【Native Speaker每日综合训练—31系列】【31-12】经管

美人夜带刀

Official weibo: http://weibo.com/u/3476904471

大年初一祝大家新年快乐，马上啥都有：）第一次发帖，请多多包涵，10PM下了飞机直奔酒店骚扰Susan，好在飞机上都想好了材料。

Part I: Speaker

How great leaders inspire action

[Rephrase1]

[Dialog, 18:04]



Source: TED TALK
http://www.ted.com/talks/simon_sinek_how_great_leaders_inspire_action.html

美人夜带刀

Part II: Speed

Newfrontiers

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[Time 2]

THE furniture market in Foshan claims to be the biggest in the world. Itboasts a bewildering mix of things to sit on, sleep in and eat at. One shop,named the “Louvre”, offers a range of styles from neoclassical to postmodern,which an assistant defines as a cross between European and modern, suitable for“successful people”.

The market, which sprawls over 3m square metres (32m square feet),showcases the manufacturing powers of Foshan, a city of 7m people in thesouthern province of Guangdong. The city is an archipelago of industrialclusters, dedicated to furniture, textiles, appliances, ceramics and theequipment required to make them. These clusters have produced some of China’smost successful private firms, such as Midea, a maker of household appliances,which began as a bottle-lid workshop, and now employs 135,000 people,generating over $16 billion in revenue in 2012.

Many economists worry that China will succumb to a “middle-income trap”,failing to make the jump from an early stage of growth, based on cheap labourand brute capital accumulation, to a more sophisticated stage, based oneducated workers and improvements in productivity. But no economy, let aloneone the size of China’s, moves in lockstep from one growth model to another.Some regions always outpace others. Provinces like Gansu, in China’snorth-west, are still struggling to wean themselves off state-owned mines andsmokestacks (see article). Other parts of China’s economy arealready comfortably high-income, according to the World Bank’s definition. Forexample, Foshan’s GDP per head was almost $15,000 in 2012, higher than in somemember states of the European Union.

Foshan best represents China’s “emerging economic frontier”, according tothe Fung Global Institute (FGI), a think-tank in Hong Kong. With the help ofresearchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, China’splanning agency, the institute is studying Foshan for clues about the rest ofthe economy’s future.

314 words

[Time 3]

Foshan’s example is relevant to other parts of China, it argues. Unlikethe nearby metropolis of Shenzhen, it was never a special economic zone. Unlikeneighbouring Guangzhou, it is not a provincial capital. It also shares many ofthe country’s growing pains. Lacking oil and coal, it is prone to electricityshortages. It is heavily polluted and highly indebted: its government pays 47%of its tax revenues on servicing its liabilities. Wages are going up, land isrunning out, and growth is slowing down. To tackle such problems, China’sCommunist Party endorsed a long list of bold reforms at its long-awaited “thirdplenum” in November. Economists welcomed the list even as they worried thatofficials would fail to implement it. But in China, implementation is often aprocess of gradual diffusion not abrupt transition. Some of the principlesproposed by the plenum are already in practice in Foshan. Some may have beeninspired by it.

The third plenum resolved that the market should play a “decisive” role inthe allocation of resources. In Foshan it already does. In the early 1990sShunde, one of the city’s districts, pioneered the sale of government-backedenterprises to their managers, workers and outside investors. Foshan now hasabout one private enterprise for every 20 residents. In 2012 they grew twice asfast as the remaining state-owned firms.

November’s party plenum also called for private capital to play a biggerrole in public infrastructure. In Foshan over the past nine years thegovernment has allowed private firms to bid for over 500 projects, includingpower generation, water plants, and rubbish-incineration plants, according toLiu Yuelun, the city’s mayor. Ahead of the party’s call to consolidate thestate bureaucracy, Shunde district had already slashed the number of itsdepartments from 41 to 16.

297words

[Time 4]

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Another national aim is to unify parts of China’s land market, allowingrural land to be leased on similar terms to state-owned urban plots. In the1980s Foshan had already created a shadow market in communal land, whichvillagers leased to budding industrialists, contrary to national law thatreserved such land for rural purposes. Because these land rights weretechnically illegal, many big firms eschewed them. But that made them all thecheaper for scrappy, small firms willing to live in the legal shadows. Thisgrey market allowed Foshan’s industrial clusters to grow organically, accordingto economic logic rather than arbitrary land laws, argues the FGI. It alsoallowed villagers to reap some of the gains of Foshan’s industrial transformation.By 2010, the FGI calculates, the average Foshan resident owned property worthalmost $50,000.

Will Foshan’s experiments inspire nationwide reform? Its lessons sometimesget lost in translation. Shunde’s sales of government-backed firms is one example.It sold its most profitable firms before selling the lossmakers, a strategy itlikened to “marrying off the prettiest daughter” first, according to LindaChelan Li of the City University of Hong Kong. The national government, incontrast, let small, loss-making firms go but clung tight to big, profitableones. These SOEs remain powerful and profitable and all the harder to reform asa consequence.

Foshan’s penchant for experimentation also reflects its unusualadministrative history. Until 2002 two of its districts, Shunde and Nanhai,were cities in their own right. Their governments still collect more revenuesthan the city itself. This allows decentralised—and moreresponsive—decision-making. “When the upper level of government gives moreauthority to subdistricts, they have a stronger sense of responsibility,” saysMayor Liu.

In response to the demand of local industry, for example, Shunde districtbuilt an impressive polytechnic, which now teaches 11,000 students. Itsqualifications are not recognised as degrees by the Ministry of Education butthey are highly valued by local employers. A skilled graduate can earn up to6,000 yuan ($990) a month, says Fu Qingju of Keda, an equipment-maker. Thequantity of workers will grow more slowly as migration to Foshan slows, but thequality can always improve.

362 words

[Time 5]

Doyou copy?

Foshan’s success may prove hard to imitate or to sustain. Its prosperityrests on the benefit that firms derive from proximity to others. But theseclusters are hard to replicate. Why would companies flock to a new cluster whenone already exists? China is dotted with ambitious local governments keen tobuild hubs of high-tech firms and services. Not all of them can succeed.

In addition, when industries cluster in one location, pollution alsoconcentrates in the same spot. Foshan has experienced the stark trade-offbetween industrial growth and environmental protection. In the past thegovernment would approve a new company before the sewerage system was ready tocope. Four of Foshan’s inland rivers are heavily polluted. In 2003 it tightenedenvironmental regulations on its local ceramic firms, an industry withcenturies-old roots in Foshan. Ten years later, fewer than 60 out of 600 firmsremained. The rest did not pollute less. They just polluted elsewhere.Pollution is now a barrier to Foshan’s development, rather than a byproduct ofit. “We understand that our poor environment does not attract talented people,”notes Mr Liu, the mayor. “We want to provide greener lands for them.”

Mr Liu hopes that new, cleaner clusters will supersede its older, dirtierones. The east of the city, which is connected to Guangzhou by underground,hosts a cluster of back-offices for Guangzhou’s finance industry. Foshan isalso building a new cluster dubbed the Sino-German Industrial Services Zone,dedicated to the services that high-end manufacturing requires. The new zonestraddles the Dongping river. One bank represents Foshan’s prosperous, tangiblepresent—a busy port, loading and unloading containers full of manufacturedgoods. On the other bank is Foshan’s vision of its future: a pleasant ribbon ofparkland, decorated with cherry trees, mudflats to attract birds and askate-boarding rink. The park includes a man-made beach and pond, open to thepublic, where up to 2,000 people can bathe.

In the past Foshan’s enterprises made greatleaps by assimilating foreign technology. Its ceramics industry, for example,imported a German oven in 1983 that increased output tenfold. The Sino-Germanzone is an attempt to import something else: not German kit so much as Germancredibility. The international tie-in is a sign of Foshan’s ambition to becomea “liveable” city, attractive to the kind of people that a sophisticatedservice industry needs. Like its furniture, Foshan’s new city aims to besomewhat European, modern and suitable for successful people.

Source: the economist

http://www.economist.com/news/china/21593461-fate-chinas-economic-reforms-will-be-determined-locally-our-first-article-looks

美人夜带刀

Part III: Obstacle

China’s economy In three parts

CHINA’S economy, worth over $9 trillion in2013, divides opinion. Often it divides it neatly in two: optimists contend with pessimists, apologists with alarmists, bulls with bears. Figures released this month encouraged both camps. China’s economy grew by 7.7% in 2013, alittle faster than once feared. But a widely watched index of manufacturing,published by HSBC, a bank, fell for the fourth month in a row.



This binary split in opinion is too crude. To understand China’s economy today, it is more helpful to think in threes. Start, for example, with three forms of growth: in supply, demand andcredit. Over the long run, China’s economic might depends on the size of itsworkforce and its productivity. This combination determines how much stuff China can supply without overstretching itself. Numbers released this week confirm that the supply-side limits on growth are gradually tightening. 



The country’s urban workforce, which produces most of its output, is growing more slowly. The age group from whichthis workforce springs is now shrinking outright. The population of working ageshrank by 2.44m in 2013, having already fallen by several million the year before.



This demographic turning-point (dubbed“peak toil”) has contributed to a marked slowdown in China’s potential rate of growth from the double-digit tempo of yesteryear. Whether the economy actually fulfils that (diminished) potential depends on a second kind of growth: that of demand. On the one hand, too little spending on goods and services will resultin the underemployment of even a shrinking population (witness Japan). On theother hand, too much results in inflation. 



By that yardstick, demand in China is still modest. It was enough to increase GDP by just over the government’s minimum threshold of 7.5%. But the economy did not grow fast enough to generate any inflationary pressure. Consumer prices rose by only 2.5% in the year to December. Prices paid to producers fell, for the 22nd month in a row. TheChinese economy is not overheating in any conventional sense.



China’sexcesses take a different form. It is not the growth in demand that worries pessimists, but the growth in credit. The stock of outstanding financing forthe private sector grew by about 20% last year, according to the central bank’sbroad measure (which includes corporate bonds, equity issuance, and a variety of loans by banks and other lenders) even as nominal GDP grew by only 9.5% (seechart). Some of those loans are now turning ugly.


One credit product, sold exclusively through ICBC, China’s biggest bank, on behalf ofChina Credit Trust, a non-bank lender, is poised to default at the end of this month. It raised 3 billion yuan (over $490m) for Zhenfu Energy group, anill-fated coal-mining venture, the vice-chairman of which was arrested for taking deposits without a licence. Zhenfu cannot repay its debts. The bigquestion that remains is whether the product’s buyers, sellers or issuers willbear the loss. 



China’s credit is not all this bad. And even the bad lending is not all bad in the sameway. In fact credit, too, can usefully be divided into three categories,according to how it is spent, argues Richard Werner of Southampton University.Some is spent fruitfully, on new capital and infrastructure, increasing theeconomy’s productive capacity. Because lending of this kind adds to both demand and supply, it should result in higher economic growth without higher inflation. 



Another chunk of credit is spent wastefully, either on consumption or on misconceived projects, such as bridges without destinations or coal mines without markets.These loans add nothing to the economy’s productive capacity, but they do addto demand. They make a claim on the economy’s goods and services, without adding anything to its ability to provide them. Credit of this second kindshould, then, result in higher inflation, increasing nominal GDP but not realGDP.



The surprising lack of inflation suggests that much of China’s credit is instead ofa third kind. It is spent speculatively, on existing assets, real or financial,in the hope they will rise in value. Because these assets already exist, theycan be purchased (and repurchased) without adding directly to GDP or strainingthe economy’s capacity to produce new goods and services. Credit and asset prices can chase each other higher, even as consumer prices remain flat.



Because this third kind of credit adds little to economic growth, curbing it need not,in principle, subtract much from growth. China’s financial authorities have repeatedly stated their desire to shrink overstretched balance-sheets,especially among mid-tier banks, without discouraging the flow of credit to the“real economy”. But although this is entirely feasible in principle, it is a difficult trick to pull off in practice. 



Pessimists argue that the government’s efforts to curb leverage will stymie growth thisyear. But these rigours should be offset by stronger exports and consumer spending, both of which have plenty of room for improvement. Foreign trade subtracted from China’s growth last year. Consumption, which made the biggest contribution to growth in 2012 and 2011, was once again overshadowed last yearby China’s traditional engine of demand, investment. 



China’s dependence on investment remains a worry. But although its pattern of spending showed little sign of rebalancing last year, it did at least enjoy are balancing of incomes and production. Both migrant workers and rural households saw their incomes grow faster than the economy as a whole. Four years ago, the disposable income of the average urbanite was 3.3 times that ofhis rural counterpart. That ratio has now fallen to 3.0.



Of greater historical resonance was the shift in production. Last year China’s output ofservices, which contributed 46% of GDP, finally eclipsed the output of its industry (44%). An economy based predominantly on making things for people nowgets more out of doing things for them. Indeed, China’s fastest-growing sector last year was wholesaling and retailing, which expanded at a double-digit rate. Inthe workshop of the world, growing numbers now work in shops. Services are known as “the tertiary sector” (whereas agriculture is “primary” and industry“secondary”). It is this long neglected third piece of China’s economy that will prove the optimists right in 2014.

1031 words

Source : : http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21594999-some-chinese-economic-indicators-are-moving-right-direction-others-are

疏离无罪

美人姐的沙发！！！  感谢美人姐在大年夜 发作业，幸苦了！  
美人姐的文章好棒！ LX的Susan ,沙发是我的
今天真是冷清啊！

Speaker:Inner to out:why we do=>how we do=>what we do.Common people consider things through out to inner,but great leaders think in an opposite way.The successful organization has the prupose and belief why it exist.And people do not buy what you do but why you do and what you believe.This is a biology reason.People want to buy sth that can prove what they believe.Leaders should know what motivated their workers,salaries or belief.We just follow ourselves,because our believes are the same to the leader's.

01:35
Foshan,the biggest furniture market in the world,is studied as clues for the future of chinese economy.China was claimed to be in recession,but china's economy situation is so complex that the conclusion can not be made easily.

01:20
Foshan is much relevant to other chinese cities.So it is a good example to study.For many shortages of Foshan,the government has taken several action to change the situtaion.And it seemes to work well.Especially private section plays an important role.

02:17
The rural land market policy,the translation of stated-own enterprise and the unusua administrative history of Foshan can be good lessons to other cities.

01:21
It's hard to depulicate the success of Foshan.Some cities have already fallen.The pollution is also a big problem.But the government is trying their best make things better.

07:42
Main Idea:Analysis Chinese economy of 2013 in three parts
Analysis the economy of china in 2013 through parts:supply demand and creit.
China's supply is thought to be limited on growth.Because the workforce grow slowly and the demand is slowing down while the inflation is flat.
And the credit and loan was growing fast in 2013,but most of them are in trouble.There are three kinds of how credit is spent.China is the third kind:credit is spent speculatively,which means that most money are spent on existing assest,leading to no growth in economy and no inflation.Government has already taken actions,but the effect is not obvious.
China's dependece on investment is still a worry.The good news that the income gap between rural and urban citizens is reducing.And the service is contributing more GDP than industry.

sherlock1992

美人姐好〜。 久仰您的大名〜
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Speaker:
Why are some people successful while others under the same circumstances or better are not? The reason is that they have a complete opposite marketing model. Normal leaders think, act and communicate from the outside in, rather, the inspired leaders think, act and communicate from the inside out. Then the speaker takes the example of Apple to buttress his argument. Further, besides taking practical example to illustrate his point, the speaker also raise an experimental theory to explain his argument, that is-analyzing brain structure from biology perspective. Then, the speaker concludes that an inspired leader should make employees believe what you believe rather than just work for the money sake. Next, he, again, chooses an failure example of SPL to support the above point. The principle behind this marketing technique is the law of diffusion of innovation. This law divides people into different places and tell us that in order to be innovative people should learn to close the gap between places. Again, the speaker restates the central point-they don't buy what you do; they buy why you do it-using an example of buying iPhone. At last, the speaker uses a famous failure and a famous success of the law of diffusion of innovation to tell the audience that people don't buy what you do; they buy why you do it.

*In my opinion, this sentence is the marrow of marketing: Again, the goal is not just to sell to people who need what you have; the goal is to sell to people who believe what you believe. The goal is not just to hire people who need a job; it's to hire people who believe what you believe.

Speed:
2'11''
2'11''
4'05''
7'33''<zzzzz....>

MAGGIEHE1993

占到首页了哈哈~谢谢美人姐~
Speaker: The speaker began with asking why Apple can innovate people to buy their products, why the White brothers can design
         the flight successfully and why Dr. Martin Luther King can gather so many people to hear his speech. The reason of their
         success is that they have something different. They can communicate their ideas more efficiently, not by telling people
         what they do, but by telling people why they do it and their inspiration. The speaker also gave a biological p roof about
         his theory. The brain part that control our behivor does not care about languages. And he also stated his idea that people
         like to do business who believe you believe and this is the reason why people wait in line to buy the first launch of Apple
         products and why the major part of people who went to listen Dr. Martin Luther King's speech was white people. They didn't
         go there for Dr.King, they went for their own beliefs.

time2: 2min 38"
       The passage bagan with describing the furniture market in Foshan, Guangdong Province and stated an opinion of some people that
       China has fallen into the "middle-income trap". But the writer didn't think so. He stated that some cities of China have higher
       average income than some countries of the European Union.

time3: 2min 17"
       The passage took Foshan as an example and stated that it shares many of the growing pains in China and the government are trying
       to inplement a series of actions to inspire the economic development.

time4: 3min 20"
       The creation of grey market of the rural land in Foshan has not only allowed Foshan's industrial cluster grow organically, but also
       allowed villagers to reap some of the gains of Foshan's industrial transformation.
       Foshan's lessons sometimes get lost in translation.
       Giving more authority to lower level of government will inspire their responsibility.

time5: 3min 34"
       Foshan has experienced the stark trade-off between economic development and environment development. In order to solve the problem,
       Foshan is building a new cluster dubbed the Sino-German Industrial Service Zone and make the city a better place to work and live.
越障明天写嘿嘿嘿。。。。。

olivia瓜瓜

还有首页！~~~

Time2: 2m16s

Foshan, one city with big furniture market has per head GDP almost $1500, higher than some member states of the European Union.

Time3: 1m44s

Foshan face many economic pains, but the government has gradual implement the Third plenum,especially in the private enterprise.

Time4: 2m40s

The shadow land market enable the villagers to be rich and the foshan’s small firms to develop organically.

Can the other city imitate foshan ?

Time 5: 3m14s

Foshan undergo serious environmental issues, and devote to the international cooperative tech to cater the successful person.

Obstacle: 8m

We often divide the china’s economy into two parts.

Now,we should divide it into three part, the supply, demand ,and credit.

The the working age shrink recent year, the labor supply problem will hinder the economic growth.

But the demand is modest because it is enough to push the industry ,but is not too much to be inflation.

The credit part is overstretched. The loan become too much.

We can category the credit to three types.  

China’s credit is spent speculatively.

The pessimists argue that government’s leverage efforts will hinder the growth of economy, but the strong export offset it’s effect.

China’s dependency on investment is still a worry.   

ieveline

Speed
1--3:01
2--3:00
3--3:08
4--3:20
Obstacle
8:03

这方面的内容是弱项

TaoRs92

春节快乐~~~

time:2:13.62
The new furniture market and manufacturing in Guangzhou.
Provinces in China.Their economy.
The worry of middle-income trap.Some are still struggling to get higher GDP.Some are even richer than European countries.
_____________
time:2:00.04
Foshan's case.
Its success and its problems.Pollution.Sources shortage.Growth rate slow down.
The policy and bold change from the government.
1 let the market play the important role
2 private fund
_____________
time:2:40.98
3 the shallow market
4 focus on the most profitable projects
5 the unusual administary history
___________
time:3:04.43
Can other places copy Foshan?
1 not all of these provinces can success
2 the envieornmental problems
Foshan's development and change.to make a more livable places for people and talents.
_____________
time:7:48.18
China's economy.
The three parts:
1 supply
the output from workforce slowed
the population of working ages decresed
2 demand
too little spend--more unemployement
too much spend--inflation
China is modest.
3 credit
loan are truning ugly--Zhenfu's investment from ICBC
A--adds to demand and supply.spend on new capital and infrastucture
B--waste.add to nominal GDP but not real GDP
C--in credit markets.not much influence in real GDP and real market--should be led to real economy because it does little to the growth of economy
Pessimists:not easy.consumption overshadowed by demand and investment
Optimists:the change has happen.from making things to wholesaling and retailing.the secondary industry

ceciliauno

time 2 [1'56]
the makers or industry owners in Foshan makes a history and import economy states in china.

time 3 [1'23]
the situation of Foshan is unique in CHINA which is not the copy of shenzhen or guangzhou. It is necessary to mention that the number of private firm in foshan in highly than other cities.

time 4 [1'41]
time 5 [2'04]