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[阅读小分队] 【Native Speaker每日综合训练】 【40-C】 一周精选 - Mouse Avatar

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发表于 2014-8-20 22:39:57 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
本期选文来自本期选文来自 AceJ 的40-14 越障部分,阿凡达不再只是电影里的东西啦,美帝又再一次成为了人类的希望--老鼠阿凡达,Let's get start it.

原文链接:http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-915729-1-1.html



A mouse with the same cancer as you

At a laboratory in Baltimore, hairless mice kept in racks of plastic crates are labelled with yellow cards, each identifying a person fighting cancer. These mice are cancer “avatars”—the lumpy tumors visible under their skin come from actual patients.

大家脑补一副这样的画面:在一个实验室,有一堆贴着黄色标签的无毛老鼠,黄色标签上写着某某某,几几年几月几号。。。(可能还会有其他的信息),他们身上一块一块的肿瘤清晰可见。想想都有点害怕,但是,请将思绪瞬间转至高大上,这不是一般的老鼠,他们是老鼠阿凡达!!

The animals serve as personalized, living test tubes. Each mouse will eventually be treated with a different drug and its tumors measured. Results showing which medicine worked best will be sent back to a doctor trying to treat a difficult cancer case.

老鼠阿凡达就是一个服务私人的活体试管。它们身上的肿瘤都是移植自某一位癌症患者,通过观察不同的药物在老鼠身上的效果来给对应的患者选择最合适的治疗。这岂止是高大上啊,简直是逆天的思路啊。体外治疗,美帝再一次成为人类的希望。

The technology is a twist on personalized medicine that’s being developed by Champions Oncology. The company, based in New Jersey and Maryland, has started offering mouse avatars directly to patients, at a cost of $10,000 to $12,000. Insurance companies don’t yet pay for the technology, which remains experimental.

这么高大上的服务来自一家叫Champions Oncology的公司,名字起的相当直接,“冠军肿瘤学”。老鼠阿凡达每只收费12000刀。据可靠消息,保险公司尚未介入此项业务。

In the service Champions is selling, doctors first remove a piece of a patient’s tumor during a surgery or biopsy. Then they ship it to the company, where it gets grafted under the skin of an immune-deficient mouse. Because the rodents have impaired defenses, the human tumor is able to grow. Parts of it can be removed and implanted in additional mice.

这一段估计一般是大家最不喜欢读的,因为它讲的是原理和流程。但我感觉GMAT文章恰恰是非常喜欢这样的描述的,因为这里面会体现出很强的逻辑性。当然这里的描述并不是太难,不过我们还是一**来看下。第一步,通过手术或者活组织切片,医生将患者的肿瘤取一小片出来。第二步,寄给公司(估计是专业的物流吧。。。);第三步,移植进免疫缺陷的老鼠体内。这里作者用了“where”来描述,AWA又学会一招有没有。另外还有一个会影响对文章理解的词,graft: v, to take a piece of bone, skin, etc. from one part of the body and attach it to a damaged part
Because… able to grow,因为啮齿类动物有受损的免疫系统。这样的话大家如果在做RC时一定要非常非常注意,因为这是肿瘤能在老鼠体内生长的前提条件,不用我说相信大家都知道文章里这样的地方是多么容易出题。


The data from the avatars is potentially life-saving, since the choice of what drug to give a cancer patient is often made by guesswork or trial and error. “Generally, the drugs we give to patients are more likely to not work than to work,” says Justin Stebbing, an oncologist at the Imperial College London, who has been involved in medical studies of Champions’s technology. The results from the personalized mice, he says, “give patients an additional layer of confidence.”

Cancer avatars are part of a wider effort to carry out experiments on people’s tumors outside their bodies. Some researchers have created fruit flies that share the same gene mutations patients have. Another technology, still in development, looks to capture floating tumor cells from a person’s bloodstream, then grow and test them in culture dishes (see “A Laboratory for Rare Cells Sheds Light on Cancer”). Still further out, scientists have plans to grow mini-organs, complete with an immune system that matches the patient’s (see “Building an Organ on a Chip”).

在介绍完了老鼠阿凡达是什么以及原理之后,当然就是要说一下效果以及其他同类型的治疗方法啦。因为以前对癌症的治疗都是猜测,老鼠阿凡达自然领先很多。同类型的方法还有果蝇阿凡达,肿瘤细胞打捞法以及人工迷你器官等等。我擦,我大天朝的跳大神,气功术和绿豆包治百病等无数领先世界几百个世纪的神术竟然被忽略了,不开心。。

Don Ingber, director of the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, says these outside-the-body approaches face some similar challenges. For one, cancer cells vary so much that it’s not certain the tumor in the mouse is the same as the one in the person. What’s more, the immune system is closely involved in the body’s response to cancer, but these mice lack one. “I think the real issue is that it’s still a mouse,” he says.

我之前说科技文是特别有规律的,比如先扬后抑,比如小白鼠,这里再总结一个:一定会引用相关人士的看法,而且大多是80%支持,20%担忧。不过这里Don直接表达了担忧:癌细胞毕竟还是会有不同的嘛,而且它终究是一只老鼠。文字意思不难理解,但如果这里出一道问题:请问Don对老鼠阿凡达的态度是:A 吐槽;B 赞同;C 认同但表示担忧。你会选哪个呀 (我出选项的能力只能是这样了,但大家千万不要低估了GMAC那帮老家伙出题的能力啊。。)

Champions, founded in 2007, has successfully grown tumors from more than 350 patients, says company president Ronnie Morris. In June, the company said it would collaborate with the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, in New York, to create mouse avatars for an additional 100 breast cancer patients. “On the whole, it seems to yield very convincing data that’s predictive, so it tells you what treatment is going to work ahead of giving these expensive and toxic drugs,” says Stebbing, who has tried the technology with patients suffering from rare or unusual cancers.

Not every graft works. In about 30 percent of cases, Champions hasn’t been able to grow a patient’s tumor in mice. But the biggest limitation to cancer avatars is that tumors grow at about the same speed in a mouse as in a person. That means the avatars won’t be helpful for patients who need to be treated quickly, as is often the case. Morris says it takes four to six months to grow the tumors, treat the mice, and send doctors a report.

In a study Stebbing published in April in the journal Cancer, for instance, Champions created avatars for 22 patients with advanced sarcoma. But nine of the patients died before the results were ready. “Within a couple of months after their surgery or biopsy, they get chemotherapy and they pass away,” says Morris. “We build the avatar, but the patient can’t use it.”

最后三段还是采用了让步的手法,公司下一步的计划是什么,以及该方法目前存在的最大挑战是什么。内容比较简单就不直接复述了。想说的是这样的写作手法,全面且客观的描述了一项新鲜事物的同时,又引发了大家的思考:有没有办法让肿瘤在老鼠体内生长的更快呢?如果你想出来了,或许你就是下一个比尔盖茨哦。不得不赞叹一下这种思路,既专业,又可以培养下一代。





今天之所以选这篇文章,不是因为英文有多难,而是我觉得内容很有知识型,所以希望挑出来让大家仔细回味一下目前国外先进的一些医疗方法。同时,也可以吐槽一下国内的所谓神医,救星等。
欢迎大家回帖说说看《你所听过的江湖医疗骗术》


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发表于 2014-8-20 23:03:58 | 显示全部楼层
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
发表于 2014-8-21 08:02:46 | 显示全部楼层
请问一周精华~是说今天的任务是看这个不用进行训练嘛
发表于 2014-8-21 09:56:25 | 显示全部楼层
感谢AceJ的帖子,这篇文章我昨天读的时候就觉得超棒,看了你的解释,更加认为你找的这文章简直绝了~
说两个我知道的天朝保健大法:

1、醋泡鸡蛋!!!
       生鸡蛋连壳洗干净直接放在醋里泡,直到醋把壳溶解,整个液体变成稠稠的,每天早上半杯这种液体。说是提高免疫力,包治百病!
家里爸妈正在尝试,还招呼我一起养生,我尝了一口,额,我宁愿公园里多跑两圈~~
2、松针茶!!!
      做法很简单,山上的松针摘回家,洗净,放在开水里煮沸,每天当茶喝,据说也是强身健体,包治百病!
我不懂生物也不懂药理,百度百科两种养生方法,貌似只要注意食品卫生对身体没什么坏处,我也就没反对,就当给他们一个精神寄托吧~
最后作为健康向上有知识有文化的新世纪青年,表示就算养生偏方再好也比不上我生活规律饮食健康没事出去跑两圈。
发表于 2014-8-21 21:07:12 | 显示全部楼层
mengzj 发表于 2014-8-21 08:02
请问一周精华~是说今天的任务是看这个不用进行训练嘛

同问!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
发表于 2014-8-21 21:45:46 | 显示全部楼层
风随心动01 发表于 2014-8-21 09:56
感谢AceJ的帖子,这篇文章我昨天读的时候就觉得超棒,看了你的解释,更加认为你找的这文章简直绝了~
说两个 ...

哈哈心动你好萌
发表于 2014-8-21 22:02:31 | 显示全部楼层
本来读这个题目多少有些不开心,小耗子嘛,有生命的,是为人类造了非常大的福分。不过AceJ,你的讲解太到位了,看完有开心,有对人类的医疗事业充满了希望,又联系阅读题,佩服!

江湖医疗骗术,因为一般不轻易信这些,所以没做过啥出格的事儿。。不过根据八宝茶原理,我的茶水里面内容非常丰富,看的印度同事的下巴要掉下来了,他从来没敢尝过:)
发表于 2014-8-22 14:10:28 | 显示全部楼层
感谢AceJ的完美解读 真是生动有趣!~ 本来前两天阅读被打击到不想再看。。。现在开始重拾信心跟上来!
发表于 2014-8-22 14:11:44 | 显示全部楼层
mengzj 发表于 2014-8-21 08:02
请问一周精华~是说今天的任务是看这个不用进行训练嘛

对对 每周AceJ会给我们解读一篇文章 我们就跟着Ace好好把这篇文章吃透就好了 也算是一周的缓冲阶段~
 楼主| 发表于 2014-8-27 19:48:11 | 显示全部楼层
mengzj 发表于 2014-8-21 08:02
请问一周精华~是说今天的任务是看这个不用进行训练嘛

是这样的,每周三是温故而知新日(放假日)
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