looking the other way on some pretty egregious human rights abuses. During this week’s summit in Beijing, the White House’s previous efforts to reach out to the Chinese public have, the New York Times reports, been abandoned in favor of a more leader-centric approach.

When it comes to democracy and rights-promotion success stories, the White House could until recently point to Myanmar, also known as Burma, where the president will arrive tomorrow. Obama’s last visit to the country, in 2012, was indeed a historic opening to a place that had spent years as a North Korea-like pariah. In exchange for some sanctions relief, Myanmar’s military leaders allowed landmark elections in 2012 in which longtime democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi was elected to parliament. The government also agreed to review the status of a number of political prisoners and agreed to nuclear inspections.

In a speech at West Point last May, Obama touted the country’s progress, saying, “Thanks to the enormous courage of the people in that country, and because we took the diplomatic initiative, American leadership, we have seen political reforms opening a once closed society.” If Myanmar’s reforms succeed, he concluded, “We will have gained a new partner without having fired a shot.”

Things look a bit different now. Tens of thousands of Rohingya Muslims in the country’s west are being held in camps where a U.N. official recently described conditions as containing an “element of genocide,” and the country’s parliament is considering new restrictions on freedom of religion. Myanmar has fallen short on a number of the key reforms that were promised during Obama’s last visit. Despite promises to open up competition for the presidency, a parliamentary committee last June voted against changing a law that bars Aung San Suu Kyi from running.

And even she, the Nobel Prize laureate and world-famous activist whom Obama will once again meet with on his trip, has disappointed many of her international admirers with her silence on the plight of the Rohingya. “The lady” is, after all, a politician now, and one whose grasp on power is looking ever more tenuous.

Given that Washington is already pivoting to 2016 politics, Myanmar’s backsliding also doesn’t look great for Hillary Clinton, who, in 2011, was the first senior U.S. official to visit Myanmar in 50 years. The “one clear-cut triumph” of her tenure as secretary of state doesn’t look so clear-cut anymore.

Of course, the story isn’t over. Myanmar’s path to reform was inevitably going to be bumpy, and Obama will no doubt address its recent backsliding during his visit (as he’s being widely urged to do). And even if the process is a disappointment, that doesn’t mean it wasn’t worth trying.

But one of this White House’s signature foreign policy success stories—and one of the very few involving democracy or human rights—is looking pretty shaky at the moment.
[557 words]
Source: Slate
http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_world_/2014/11/11/obama_s_visit_to_burma_the_administration_s_one_human_rights_success_story.html

MAGGIEHE1993

Part III: Obstacle

Double Jeopardy
In Alabama, a judge can override a jury that spares a murderer from the death penalty.
[Paraphrase 7]
Barnes hot-wired a Buick LeSabre, and, with Jackson driving, they picked up Barnes’s friends Poochie Williams and Scooter Rudolph. All had been drinking or smoking weed, and they were armed: Jackson had a .380-calibre handgun, Barnes had a .357, Rudolph had a 9-millimetre, and Williams had a shotgun. Cocomo could not be found, but at around 11 P.M. a small-time drug dealer named Lefrick Moore rolled past in a red Chevrolet Caprice with a booming and clearly expensive stereo system.

Jackson followed the Caprice onto a service road, sped past, and cut it off, forcing it to a stop. Guns began firing. Moore sprang from the Caprice; he was hit once, in the chest, but he attempted to run away. His friend Gerard Burdette, who was in the passenger seat, headed in the opposite direction. “No need in you running now, motherfucker!” Jackson allegedly yelled while firing his weapon.

Burdette escaped, but Moore collapsed in the street and died. Jackson and Rudolph fled in the Buick. Williams and Barnes took the Caprice, ripped out its stereo, then ditched the car in a pasture on the edge of town. After Williams showed Barnes a .380 that he said he’d found in the Caprice, they stashed their weapons in the woods and walked home. The next morning, Barnes and Jackson went to strip the vehicle, but they were run off by a farmer who had come to the pasture to feed his hogs.

Investigators had little evidence to work with: the spent casing of a single Mag Tech .380 bullet, shattered automobile glass, the fatal projectile in Moore’s heart. But two days later Barnes turned himself in, giving a “full confession,” according to a detective’s sworn affidavit, and naming Williams, Rudolph, and Jackson as accomplices. The next day, Williams and Rudolph surrendered.

The three suspects in custody identified Jackson as the sole shooter. The police went looking for him at the apartment where his mother, Marilyn, lived with his two sisters, Wanda and LaQuanda. Jackson sometimes stopped by with food or money, but mostly he stayed at Trenholm Court, a housing project on the north side of town. He had grown up there and had been reluctant to leave after his mother was evicted and moved to the west side. (“The west side got Bloods—they wear red,” Wanda told me. “On the north side, the Crips, they do blue and black. Shon affiliated with the blue and socialized with the black.”)

Jackson had started “holding” for drug dealers at Trenholm at the age of twelve. He dropped out of school in the eighth grade, and spent a year in juvenile lockup after helping to assault and rob a guy who, he claimed, had beat up a friend’s sister. He was currently on probation for participating in a break-in at a pawnshop. On the street, he went by Wendell—his father’s middle name. Tall and solid, with round cheeks and a bright smile, he had a deep voice and kept his hair cut low; his left forearm bore an amateur tattoo of an “S,” which his father had inked, years earlier, with a needle and thread.

Marilyn consented to an apartment search. After investigators confiscated a box of .380-calibre Mag Tech ammunition from a bedroom closet, she called Jackson and urged him to talk to the police. Together they went to the station.

It was just after two o’clock in the afternoon, and his mother says that he had been smoking marijuana. At first, Jackson denied knowing Barnes, Williams, and Rudolph. Then a detective told him that his fingerprints had been found on a Dairy Queen cup in the stolen Buick. This was a lie, but it had its intended effect: Jackson eventually admitted that he had run Moore off the road. But, he added, “I ain’t kill no one.” His account of the incident is much different: he says that gunfire flew from all directions, including from Moore’s passenger, Burdette, who started shooting after Williams fired the shotgun into the air.

All four defendants were charged with capital murder—an intentional killing accompanied by another felony. In order to secure the death penalty, the state would have to prove that the defendants had intentionally killed Moore while robbing him.

Jackson went to trial first. He knew his co-defendants in passing, but hung out with a different crowd, and insisted that they had turned on him to save themselves. (After testifying against Jackson, all three pleaded guilty to lesser offenses, with the understanding that their lives would be spared.)

The prosecutors’ case rested overwhelmingly on the co-defendants’ story. Investigators could not definitively connect the spent casing to the fatal projectile, and the only link that prosecutors could establish between the casing and the ammunition confiscated at Marilyn’s apartment was the Mag Tech brand name. (The ammo box yielded no viable fingerprints; Jackson’s mother and sisters told me it had long been in the apartment and belonged to Jackson’s father, who had been in and out of jail for years.) The state’s ballistics expert eventually testified that the lethal bullet could have been fired from three types of gun present on the night of the crime: a .380, a .357, or a 9-millimetre. Hours after the shooting, the central eyewitness—Moore’s friend Burdette—told the police that multiple people had fired guns from the Buick.

The only other principal eyewitness not facing the death penalty was a truck driver who worked at a chicken-processing plant across the road from the crime scene. After the cars collided, he saw flashes of gunfire on the driver’s side of the Buick; he heard a boom and several pops. He had observed the quickly unfolding action from inside his truck, about sixty-five yards away, on the other side of a chain-link fence. It was late at night, and the street light nearest the crime scene was out.

The D.A.’s office, possibly foreseeing the difficulty of proving guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, offered Jackson a plea bargain: life in prison without the possibility of parole. With the death penalty on the table, he should have taken the deal. But Jackson declined.
[1023 words]
Source: New Yorker
http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/11/17/double-jeopardy-3

猫小雯雯

T2:3.30s
Russia use money to divide US and Europe
people are afraid that if Atlantic trade is signed , GE food will pour into Europe from US
the president of Germany said they do changes for better.
it is not easy to deal with the military of Russia
the diplomatic fruit is not clear now ,but Germant contribute to do it
T2:2.20S
Germany is not a country wanting great power to control the world
german reponse little to the limitation to Russia
Merker contributed to bulid a strong German but still not a overwhelming one
Fance and Italy are busy with economy depression ,and England is thinking what she wants in europe.
Europe do not have strong policy partly because German.
T3:3.27s
there is a immigration system which Obama tried to put forward in US
DACA is a program that make immigrants with anthorize
but repulicans are blocking the program while democrats are not understanding how to realize it
T4:3.04s
president has the right to present his ideas about the law ,but once he left the office ,his effort will not be pushed
by his successor.
his plan has a lasting effect on immigrants whose spouse is native
there are a great number of people who will benefit from this law
however ,this depends on congression,but it does not listen to the president
T5:5.03s
it is harder for us in human rights area,some information about the conference with north Korea
if the talking is satisfying ,US will have a partnership without shooting
some information about muslims about i do not quite understand
she also let people disappointed ....
T6:7.01s
a research about a rob and killing.Jackon and B and W and R,other three people said that Jackon shoot but he himself
denied and said others did ,there is no useful witness because it was late at night and outside the road
Jackon is faced with two choices.

古月小破烂

speak
one people get mail from both fan and who hates him. He got death threat letter also but he is calm and his friend worried about him.
time 2 1’34
time 3 1’46
about the failures of European foreign policy and so on. the problem about food and chickens.
Germany play a central role. support for a sanctions against Russian.
time 4 2’33
time 5 1’52
  new immigration policy system is coming out and it may protect some unauthorized immigrants, but not forever, it depend on two years later’s president.
time 6 2’25
  to concrete foreign policy successes is getting hard.
obstacle  3’ 52
  story about Jackson and his three fiends rob and killing people. also story about their own

cyndichiang

Speaker
threat: hurt or harm warning to prevent people from doing sth
vent: express one's frustration and disatisfaction
intimidate: make people fear
buckle under:you agree to do but you don't want to do
plug away.continue doing sth that has to be done
The man received emails-half are from fan while half are threat mails, but he was not surprised and he didn't adopt the suggetion fron the woman that to hirea bodyguard. Then the woman wanted to give him bullet vest for birthday present

Obstacle 6'29''
A gun murder case : 3 defenders were sued and Jackson was the murder who was betrayed by the other two
In this case, because of a reasonable doubt,J was offered the life in prison instead of penalty of death

HaiqingYU

Thanks for sharing!
02:23->
01:59-> German are't interest in leading the world; the embarrassed situation of Germany in Europe.
02:35->Obama decided to launch a plan that will protect the actual unauthorized workers;
            The left and right se divide about the plan;
             the content of the plan.
01:51->the bulk of Obama may fall to his successor;
           How the plan cover the illegal habitat whose spouse has the green card.
03:08->the democracy reform in Bourma doesn't carry on as US expected.
06:12

apooolo

1# 358-2'34-143wmp
Germany has done something to make the world better. Something Germany concerned, including food, Russia. make the world better. worry about Russia, and the relationship between Russia and the west countries.
2# 318-2'25-138wmp
Germay agrees America has played a more and more important role in the world. Russia makes Germany people concerned. Germany should stand out and do more. Because other EU countries are busy with domestic issues.
3# 451-3'35-127wmp
obama is pushing a policy that some unauthorized immigration will get permission to live in US legally. Then some details of the procedure. then some people do not agree with the way.
4# 367-2'55-123wmp
what's the influence of obama's policy? millions of spouse and parents will be affected. something about the green card. they don't have to worry before 2017. the next president have to
grapple with. the article analyze what will happen in the future.
5# 557-4'21-129wmp
Obama will visit Mymmar soon. What America has done to promote the reform of Mymmar. But until now, the situation is still poor. The article analyzes the ins and outs of Hillton and Obama's trying on Mymmar issue. The article says the political situation of Ann San Sun Jiyii. The move is worth trying.
6# 1023-6'59-146
the ins and outs of a crime. several shot a person but they received different results. how the police investigate the crime. what's the two witnesses said. three co-defendants betrayed Jackson. Jackson was sentenced to death or live in jail without parole.  He may be choose to die.

yatina

Time 2+3
subjects --> stop Russ
    diff, cos P: politics domestic than world
push G-->spoke for Euro

NATO: north atlantic treaty organization
“give him an off ramp,”


Time 4+5
Obama carry on a new immigration systerm, affecting a huge number of people, especially one group who is unauthorized immigrates. Some think it is temporary because he only get two years left.

prosecutorial discretion  检控裁量权


Time 6
Obama Administration's foreign politics may not look a success.
eg: Iran unclear event, Russia events, etc.
Myanmar military: hopefully a new partner, but not. Because its reform.

Myanmar 缅甸


Obstacle
Four people, B, J, PW and SR, involved in a criminal case including murder, robbery and rape, are facing prison life and death penalty.

TVXQashley

time2 2'01
time3 1'45
time4 2'41
time5 2'03
time6 3'15

obstacle 5'43

14/11/16