【Native Speaker每日综合训练—33系列】【33-04】科技

jenniferlyy125

Day 28

--speaker

Memories are inaccurate, and the reason is that human always add current experiences onto previous memories. And the speaker cited an experiment in nuroun science. Subjects are asked to place objects on the original locations after changing the backgrounds. However, instead of choosing the correct original location, subjects always chose the locations they remembered and chosed in the precious tasks. Researchers note that recent experiences can overrun the previous memories.

---speed

1.      1’03

Fossils found in west Asian showed that the site hosted two species instead of one species since the lower jaw is evolved form two small ones. However the excavation director disagreed with the discovery.

2.      2’02

If there were enough large force to break up the supercontinent G 130 m years ago, a new ocean-sahara atlantic ocean--south of sahara desert would born and current Africa would be separated into sahara continent and south African continent. (point—means—illustration--reason)

3.      2’27

Human beings are once believed to be the oldest creature who can speak, however a bone that is the same as human was discovered, and researchers found the structure and usage was exactly same as human, which demonstrated that N might be the oldest creature to speak.(point-old-new-detail-con)

4.      1’48

Researchers designed a app that can hear danger voices when the people is distracted, and this tech can be applied to wider ranger of sounds. The app is based on an artificial ear and easier than conventional tech.

5.      2’35

Audio aware is able to identify dangerous sounds recorded beforehand but cannot identify combined sounds sometimes. The computerized auditory system is developing, however it is impossible for a software to identify every and combined sounds in our life. Computer systems still lag behind the our human capabilities.

---obstacle

Researchers argue that native American might lived in the bearing land bridge after migrating from Asia and before reaching north America. Even though archaeological evidence lack, researchers reconciled the genetic and eco evidence with habitation of the land.

1) The ice sheet in north America and sediments drawn under bearing sea strengthen the hypothesis.

2) this hypothesis can help to explain why native American genes are separated from their Asian ancestors.

3) Besides, genetic and eco evidence indicate that the area is not tundra steppe but shrubby with warm climate and hospital environment.

However, archeological evidence need to be found in order to prove the hypothesis.

(point—illustration 123--con)

AceJ

二环前排

Your memory may be edited

Human ancestors at West Asian site deemed two species
Time2: 1'38" two fossil jaws actually belongs to two different human race: Humo erectus, 1.8 million years ago and Humo georgicus, no younger than 1.76 million years old

How Earth might have looked: How a failed Saharan Atlantic Ocean rift zone sculped Africa's margin
Time3: 2'53" why does Saharan Atlantic Ocean not exist in the time when supercontinent G began to split? a competing rift along the present-day Equatorial Atlantic margins, won over the West African rift, causing it to become extinct

Talking Neanderthals challenge the origins of speech
Time4: 2'48" By 3D imaging and computer modeling, people found that the Neanderthal hyoid was basically indistinguishable from our own

App Listens for Danger When You’re Not Paying Attention
Time5: 2'28" Audio Aware is meant to alert hard-of-hearing smartphone users and “distracted walkers”. Plus, it was hoped to work on wearable devices
Time6: 2'30" Is the app really useful to alarm you when you walk in some sort of dangers? Probably not 100%

10,000 years on the Bering Land Bridge: Ancestors of Native Americans paused en route from Asia
Time7: 10'02"
O'Rourke and colleagues issued a new opinion that ancestors of native Americans had lived on the Beringia for about 10,000 years, which was debating by paleoecologists because of lack of evidences
The argument also could explain why genetic blueprint of native Americans was different from Asia's
Beringia was not a uniform tundra-steppe environment, but a patchwork of environments, including substantial areas of lowland shrub tundra
Although most such sites are underwater, some evidence of human habitation in shrub tundra might remain above sea level

carolxxchen

先占座！！不知道这次能不能坚持下去

MAGGIEHE1993

这作业补得好迟
Speaker: Researchers have found that people tend to add current experience to their memory and overwrite their memory.

Time2: 1min 21"
       A controversial fossil and soil analysis concludes that a key West Asian site hosted not one but two Homo species,
       but excavation direction David Lordkipanidze disagrees.

Time3: 2min 42"
       Scientists investigated why the South Atlantic part of this giant rift system evolved into an ocean basin whereas
       its northern part along the West Africa Rift became stuck using sophisticated plate tectonic and three-dimensional
       numerical modelling.

Time4: 2min 12"
       Scientists have found that the Neanderthal had hyoid which is indistinguishable from human beings today, this discovery
       strongly suggests that the Neanderthal were able to speak and thus scientists can concluse that it's likely that the
       origin of speech and language are far, far older than once thought.

Time5: 2min 21"
       An app called Audio Aware, which is meant to alert hard-of-hearing smartphone users and "distracted walkers" is planned
       for release in March.

Time6: 2min 05"
       The working process of Audio Aware. A question has been raised whether the app do all that it needs to do in time to warn
       a person before he or she steps in front of an oncoming car. The app can distinguish some sounds successfully but somebody
       thinks it's virtually impossible to predice in advance how the sound signals will combine. Humans are still far ahead of
       computers in that respect.

Obstacle: 9min 09"
       Archaeological evidence suggesting that ancestors of Native Americans lived in shrubby lowlands for 10,000 years is lacking.
       Scientists have found new evidence to prove that argument. Some drilled sediments cores suggest that the land covered by Bering
       Sea was once full of flora. This finding suggests that ancestors of Native Americans could live and subsist on the land. Another
       evidence is the genome of Native Americans was distinct from that of their Asian ancestors. The theory that humans inhabited the
       Bering land bridge for some 10,000 years helps explain how a Native American genome became separate from its Asian ancestor. The
       third is genetic and paleoenvironmental evidence.

捉妖

我家住在二环边，家中有屋又有钱，生活乐无边~~~

Time2:
the team which excaveted the skeletons categorized them to be one specices;
a team from the Spainish national search center think the one with smaller jaws from the early Africanm, and the larger jaw skeleton from Homo georgicus.
Another groupd disagrees that the skeletons are categorized to be two species

Time3:一遇地理深似海
A technology shows the model of rift system.

Time4:
thanks to the x-ray imaging, the debate that wether Neanderthals, who looks like moden humans, have the same function of speaking, is concluded and the  Neanderthals can use the vocal cord as we do.

Time5:
An app for android, which is called artificial ear and analyzes the voices of danger to alert people, will be soon released
Time6:
How the app works: it could be used without wifi and downloads the souns from remote server when the network is accessable. It could alert people in real time.
and the techonology of sounds processing is greatly developed.
the app now is not accurate and would mistake the ring bell as a dangerous singal, but it may learn to tell the diffirence later.

awayawei

今天手慢了，占。。。

君君爱TS

掌管 6        00:02:50.04        00:12:28.08
掌管 5        00:01:58.50        00:09:38.04
掌管 4        00:02:39.24        00:07:39.53
掌管 3        00:01:50.38        00:05:00.29
掌管 2        00:02:12.98        00:03:09.91
掌管 1        00:00:56.92        00:00:56.92

醒醒Shine

[Time 2]
a key West Asian site hosted not one but two Homo species
[Time 3]
the importance of rift orientation relative to extension direction as key factor

deciding whether an ocean basin opens or an aborted rift basin forms in the

continental interior.
The West African rift featured a nearly orthogonal orientation with respect to

westward extension which required distinctly more force than its ultimately successful

Equatorial Atlantic opponent.
[Time4]
in terms of mechanical behaviour, the Neanderthal hyoid was basically

indistinguishable from our own, strongly suggesting that this key part of the vocal

tract was used in the same way.
[Time5]
A startup is developing machine-learning technology ，which it believes will make it

easier for smartphones and wearable devices to constantly listen for sounds of

danger.
The developer hopes Audio Aware will pique interest among makers of wearable

gadgets
[Time6]
Audio Aware will be able to work without access to a wireless network, but it will have to stream audio to a remote server when it learns new sounds
sound-recognition systems are constantly trying to home in on one signal among many, and it’s virtually impossible to predict in advance how these signals will combine.
[Paraphrase 7]
Genetic and environmental evidence indicates that after the ancestors of Native Americans left Asia, they spent 10,000 years in shrubby lowlands on a broad land bridge that once linked Siberia and Alaska. For a long time, it's lacking archaeological evidence.
In recent years sediment cores found pollens of trees and shrubs.IT suggests Beringia was not a uniform tundra-steppe environment, but a patchwork of environments.
Archaeological sites must be found in Beringia if the long human layover there is to be confirmed.

Obstacle居然读出了整篇文章的脉络：大众观点-缺乏的考古依据-又发现了依据-提出了正式新观点-最后希望获得考古验证。
以前碰到这么多生词，而且又是不熟悉的文章类型，真的会放弃。谢谢阅读小分队！！

jessie0910

2/206/01:33
Scientists confirm the Homo species of West Asian by fossil and soil analysis. One paleoanthrologist JMB asserts that are two Homo species result from two different skeletal features, and she believes two of them lived in 1.8 milion years ago.
But another scientist who names DL deems that two skulls belong to only one Homo species .His conclusion lie in his studies show that one skull younger than another.


3/367/03:33
第一遍没看懂。觉得文章结构是：存在一个自然现象待解释，于是CH和SB开始研究，发表研究后，从他们提出的数据模型中进行总结。
读第二遍：
The G plate tectonic was showed through 3-D numerical modeling.
The causes for G fragmentation are debated.
CH and SB investigated why the SA part of the rift system.
后面实在不知怎么提炼~~……**


4/372/03:03
We humans wants to find the reason about our ability to communicate with words. A zoologist and palaeontologist made a discovery based on Neanderthal hyoid bone by the use of 3D x-ray oimaging technology.
Nh’s shape was very different to that of our closest living relatives, this led to some polple arguing that Nh could speak. But Nh’s shape as modern humans.
Our comparisons showed that basically the Nh was indistinguishable from our people, so we can conclude the origins of speech and language.


5/356/03:06
An app called Audio Aware, which was devices to constantly listen for sounds of danger for hard-of-hearing smartphone users and “distracted walkers”.
The company hopes AA will work with other smart devices to do more than just be alert to dangers: about health conditions, where the noises come from etc.
The sound technology works that enter sound into ear.


6/354/03:30
Constantly comparing what it hears to stored templates of alert sounds it needs to recognize. The software also incorrently identified some of sounds but not alert sound.
It’s virtually impossible to predict in advance how sound signals will combine.


Obstacle/1206/09:22
Scientists indicates the ancesters of Native Americans had lived on a broad land bridge, where drowned beneath the Bering Sea.
DR and his partners seek to the evidence for human habitation on the B.
They put it together with the several speach from different subjects, the area where people had lived.
The theory helps to explain how a Native American genome became separate from its Asian ancestor.
Some of the evidences can not be found because of disappear or hard to botain.

画画2013

今天的地理学文章好喜欢……
Speaker
Our memory is not accurate. why? Because we add current experiences onto our memories.
The researchers did an experiment and got a conclusion," recent and easily retrievable information" can overwrite what was there to begin with."
Time2 1'31
A team excavated partial skeletons at Dmanisi, categotized the finds as part of Homoerectus.
The team suggests that the small jaws come from a population that was closely related to early African Homo populations, and the big jaw belonged to Homo georgicus.
But DL does not agree with this idea.
Time3 3'15
A study of researchers show the importance of rift orientation relative to extension direction as key factor deciding whether an ocean basin opens or an aborted rift basin forms in the continental interior.
graben n.裂谷
How the shapes of present Africa and south America were shaped？
The model provides that the larger the angle between rift trend and extensional direction, the more force is required to maintain a rift system.
Time4 2'39
Neanderthal n.尼安德特人
Neanderthals may had the ability to communicate with words. This research shows that people may misunderstand them that  they could not use language.
A/professor uses the new technology to observe the intricate internal structure of the bone and finds that the Neandertnal hyoid was strongly suggesting that their vocal track was used in the same way as humman.
And such an observation may proves that the origins of language have a older history than we thought.
Time5 2'44
One Llama makes an App, wchi is called Audio Aware. This App can alert people when danger comes. One Llama hopes this App can be used in many fitness trackers and let Audio Aware alert people more than danger.
The technology of the app is called "artificial ear".
Time6 2'15
Audio Aware can do recognize some sounds, but is still cannot indentify every sound correctly.
It is hard to say whether the computer can learn to combine the complex signals in human life.
Obstacle 13'55
Bering Land Bridge 白令陆桥
O'Rourke trys to reconcile the evidence for human habitation on Bring Land Bridge.
In recent years, paleocologists found that the Bering Land Bridge might had trees abd shrubs through observing the sediments.
O'Rourke explains how the isolation could occur and the idea of human once lived in Bring Land Bridge helps to explain how a Native American genome (genetic blueprint) became separate from its Asian ancestor.
Genetic and Paleoenvironmental evidence suggested that Beringia existed there for thousand years before memebers of the population migrated.