【Native Speaker每日综合训练—34系列】【34-16】文史哲

枣糕兔

Stay tuned for our latest post, follow us here ---> http://weibo.com/u/3476904471

Part I: Speaker

The curly fry conundrum:

Why social media “likes” say more than you might think

[Rephrase 1]

[Dialog: 09'55]

Transcript:

Source: TED talk
http://www.ted.com/talks/jennifer_golbeck_the_curly_fry_conundrum_why_social_media_likes_say_more_than_you_might_think#t-221673

枣糕兔

Part II: Speed

If Brendan Eich’s employment should be protected, shouldn’t everyone’s?

Photo-illustration by Juliana Jimenez Jaramillo. Photo courtesy Darcy Padilla/Mozilla Foundation

Why Are Conservatives Only Interested in Defending Mozilla’s Brendan Eich?

Jamelle Bouie

[Time 2]
The Internet is currently worked up over the resignation of Mozilla CEO Brendan Eich, who left the company on Thursday following controversy over his support for Proposition 8 in 2008. As my colleague Will Oremus explains, Eich had given $1,000 to the anti-gay marriage campaign, which sparked a minor controversy when it surfaced in 2012, but didn’t affect his standing at the company, where he served as chief technical officer. After he was named CEO, however, this changed, and he was forced out by a combination of internal unrest and public condemnation.

Defenders of the outcome say that it’s a question of public morality; opposition to same-sex marriage is the same as opposition to interracial marriage, and that both are unacceptable opinions for people leading public companies. Critics, on the other hand, see Eich’s forced resignation as a chilling attack on free speech. Writing on his website, Andrew Sullivan calls it a “hounding” and wonders, “Will [Eich] now be forced to walk through the streets in shame?”

National Review takes its outrage even further: “The nation’s full-time gay-rights professionals simply will not rest until a homogeneous and stultifying monoculture is settled upon the land, and if that means deploying a ridiculous lynch mob to pronounce anathema upon a California technology executive for private views acted on in his private life, then so be it.”
[238 words]

[Time 3]
Eich is just the highest profile victim of a status quo that threatens countless workers.

Comparing Eich’s critics to a “lynch mob” is a bit much, especially given the actual violence gay people have faced for exercising their rights. Beyond that, it’s hard not to see some irony in these complaints, given National Review’s support of “religious freedom” laws in states like Arizona and Tennessee, and its broad view that the free market is sufficient to punish anti-gay businesses and business owners. The Mozilla situation seems emblematic of what conservatives want when it comes to the relationship between business, public opinion, and public sanction.

But let’s grant that Sullivan and the National Review are right. That Eich’s forced resignation is an attack on speech, and that this is an ugly bout of bullying against someone who hasn’t expressed his views in the context of his job. If that’s true, then Eich is just the highest profile victim of a status quo that threatens countless workers.

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act might protect workers from discrimination on the basis of their race, color, religion, sex, age, or national origin, but almost everything else is fair game for private employers who want to get rid of workers. Not only can you be fired for your political views—for sporting the wrong bumper sticker on your car, for instance—or for being “sexually irresistible” to your boss, but in most states (29, to be precise), you can be fired for your sexual orientation or gender identification, no questions asked.
[280 words]

[Time 4]
Overall, the large majority of Americans have at-will employment, which means that—outside of protected classes such as race or religion—they can be fired for any reason at all. For someone like Eich, this isn’t a huge deal: He will survive his brush with joblessness. The same can’t be said for millions of low-income workers who face termination lest they give their bosses their complete obedience.

For a taste of what this looks like, and if you’ve never worked a retail job, you should read former Politico reporter Joseph Williams on his time in a sporting goods store. For a pittance of a paycheck, he consented to constant searches, unpaid labor, and borderline wage theft. It’s a precarious existence, made worse by the fact that saying the wrong thing at the wrong time—either on the job or off it—could result in you losing your job, with no recourse.

And of course, employment discrimination against LGBT Americans is a real and ongoing problem. According to a 2011 report from the Center for American Progress, a liberal think tank, at least 15 percent of gay Americans have faced discrimination and harassment at the workplace on the basis of their orientation, and at least 8 percent report being passed over for a job or fired. A whopping 90 percent of transgender individuals report some sort of harassment on the job. It’s doesn’t minimize Eich’s situation (if you’re opposed to his resignation) to note that gay people are far more likely to face discrimination than opponents of same-sex marriage.
[278 words]

Source: Slate
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2014/04/mozilla_and_brendan_eich_s_resignation_why_don_t_conservatives_want_to_protect.html?wpisrc=burger_bar

Could Brad Pitt be the key to encouraging men to stand up against rape?

Photo by Joe Klamar/AFP/Getty Images

A Movie About Steubenville From a Male Perspective Is a Great Idea

Amanda Marcotte

[Time 5]
Plan B, Brad Pitt's production company that recently financed 12 Years a Slave, grabbed headlines this week with the news that it had purchased the film rights to the Rolling Stone article, "Anonymous Vs. Steubenville." Written by David Kushner, the piece chronicles the efforts of online activists, flying under the name Anonymous, to get justice for a high school rape victim in Steubenville, Ohio. The protagonists of the article are a bunch of young white men who were touched by this girl's suffering and angered by what they deemed a town cover-up of the crime, and set out to make things right.

You can see the appeal of this story from a Hollywood perspective: Young men go up against a football town to rescue a female rape victim. But Tara Culp-Ressler at ThinkProgress is not happy about the male-centric nature of the story and thinks it is typical of Hollywood's inability to do social justice stories any justice:

In a culture where rape survivors’ voices are often ignored, and women’s stories about their own lived experiences of sexual violence and oppression are constantly brought into question, it’s discouraging to envision a movie about one of the most famous rape cases in the country that places a “white knight” at the center. Although it’s likely not the intention of Plan B Entertainment, that framing choice ends up further obscuring the real women who are victimized by sexual assault.

[246 words]

[Time 6]
Usually, I would agree. Hollywood has a tendency to tell the stories of oppressed people not from their own points of view, but from the point of view of a privileged outsider who comes to the rescue. (The Help and Schindler's List come to mind.) That's why 12 Years a Slave was so essential—because it made an enslaved man the protagonist of a story about slavery, something that should seem like the obvious thing to do but is often not. And the Steubenville movie may end up being more of the same. But I'd like to withhold judgment until it comes out for this major reason: Rape is one of those issues where we desperately need white knights.

Rape is traditionally considered a "women's issue," but really it's more of a men's issue. Men commit nearly all rapes, even rapes of other men and boys. The phrase "rape culture" that feminists kick around describes, above all else, the way that sexual predators move about freely because other men don't stand up to them (or, in some cases, actively support them, as we see in the newest reports about the latest charges against Jameis Winston's teammates). Women can oppose rape until we're blue in the face, but as long as rapists can look at other men and see indifference or active support, they're going to remain emboldened.

Look, women can rescue themselves through political activism on nearly all feminist issues. Women got themselves the vote. But when it comes to sexual assault, we need more men to say, at the very least, "Dude, that is messed up." If this movie ends up showing young men a new model for masculinity, one where you stand up for a woman's right to safety instead of wallow in a "bros before hos" mentality, then I will consider it a win.
[308 words]

Source: Slate
http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2014/04/04/brad_pitt_s_plan_b_buys_the_rights_to_anonymous_vs_steubenville_a_male_centric.html

枣糕兔

Part III: Obstacle

Michael Peña portrays farmworker turned activist Cesar Chavez in a new biopic.

(Photo: © Copyright Pantelion Films 2013)

What the New Cesar Chavez Film Gets Wrong About the Labor Activist

——Despite the good intentions, the biopic misleads and distorts his role in the farm workers movement

Matt Garcia  |  April 2, 2014

Matt Garcia is the director of the School of Historical, Philosophical, and Religious Studies at Arizona State University. His most recent book, From the Jaws of Victory: The Triumph and Tragedy of Cesar Chavez and the Farm Worker Movement (University of California Press), won the Philip Taft Award for the Best Book in Labor History, 2013. He wrote this for Zocalo Public Square.

[Paraphrase 7]
Most great men have one. Malcolm X has one. Gandhi has one. Mandela got one last year. And now, Cesar Chavez has his.

The biographical film or “biopic”—like Cesar Chavez, which came out this past weekend—lends itself to the creation of legends. In the case of Chavez, the legend is complicated by the fact that his story did not exactly lead to the liberation of the people he represented. Great strides were made during the heyday of the farm workers movement—namely the first contracts for farm workers and a California law that recognized their right to unionize. But field workers today suffer indignities familiar to those who worked in rural California prior to Chavez starting a union in 1962.

These facts are not the concern of Diego Luna, the Mexican niño prodigio turned director of the new film. In a recent appearance at UCLA, Luna told his audience, "We have to send a message to the [film] industry that our stories have to be represented. And with the depth and the complexity they deserve."

Fair enough. As a Mexican American and a historian, I too long for dignified cinematic portrayals of Latinos—if for no other reason than to impart histories to my students that convey the struggles for equality our people have initiated. College professors can only show John Sayles’ terrific 1996 film Lone Star, about a Texas border town, so many times. 2011’s A Better Life, about an undocumented gardener in Los Angeles, is a welcome but all too rare addition to the genre.

Farm workers cheering in the new film about the life of Cesar Chavez. (Photo: © Copyright Pantelion Films 2013)

My yearnings, however, should not come at the expense of historical accuracy, as they do in Cesar Chavez. Having recently published a book on the United Farm Workers and Chavez, I could easily get very particular about the details. (Pointing out, for example, that Luna situates the 1973 picket-line murder of farm worker Juan de la Cruz prior to 1970.)

But in the new film, Luna’s omissions and alterations are really historical subversions and go well beyond the poetic license we should permit filmmakers. His interpretation, I suspect, is a product of his unsophisticated handling of U.S. identity politics. He rejects the multiethnic community that made up the farm workers movement in favor of a simplistic notion that Mexicans did all the work. Creating a hero comes at the expense of depicting an entire social movement.

The Filipino American National Historical Society has rightly come out against the film’s misrepresentation of labor leader Larry Itliong, and the erasure of others such as Philip Vera Cruz and Pete Velasco. They’ve also questioned Luna’s failure to acknowledge the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee--an organization made up largely of Filipinos--which initiated the 1965 grape strike. The strike functions as a turning point for the union’s formation in the film.

Similarly, any mention of white volunteers and organizers beyond Fred Ross, Cesar’s mentor, and Jerry Cohen, the talented leader of the UFW legal team, is absent. Several white ministers and students played a critical role in launching and sustaining the movement, including Reverend Jim Drake, who came up with the winning strategy of the boycott, not Chavez. As the film lumbers toward the epic signing of the first contracts in 1970, Luna’s most egregious distortion of history comes when he shows Chavez boarding a ship to London. In the film, the labor leader walks the wharf on the Thames River, lobbies dockworkers not to unload grapes, and appeals to consumers not to buy the fruit. Although this work actually happened, it was a young Jewish American volunteer, Elaine Elinson, who almost singlehandedly convinced the British and Scandinavian unions to keep the grapes out of Europe.

The film even fails to represent accurately the supporting cast of Mexican American activists in Cesar’s orbit. Gilbert Padilla, played by Yancey Arias, and Dolores Huerta, played by Rosario Dawson, come off as nothing more than a yes-man and yes-woman to Chavez when, in fact, they were distinguished organizers in their own right and effective innovators of new strategies, including the boycott. Only Helen Chavez, Cesar’s wife, is presented as a character with her own mind and story, a tribute to America Ferrera’s standout performance.

Leader of the Migrant Workers Union, Cesar Chavez speaking in 1970. (Photo: National Archives/Cornelius Keyes)

But the film probably does the greatest disservice to Cesar Chavez himself. The director opts out of the 1970s altogether, a period in which Chavez struggled with personal and professional demons, lost interest in organizing farm workers, and became invested in creating a community rather than solidifying gains made in the previous decade. Such a storyline would have done little to burnish his credentials as a civil and labor rights leader, but it would have made for a more dramatic and compelling film. More importantly, it would have made for a much more accurate portrait of the depth and complexity of the real man.These omissions reflect the limitations of the genre and the hero-making project of this film in particular. With rare exception, biopics elide complexity and avoid overt criticism of their subjects. This is why the most extraordinary and entertaining renditions of historical figures have often come via fictionalized characters, whether it be Orson Welles’ Charles Foster Kane based on William Randolph Hearst (Citizen Kane), Roman Polanski’s Noah Cross based on William Mulholland (Chinatown), or P. T. Anderson’s Daniel Plainview based on Edward Doheny (There Will Be Blood).

In fairness to Luna, Chavez was delivered to him with decades of historical baggage, thanks to hagiography and political stamps of approval from Robert Kennedy, Jerry Brown, and most recently, Barack Obama. Although new histories are now being written, including Miriam Pawel’s impressive biography, The Crusades of Cesar Chavez, it will take time for the public’s perception of the hero to catch up with the all-too-human Chavez. Sadly, Luna’s film does almost nothing to assist this move toward a new understanding of Cesar Chavez’s life and the successes and failures of the movement he led.
[1020 words]

Source: Smithsonian
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/what-new-cesar-chavez-film-gets-wrong-about-labor-activist-180950355/

疏离无罪

沙发~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Speaker: Web now is becoming an interacting place,especially after the emerge of social medial.Some companies can predict many aspects of people according to their social media,purchase data and behavior data.Users can not control their own data and don't know how to use them.But this does not mean that companies can use them without permission.Policies and laws should be set to protect comsumers.Although social medias say that users can control their own data.Their revenue model in which social medias make money by sharing data proves that they're lying.Users should be informed when their data are used.

01:33
The CEO of Mozilla was resigned this week because he gave money to the anti-gay marriage campaign.The defenders and critics both have their own idea on him.

01:27
Eich is just the highest profile victim of a status quo that threatens countless workers.Workers should not be fired for their political view or sexual view.But the truth is that this kind of thing always happen.

01:10
Majority of americans can be fired for any reason outside of the protected classes.Employment discrimination on LGBT is a real and ongoing problem in US.

01:29
A film company recently purchased a film right of an article about a famous real woman rape stroy.But the film plans to make from a male perspective,which is criticized by some people.

01:26
This action is common in Hollywood.But this perpective may be meaningful to some extent.Rape is always seen as women's issue.Actually man should also be involved.A white knight can be helpful in rape crimines.

05:04
This film is about the farm workers movement.Telling about the backgroud of the film.The film get wrong and failed in many aspects,but it does the greatest disservice to Cesar Chavez himself.
关于电影，无爱，没背景知识一点都看不进。。

小蘑菇开始打怪

我还在写昨天的作业！！
突然发现怎么这是17！！16在哪里！！！
-------------------
谢谢楼主！~

speaker:

people share things on the social network,Facebook is the biggest place

people do not know how social network work to make people communicate with each other

we are looking for some behavior that other people is doing now and follow them, so we post our thing on the internet

what kind of things you like can tell what kind of people you are

if you are smart, you will be friends with smart people, if you are young, you will make friends with young people

you can access to the data and control, people are the consumer of the product of Facebook

the work of the woman in the video is to help people better use the social network and if all people choose to hind their likes or things,no one or third part can access to the data

time2:1:54

E has ever supported the anti-gay marriage campaign, after his resignation from the company,some conservation arose about him

time3:1:54

even through some legislation has come up to protect the rights of some group of people, they still face some discrimination with no reason

E thought he is the highest profile victim of a status quo that threatens countless workers

time4:1:42

there are still large part of people face discrimination on their workplace because of their orientation

time5:1:32

plan B is a movie about the story of women raped

the movie may be made in the stand view of a outsider man,which may not be suitable for the taste of hollywood

time6:2:04

rape is a man issue in fact, if the movie could tell the story in the man view and tell men what thing is good, the movie is a huge success

time7:8:01

the new movie tells the story about farm workers movement

teacher who teach history tells his students that the movie film industry made is not so good and maybe a little misleading

some background information about the farm movement

the film can not help people get good understanding of the success or the failure of the farm movement the film depicts

xiaofan0205

这么晚你们也这么快！

Speaker:
Internet become a much more interactive place, so scientists can use the data to build models that can predict all sorts of hidden attributes and they might go forward to move some control back into the hands of users.

Time2: 1'35"
Time3: 1'40"
Time4: 1'42"
Mozilla CEO Brendan Eich left the company on Thursday following controversy over his support for Proposition 8 in 2008.
But Eich is just the highest profile victim of a status quo that threatens countless workers.
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act might protect workers from discrimination on the basis of their race, color, religion, sex, age, or national origin, but almost everything else is fair game for private employers who want to get rid of workers.
And of course, employment discrimination against LGBT Americans is a real and ongoing problem.

Time5: 1'39"
Time6: 1'59"
Anonymous Vs. Steubenville is a movie about a bunch of young white men to get justice for a high school rape victim in Steubenville.
Hollywood has a tendency to tell the stories of oppressed people not from their own points of view, but from the point of view of a privileged outsider who comes to the rescue. But Rape is one of those issues where we desperately need white knights.

MAGGIEHE1993

占。。。。。。。。越障跪了
--------------------------------------------------------
Speaker: The web has changed and became a more interactive place. The representative of social media, Facebook has 1.2
         billion users every month. The speaker is a scientist who can use the data provided on the social media to
         predict little patterns of behavior. The patterns or informations of people predicted include gender, religion
         and so on. Then the speaker uses the example of curly fries to illustrate why the predictions are possible. One
         of the famous theories is that people tend to be with people that are like them. But the goal of the speaker is
         not to make benefit of customers' data but to give them more control over their personal data.

time2: 1min 35"
       Mozilla CEO Brendan Eich was forced to resign because he had given $1,000 to the anti-gay marriage campaign.
time3: 1min 41"
       Eich is just the highest profile victim of a status quo that threatens countless workers.
time4: 1min 47"
       Gay people are far more likely to face discrimination than opponents of same-sex marriage.
time5: 1min 35"
time6: 1min 55"

Obstacle: 8min 09"
       The biographical film of Cesar Chavez, which came out this past weekend, lends itself to the creation of legends.
       The legend is complicated by the fact that his story did not exactly lead to the liberation of the people he represented.
       这方面的文史哲就是看不进去，也不知道怎么提高。。。。。很多知识都不知道。。。

菜农人民

Time2 2:03
Time3 2:48
Time4 2:40
Time5 2:33
Time6 2:55
Obstacle 7:11没读懂····

pennyz

首页啊，真难得。
1:46s
1:42s
1:25s

cherry6891

占坑~~~~~~~~~

Obstacle : 7:10

Time2 1;45

CEO b resigned because the controversy over his support anti-gay marriage campaign

Time3 1;30

B is a victim of a status quo that bully against someone who hasn’t expressed his views in the context of his job

Time4 1;30

--A large majority Americans were fired for any reason which makes low-income workers complete obey their boss

--still employment discrimination against LGBT Americans is ongoing problem

Time5  1;40

--Tara is unhappy about male-centric movie which is a typical of hollywood’s inability to do social justice and ignore the survivor’s voice

--time6 1:32

--movie should show the stand up for a woman;s right rather than show masculinity