【Native Speaker每日综合训练—27系列】【27-13】经管

TaoRs92

time:1:51.98
The outdated view towards the role of central banks--keep inflation rate low.
But today the inflation rates in many contries are too low.
The data of America and euro zone(below the good level--2%).OK religion:Britain--2.7%.
____________
time:2:23.70
The bad result of too low inflation--deflation(Japan's experience)
Greece and Spain are facing big risks.
America has less risk.But the problem still exsits.Further influence and bad influence in the future--the example of Japan tells that deflation could happen several years later.
Other side-effects:
1 unnecessary unemployment rate
2 difficult to compete/unfair competition
3 bad for central bank to make monetary policies
______________
time:2:25.79
The obstacle to deal with inflation:how can raise the rate while still keep control?(often incur inflation higher than expect or good)
The performance and decision of ECB.The advice.
The performance and decision of Fed.The advice.
Conclusion:should sacrifice the inflation these days to deal with this problem.
____________
time:2:21.61
America government shutdown led to the higher unemployment rate and had bad influence in this aspect.
Data and findings.
Another view:may overestimate its bad influence.Unemployment rate was bad before the shutdown.
__________
time:2:02.38
Other effects of government shutdown.
1 economic growth rate will be lower.
GDP will be negtively influenced.
2 changes and reverses in different industries
3 workers working hours
___________
time:5:21.68
Income inequality and relative mobility.
America has relatively serious income inequality and low relative mobility.
Two factors:
1 assortative mating
2 higher returns of IQ
The combination and the result:low relative mobility and larger income inequality.
Another factor that offsets this result--immigration.
But this factor can not influence native-born Americans.
Data and findings indicate that America has relatively serious income inequality and low relative mobility.
Possible solution:change those factors that lead to income inequlaity--such as increasing tax...

pennyz

2:04s
2:20s
2:28s
the main task of central banks is squeeze the inflation rate,but the reality is the inflation rate now is too low.
the low inflation rate can lead to deflation,unpaid debt and high unemployment rate
central bank will tackle the problem to intrigue the inflation rate to rise a little bit.but the action of the central banks always lead to the high inflation rate.
the high inflation rate is not desirable but is better than the low inflation
2:46s(2:38s)2:22s
the government shutdowm cause the shrink of the employment rate.
probably because of the reduction of government buy
but different idea:the impact of shutdown on private sector is overestimated
the change of different categories on the payroll

consumer spending slacken  slack 松懈，松弛
business inventories rise  
太久没看，导致不断回读
7：30s
raise up a question:the mobility of America
the offspring is more likely to be in the bottom level of the imcome  if their parents are
two reason:1the person with higher IQ is more likely to have a high IQ spouse
2the return of IQ is more remarkable
>the wealth people more likely to go to the better college
the immigration offset the trend
the income inequality is higher in American than the other peer country
>beacause of the lack of mobility

cherry6891

Speaker : using electronic equipment while traveling
2 1:45 the main job of center bank is not on guard lest price start to soar.
      the inflation is low in many countries
3 2:40 the low inflation will undermine the ability to combat another recession
4 2:45 no need to worry about inflation too much, economy will always find way out
52:12

thenewme

speed
time2+3+4  6'18
time5+6 4'34
obstacle
5'42
>whether high level of income inequality is likely to reduce
>two possibility that income inequality is high
children in high-IQ families have more opportunities to accept advance education such as attending private school , this may reduce relative mobility
>offset by immigration but not the r-m not change of native-born Americans
>the likelihood that an American will earn more than his parents is lower than other wealthy countries

AceJ

向前进。。向前进。。。

The perils of falling inflation
Time2: 1'27" The biggest problem facing the rich world’s central banks today is that inflation is too low
Time3: 2'11" Kinds of damages brought by deflation, like what we have seen in Japan and Greece.
Time4: 2'30" Measurements that central bank should take

U.S. jobs market seen taking a hit from government shutdown
Time5: 2'27" As Reuter estimated, the number of new jobs in Oct is only 125,000, down from 148,000 in Sept
But some argued that people overestimated impact of shutdown on new hiring jobs
Time6: 2'30" Economic growth in the fourth quarter is expected to be slow

Equality of Opportunity-Posner
Time7: 6'28"
Since 1970s, income inequality has been a historical high level because 1, there are greater differences in IQ across families than there used to be; 2, the economic returns to IQ have risen relative to the returns to strength and stamina
These factors can be offset to a significant extent by immigration, but it's not useful for native-born Americas. What's worse, likelihood that an American will rank higher in the income distribution than his parents is lower than in most other wealthy countries.

f0070515

speed
time2 1:23
outdated view:the main function of central bank keep a lid on inflation
the risk of low inflation rate
time3 2:22
the impact of falling inflation rate: deflation
too little inflation will affect central bank's ability to combat recession.
time4 2:18
discuss the possible respone: raise official inflation targets,
case of FED setting threshold
conclude life can be even scarier when the price sinks
time5 2:16
the impact of the US government shutdown on job market
time6 2:14
the slower growth
obstacle
the income inequality in the United State has grown substantially
income inequality in the parent's generation may create income inequality in the next generation
the high IQ could affect relative mobility dramatically
the factors above can be offset by the immigration
a 2011 study suggest that:
income inequality can be respone for the lower relative mobility
a question whether there may be a more efficient way of coping with problem of relative mobility than spending government money
-- increase low federal income tax rate.

lexiyanou

[T2]1:25
The inflation is too low in U.S,European areas and Japan but is high in Britain.
[T3]2:31
The bad effects of too-low inflation are 1. the cause of outright deflation;2.a weaker economy and higher-than-necessary joblessness3.undermine central bankers’ ability to combat another recession.
[T4]2:27
In order to face but not get rid of the inflation, one way is to raise official inflation targets (European:Bolder moves to loosen financial conditions/an inflation rate close to 2%; US:does not need to expand quantitative easing. But it can change its forward guidance. )
[T5]2:28
The damage of the shutdown of government to reduce new job opportunities is not as pessimistic as it expected in private sectors.
[T6]2:18
The domestic growth will be slower due to the shutdown and government are handling with the unemployment rate.
[T7]5:27
MI: a high level of inequality is likely to reduce relative mobility
Structure:
1) assortative mating  create high IQ families (high IQ parents-> high IQ children->best education->income distribution)will reduce relative mobility because of the greater inequality.
2)first-generation immigrant families does nothing to promote relative mobility for the children of low-income native-born Americans
3) an American will rank higher in the income distribution than his parents is lower than in most other wealthy countries.-> support the argument a higher income inequality
4)a more efficient way of dealing with the problem of relative mobility is to  increase the very low federal income tax rate on dividends and capital gains.

GillSun

Thanks KIM 君~
==============
Time 2 1'33'' The rich world's central banks are now facing new problem--low inflation.
Time 3 2'04'' Dangers that too-low inflation brings even without reaching serious level.
Time 4 2'19'' How to control the inflation rate without dangering the economy. What should
ECB do and what should Fed do.
Time 5 2'09''
Time 6 1'58''
Obstacle 4'50''

铁板神猴

1'23''
1'57''
1'52''
2'02''
1'38''

5'00

WindyMM

Rephrase1:
Packed-prepare to go other place
Wall charger-sth. Provide power to your electronic devices
Outlet-place provide power for your charge
Noise cancellation headphones
Dig out sth.- go to some place to take it
Portable- sth. easy to carry to other place
Power strip-plus more things to charge
Surge-increase in power
Gadget-small electronic devices, such as iphone, mobile phone etc.
Cable-electric wire to connect devices with TV
Hook up-connect/link
Overkill-too much of sth

TIME2: 01:54
Most people think central bank need to keep the inflation low, but actually current inflation is much lower than standard 2% because of commodity prices falling.

TIME3: 02:36
The too-low inflation will bring high risk when people expect price will fall and they will cut buying which will lead to lower inflation.
Another problem is too-low inflation cannot stimulate the wage increase, thus the unemployment cannot be relieved.
Meanwhile, the too-low inflation will undermine the control ability of central bank.

TIME4: 02:52
It is better to raise the inflation target which will help central bank to reach the current goal without unnerving financial market.

TIME5: 02:20
Lots of people think the unemployment rate raised, especially in private sector, because of the shut down of government, however, service industry has high employment rate in the latest month and the economic had been weak before the government shut down.

TIME6: 01:59
Although no sharp economic shutdown is expected, the forth-quarter growth will be slower in several industries.

Paraphrase7: 05:14
The income inequality in the USA has grown sice 1970s.
Whether the inequality can be reduced is depends on the “relative mobility” which means the possibility that rich people become poor and the lower income people will become rich.
Because rich families will let children to receive the best education and high IQ families will produce high IQ babies, the possibility they stay and become rich is high.
Also, the immigration contribute to the mobility because the second generation are more ambitious than the native born American.
According to the research, the rate rich people stay rich is 40%, and the poor people stay poor is 40%, so the relative mobility is pretty small in the USA.
The government need to find the efficient way to improve the relative mobility to reduce the income inequality. One way is to adjust the federal tax in low income people.