【Native Speaker每日综合训练—27系列】【27-01】文史哲

jay871750293

Official weibo: http://weibo.com/u/3476904471

Hey, guys~  Very glad to be able to hit the beginning of the 27th series~

There are two passages in the Speed Part. one is about seven suggestions of life, but honestly speaking, I reserve my judgment on some of those thoughts. Anyway, although everyone has his or her own opinion,  it's still cool if you can find something valuable to you. The other one is about "Panda Diplomacy" of China.

The Obstacle one, which is not that straightforward, discusses about the US government.

OK, suit yourself and have fun~

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Part 1 Speaker

[Rephrase1]
Asking for a Pay Rise
[Dialog: 6'08]


MP3:  
Transcript:
Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/general/sixminute/2013/10/131024_6min_pay_rise.shtml

Part 2 Speed

Article 1(Check the title later)
Happy Birthday, Brain Pickings: 7 Things I Learned in 7 Years of Reading, Writing, and Living

By: Maria Popova

[TIME2]
On October 23, 2006, I sent a short email to a few friends at work — one of the four jobs I held while paying my way through college — with the subject line “brain pickings,” announcing my intention to start a weekly digest featuring five stimulating things to learn about each week, from a breakthrough in neuroscience to a timeless piece of poetry. “It should take no more than 4 minutes (hopefully much less) to read,” I promised. This was the inception of Brain Pickings. At the time, I neither planned nor anticipated that this tiny experiment would one day be included in the Library of Congress digital archive of “materials of historical importance” and the few friends would become millions of monthly readers all over the world, ranging from the Dutch high school student who wrote to me this morning to my 77-year-old grandmother in Bulgaria to the person in Wisconsin who mailed me strudel last week. (Thank you!) Above all, I had no idea that in the seven years to follow, this labor of love would become my greatest joy and most profound source of personal growth, my life and my living, my sense of purpose, my center. (For the curious, more on the origin story here.)

Looking back today on the thousands of hours I’ve spent researching and writing Brain Pickings and the countless collective hours of readership it has germinated — a smile-inducing failure on the four-minute promise — I choke up with gratitude for the privilege of this journey, for its endless rewards of heart, mind and spirit, and for all the choices along the way that made it possible. I’m often asked to offer advice to young people who are just beginning their own voyages of self-discovery, or those reorienting their calling at any stage of life, and though I feel utterly unqualified to give “advice” in that omniscient, universally wise sense the word implies, here are seven things I’ve learned in seven years of making those choices, of integrating “work” and life in such inextricable fusion, and in chronicling this journey of heart, mind and spirit — a journey that took, for whatever blessed and humbling reason, so many others along for the ride. I share these here not because they apply to every life and offer some sort of blueprint to existence, but in the hope that they might benefit your own journey in some small way, bring you closer to your own center, or even simply invite you to reflect on your own sense of purpose.
[Words: 421]

[TIME3]
1 Allow yourself the uncomfortable luxury of changing your mind. Cultivate that capacity for “negative capability.” We live in a culture where one of the greatest social disgraces is not having an opinion, so we often form our “opinions” based on superficial impressions or the borrowed ideas of others, without investing the time and thought that cultivating true conviction necessitates. We then go around asserting these donned opinions and clinging to them as anchors to our own reality. It’s enormously disorienting to simply say, “I don’t know.” But it’s infinitely more rewarding to understand than to be right — even if that means changing your mind about a topic, an ideology, or, above all, yourself.

2 Do nothing for prestige or status or money or approval alone. As Paul Graham observed, “prestige is like a powerful magnet that warps even your beliefs about what you enjoy. It causes you to work not on what you like, but what you’d like to like.” Those extrinsic motivators are fine and can feel life-affirming in the moment, but they ultimately don’t make it thrilling to get up in the morning and gratifying to go to sleep at night — and, in fact, they can often distract and detract from the things that do offer those deeper rewards.

3 Be generous. Be generous with your time and your resources and with giving credit and, especially, with your words. It’s so much easier to be a critic than a celebrator. Always remember there is a human being on the other end of every exchange and behind every cultural artifact being critiqued. To understand and be understood, those are among life’s greatest gifts, and every interaction is an opportunity to exchange them.

4 Build pockets of stillness into your life. Meditate. Go for walks. Ride your bike going nowhere in particular. There is a creative purpose to daydreaming, even to boredom. The best ideas come to us when we stop actively trying to coax the muse into manifesting and let the fragments of experience float around our unconscious mind in order to click into new combinations. Without this essential stage of unconscious processing, the entire flow of the creative process is broken.
[Words: 364]

[TIME4]
Most importantly, sleep. Besides being the greatest creative aphrodisiac, sleep also affects our every waking moment, dictates our social rhythm, and even mediates our negative moods. Be as religious and disciplined about your sleep as you are about your work. We tend to wear our ability to get by on little sleep as some sort of badge of honor that validates our work ethic. But what it really is is a profound failure of self-respect and of priorities. What could possibly be more important than your health and your sanity, from which all else springs?

5 When people tell you who they are, Maya Angelou famously advised, believe them. Just as importantly, however, when people try to tell you who you are, don’t believe them. You are the only custodian of your own integrity, and the assumptions made by those that misunderstand who you are and what you stand for reveal a great deal about them and absolutely nothing about you.

6 Presence is far more intricate and rewarding an art than productivity. Ours is a culture that measures our worth as human beings by our efficiency, our earnings, our ability to perform this or that. The cult of productivity has its place, but worshipping at its altar daily robs us of the very capacity for joy and wonder that makes life worth living — for, as Annie Dillard memorably put it, “how we spend our days is, of course, how we spend our lives.”

7“Expect anything worthwhile to take a long time.” This is borrowed from the wise and wonderful Debbie Millman, for it’s hard to better capture something so fundamental yet so impatiently overlooked in our culture of immediacy. The myth of the overnight success is just that — a myth — as well as a reminder that our present definition of success needs serious retuning. As I’ve reflected elsewhere, the flower doesn’t go from bud to blossom in one spritely burst and yet, as a culture, we’re disinterested in the tedium of the blossoming. But that’s where all the real magic unfolds in the making of one’s character and destiny.
[Words: 352]

Article 2(Check the title later)
The Science Behind Why Pandas Are So Damn Cute

By Abigail Tucker November 2013

[TIME5]
When China gave the United States two giant pandas in 1972, in honor of President Richard Nixon’s historic diplomatic visit that year, we reciprocated with a pair of...musk oxen. Milton and Matilda arrived at the Beijing Zoo, one reportedly with a case of the sniffles and the other a nasty skin infection. Their long fur—which is what musk oxen are best known for, along with their odor—began to fall out. Meanwhile, back at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C., the pandas appeared only to grow cuter.

Perhaps the people of China got a raw deal. Or maybe they had discovered the perfect export. Giant pandas are highly addictive critters.

Neuroscientists speculate that their snub noses, generous cheeks and toddling gaits may excite circuitry in our brains normally related to interactions with human infants. Likewise, babies have supersized eyes, and pandas’ trademark black patches make their eyes appear larger by a factor of ten. (Part of a “facial mask” that likely evolved to repel predators, the eye patches seem to have the opposite effect on us.) Pandas are also one of the only animals to have a pseudo-thumb, a flexible wrist bone that allows them to manipulate objects in a cunning manner. They can stand on their hind legs, they like to frolic in the snow—the list goes on. They even somersault.

And they inspire similar antics in us. At the National Zoo, troops of Girl Scout Brownies have been known to serenade the current pandas—Mei Xiang and Tian—and their famed offspring, Tai Shan. Besotted zoogoers sport panda tattoos and commission panda vanity plates and knit matching black-and-white scarves for all the panda keepers. It’s no wonder when 4-year-old Tai Shan was returned to China in 2010, a SWAT team escorted the youngster to the airport. Even now, his American fans go on pilgrimage to the Bifengxia Panda Base in Sichuan Province and pay money for the privilege of mucking out his cage.
[Words: 327]

[TIME6]
So pandas have power over us, what University of Oxford scholars called “soft, cuddly power” in a recent journal article analyzing the political role of China’s ambassador bears. “What other countries see is this cute, cuddly creature, but there’s a lot going on behind the scenes,” says Kathleen Buckingham, lead author of the paper, which appears in the latest issue of Environmental Practice. She adds, “From a Chinese perspective, sharing the care of such a precious animal strengthens the bonds that China has with its ‘inner circle’ of countries.”

Chairman Mao’s 1972 gift to America, and a similar present to the Soviet Union in 1965, marked communist China’s efforts to forge international friendships after decades of isolation. Then, in 1984, China began to lease its pandas at the monthly rate of $50,000 each, which some observers saw as signaling a new embrace of capitalist principles. Today most of China’s main trading partners have had chances to rent pandas, though the rate is at least $500,000 a year. Sometimes, Buckingham notes, the offer of a coveted panda lease seems to coincide with a significant business deal. For instance, Scotland recently agreed to sell China billions of dollars’ worth of Land Rovers, salmon meat and other goods, and while negotiations were underway the Edinburgh Zoo just happened to score two pandas.

Yet the dynamics of panda power depend on nature as well as international relations. The giant panda is an endangered species, with only about 1,600 living wild in mountainous central China and more than 300 in captivity worldwide. After an earthquake rocked the panda’s native habitat in Sichuan, damaging state-run facilities for breeding the notoriously slow-to-multiply bears, China brokered more panda leases as it looked for temporary homes for the animals, Buckingham says. Thanks to the long history of panda diplomacy, there already were breeding programs abroad.

Which is where the United States excels. Working with China, the Smithsonian’s National Zoo has celebrated two live births—including one this August—and zoos in San Diego and Atlanta have also enjoyed success. These cubs represent collaborations across oceans and politics, in the name of another species—you might say, humankind’s gift to the panda.
[Words: 362]
Source: Smithsonian
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/The-Science-Behind-Why-Pandas-Are-So-Damn-Cute-228935851.html

Part 3 Obstacle

Article 4(Check the title later)
What Government Can and Should Learn From Hacker Culture

ALEXIS WICHOWSKIOCT 25 2013, 8:00 AM ET

[Paraphase7]
It's not enough to just bring geeks into government—bureaucracies have to learn to encourage collaboration and flatten the hierarchy, too.

South by Southwest isn’t generally associated with the federal government. But this year, between panels on “10 Things Your Band Can Do To Not Get Sued” and “Austin Breakfast Tacos: The food, people & history,” the festival will host “It’s Not About Tech: Hack the Bureaucracy.” The pitch: “Bringing geeks into government won’t make a difference if they can’t crack the code on bureaucracies.” Steering the panel is veteran government code-cracker Richard Boly, former head of the State Department’s Office of eDiplomacy.*

That the State Department embraces technology should not come as news. The department’s “21st Century Statecraft” initiatives have been well covered in the press, and officials from the secretary down to the interns use social media. But the SXSW panel focuses on a far thornier issue than getting ambassadors on Twitter: how to foster a culture of innovation and openness in a bureaucracy built to resist change.

The term “bureaucracy” has few positive connotations. It’s been called the “death of all sound work,” (Einstein), the “giant power wielded by pygmies” (Balzac), the “slime” left behind when revolutions fade (Kafka), and a “symbol of hell” (C.S. Lewis). Though it isn’t America’s only bureaucracy, the federal government is probably its most infamous one. The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press shows only 28 percent of Americans viewed the federal government favorably in 2012, its lowest rating since the poll began in 1997. The study didn’t delve into why, but perhaps part of the answer is the perception of federal agencies as bloated, ineffective bureaucracies that stifle creativity.  

But there’s hope government can change this. The software industry can show us how. A little more than 20 years ago, Linux triggered a paradigm shift in programming, from hierarchy and restriction to collaboration and openness. It gave rise to practices that now seem commonplace, like cloud computing and crowdsourcing. But most importantly, it transformed the culture of programming. From a field primarily focused on producing products, tech development became what IT pioneer Tim O’Reilly called a whole new field of "scientific and economic inquiry." If that formerly stratified world could transform how it did business, maybe government can as well.

Before Linux, the software industry looked very different. As tech advocate Eric Raymond wrote in The Cathedral and the Bazaar, proprietary software firms used to resemble the grand churches of old; those in charge cloistered from the common folk, their discussions secret, decision-making a top-down, fixed-route operation. With open source, development came to resemble a "great babbling bazaar of differing agendas and approaches," with many contributors working collaboratively. In the bazaar model, what matters is not rank but who finds the answer. The benefits of the approach are summed up in the aphorism, "With enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow." In other words, the more eyes on a problem, the better the odds are of finding the root cause.

At first, many companies rejected open source. As recently as 2001, Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer called Linux a "cancer" on the programming industry. But in two short decades, the model went mainstream, with corporations and government agencies, including the White House, now operating on open-source platforms. Eleven years after the "cancer" comment, Ballmer publicly embraced Linux. IBM declared last year that open source models "stand(s) ahead of their closed source counterparts" in just about every significant way.

Can the open-source model work for federal government? Not in every way—for security purposes, the government’s inner workings will never be completely open to the public. Even in the inner workings of government, fears of triggering the next Wikileaks or Snowden scandal may scare officials away from being more open with one another. While not every area of government can be more open, there are a few areas ripe for change.

Knee-jerk secrecy can backfire with fatal consequences, as seen in the Boston Marathon bombings. What’s most troubling is that decades after the dangers of information-sharing were identified, the problem persists.
Perhaps the most glaring need for an open-source approach is in information sharing. Today, among and within several federal agencies, a culture of reflexive and unnecessary information withholding prevails. This knee-jerk secrecy can backfire with fatal consequences, as seen in the 1998 embassy bombings in Africa, the 9/11 attacks, and the Boston Marathon bombings. What’s most troubling is that decades after the dangers of information-sharing were identified, the problem persists.

What’s preventing reform? The answer starts with the government’s hierarchical structure—though an information-is-power mentality and “need to know” Cold War-era culture contribute too. To improve the practice of information sharing, government needs to change the structure of information sharing. Specifically, it needs to flatten the hierarchy.

Former Obama Administration regulation czar Cass Sunstein’s “nudge” approach shows how this could work. In his book Simpler: The Future of Government, he describes how making even small changes to an environment can affect significant changes in behavior. While Sunstein focuses on regulations, the broader lesson is clear: Change the environment to encourage better behavior and people tend to exhibit better behavior. Without such strict adherence to the many tiers of the hierarchy, those working within it could be nudged towards, rather than fight to, share information.

One example of where this worked is in with the State Department’s annual Religious Engagement Report (RER). In 2011, the office in charge of the RER decided that instead of having every embassy submit their data via email, they would post it on a secure wiki. On the surface, this was a decision to change an information-sharing procedure. But it also changed the information-sharing culture. Instead of sharing information only along the supervisor-subordinate axis, it created a norm of sharing laterally, among colleagues.

Another advantage to flattening information-sharing hierarchies is that it reduces the risk of creating “single points of failure,” to quote technology scholar Beth Noveck. The massive amounts of data now available to us may need massive amounts of eyeballs in order to spot patterns of problems—small pools of supervisors atop the hierarchy cannot be expected to shoulder those burdens alone. And while having the right tech tools to share information is part of the solution—as the wiki made it possible for the RER—it’s not enough. Leadership must also create a culture that nudges their staff to use these tools, even if that means relinquishing a degree of their own power.

Finally, a more open work culture would help connect interested parties across government to let them share the hard work of bringing new ideas to fruition. Government is filled with examples of interesting new projects that stall in their infancy. Creating a large pool of collaborators dedicated to a project increases the likelihood that when one torchbearer burns out, others in the agency will pick up for them.

When Linus Torvalds released Linux, it was considered, in Raymond’s words, “subversive” and “a distinct shock.” Could the federal government withstand such a shock?

Evidence suggests it can—and the transformation is already happening in small ways. One of the winners of the Harvard Kennedy School’s Innovations in Government award is State’s Consular Team India (CTI), which won for joining their embassy and four consular posts—each of which used to have its own distinct set of procedures-into a single, more effective unit who could deliver standardized services. As CTI describes it, “this is no top-down bureaucracy” but shares “a common base of information and shared responsibilities.” They flattened the hierarchy, and not only lived, but thrived.

The many eyeballs approach has already proved successful too. In 2001, the Department of Veterans Affairs introduced a confidential, non-punitive reporting system to track preventable medical errors, errors which account for more deaths annually than motor vehicle accidents, breast cancer, or AIDS. Less than two years after launch, reporting of close calls increased 900-fold. By giving the many eyeballs within the agency a safe place to speak up using this system, lives will be saved.

While government will continue to operate in the cathedral model for some time, the fact that some hardy units have created a culture that fosters innovation and openness proves change is possible and already underway. Dismantling the cathedral will take a lot more than a SXSW panel, but such efforts make a dent in the edifice. The government will be better for it.
[Words: 1382]
Source: The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/10/what-government-can-and-should-learn-from-hacker-culture/280675/

枣糕兔

sofa!
好久以来的第一个沙发TUT


—————————————————————作业线——————————————————————

Speed
02'32
02'36
02'31
02'22
02'40
article 1
the starter of "brain pickings" talked about the inception of this idea and shared seven suggestions about life.
-allow yourself to change your mind
-don't act and decide for the mere purpose of prestige or money or approval.
-be generous
-build certain habits, like daydreaming/meditate, most importantly, sleep.
-When people tell you who they are, believe them. However, when people try to tell you who you are, don't believe them.
-Life is about rewarding an art instead of productivity
-Good things deserve to wait for a while. Success isn't built in one day and we should make some adjustment to our present definition of success.
article 2
panda diplomacy
Panda from China gain great popularity ever since they were sent as presents to the United States.
Details about how they lived and the overwhelming love from their fans in the US.
The cute, cuddly Chinese ambassador bears have won the country great influence in the international scale. They break the ice between China and other countries while representing the bond in the inner circle of the countries.
The panda diplomacy has gradually become a new【embrace of capitalist principles】. Huge business deals began to coincide with gifts of panda.
These bring to the outcome that there're breeding program for panda all over the world, which prove to be great help during the earthquake in Sichuan province.


Obstacle
10'46
main idea: Government & Hacker, what's in the anti-authority power that the authority should learn?
attitude: Positive(+)
Structure:
>>>Central topic: that gvm "welcomes" geeks stirs great unsatisfaction among the public.
>>>Why gvm couldn't fight with e-change?
       ----Analogy: the history of software industry
       ---->how would this apply to the gvm?
>>>the open-source model can work for the gvm, even though it has some issues that could back fire.
       To flatten the hierarchy:
       ----one example is that the gvm post info on a secure wiki rather than via emails.
       ----avoid the risk of "small points of failure", the potential problem could be identify by many eyeballs instead of one.
       ----an open culture would let more people dedicate to certain project and make sure the continuity of the work should anyone fail to take the responsibility.
>>>Conclusion: This open culture and "flatten the hierarchy" thing could work and thrive. The gvm would be better for it, although it would take some time.


————————————————————总结线————————————————————
谢谢jay，27系列的开头好高水准TUT 我今天读得好糟糕……
越障的回忆不能看了……好多是二次阅读补上去的
      

吐吐yeah

谢谢jay~~~

speaker:It teaches us how to ask for a pay rise.

掌管 6        00:09:30.84        00:20:38.73
掌管 5        00:02:11.35        00:11:07.88
掌管 4        00:01:49.36        00:08:56.53
掌管 3        00:02:30.12        00:07:07.17
掌管 2        00:02:23.13        00:04:37.05
掌管 1        00:02:13.91        00:02:13.91

obstacle:
main idea:What the government can and should learn from hacker culture
structure:
1.Bureaucracies in government is never been viewed as positive.
Government can change this by learning from what has happened in software industry.
2.The open sources are the key factors.But it can not all accepted by the government for the security reason.
3.The government government will continue to operate in the cathedral model for some time and be better.

Dora7

地板~~~~~~~~~~~~

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TIME2：2'45''33
author describes the start of the idea about brain picking,wide and profound influence that affect the author's life etc..
seven things that author advice to the youngers about their life  
TIME3：2'21''31
TIME4：2'05''84
seven suggestions:
-change your mind
-like prestige,those things make you work hard and offer deeper rewards
-be generous
-take exercise sleep
-don't make the others' judgement misunderstand yourself
-presence
-expect anything worthwhile to take a long time

TIME5：2'02''13
pandas sent to US
pandas looks
and they are popular with american fans
TIME6:2'18''73
the history of panda diplomacy and outcome of breeding pandas
endangered species,breed with other countries may be a good methods

OBSATCLE:11'31''20

AceJ

谢谢Jay，27期啦，大家继续加油~~

个人认为其实这3篇文章的逻辑结构都不难，简单清晰，难是难在词汇量，尤其是第一篇文章

Happy Birthday, Brain Pickings: 7 Things I Learned in 7 Years of Reading, Writing, and Living
Time2: 2'38" The author describes his ideas about Brain Picking and has seven points to share in odrer to bring people closer to their center
Time3: 2'47" 1, allow yourself to change your mind; 2, do nothing for prestige or status or money or approval alone; 3, be generous; 4, build pockets of stillness into your life
Time4: 2'02" 5, don't believe other people's judgment about you; 6, presence is far more intricate; 7, expect anything worthwhile to take a long time

The Science Behind Why Pandas Are So Damn Cute
Time5: 1'50" Pandas inspire similar antics in human being, so we like them
Time6: 2'48" Through panda lovely power, China strengthened the bonds with other countries. And now, as an endangered species, Panda is breeding artificially not only in China

What Government Can and Should Learn From Hacker Culture
Time7: 12'22"
The “bureaucracy” has few positive connotations. It’s been called the “death of all sound work", so it's not enough to bring in geeks,  collaboration and flatten the hierarchy are also required
But there’s hope government can change this -- information technology, such as programming and cloud computering, although it was different before.
But can the open-source model work for federal government? The answer is yes only if hierarchical structure is removed from the government
Does government withstand a shock like Linux open model? Absolutely yes, approved by a few examples

捉妖

thank Jay~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Speaker:
A role play between the man and the wan shows what to say when people ask for a pay rise:
1)choose a good time to ask
2)use verbs such as like,feel and believe
3)give reason to justify the pay rise
4)be clear how much is needed
5)always be polite


Time2[421] 3'39:
    The author successed beyond his expetation in his Brain Picking and received emails from all over the world. He is often asked to give advices to young people and now he worites down 7 principles, hoping could benefit people and help them to get closer to their center.
Time3[361]:3'30
   I love the advices the author gives :1) invest time to understand, instead of blindly follow others' opinions;2）work for deeper reward rather than money or status alone;3) Be generous——this is very hard for me, I would like to share money with people, but I do not like sacrifice my time on meanless or useless things. I believe that if I spend my time on somebody for a minute, that means  I died for him for a minute...4)Ha~ to this point, I totally agree with the author, I like to walk to my office since I can think very freely on the way there, and I like jogging in the morning and feel like the mind rubish goes out along with sweet taken away by the wind~~
Time4[352]:2'44
   But as my reading goes on, I felt a little tedious about his advice since it seems thoughtfull but far from a shock, thought I like his ideas and even I followed some.Such as sleep(after a server ill I know how important it is, at least for me), no care about what people think of me. And I think the last one quite match the spirit of Reading Team here.
Time5[327]:3'01
   The animals US gave to China are in poor condition while the pandas China send to US grow cuter and cuter.
   Scientists speculate pandas attract people because of the neuros stimulated by the panda looks.
   The antic actions or unusual events happened because of panda.
Time6[362]:3'00
   Panda helps to build the the international relasionship between US and Chia in politic and business.

Obstacle[1382]:9'50
   A poll shows that people think US goverment is ineffective. Author cited the Linux as an example to prove that US goverment should "open source" and gave flate information.
   哈哈 看到Linux好亲热~我们天天都要操作的系统。

疏离无罪

终于有一环了！每次早上起来占 都是二环，大家起的可真早！ 感谢JAY


02:05
Introduce brain pickings and how the author research it.

02:34
01:50
Seven advices:
1 Allow yourself the uncomfortable luxury of changing your mind.
2 Do nothing for prestige or status or money or approval alone.
3 Be generous.
4 Build pockets of stillness into your life. Meditate.
5 when people try to tell you who you are, don’t believe them.
6 Presence is far more intricate and rewarding an art than productivity.
7“Expect anything worthwhile to take a long time.”

02:18
Intreoduce the first Panda Diplomacy and these panda's life in the US.

02:10
Pandas have power on people and become a deal of china.Yet the dynamics of panda power depend on nature as well as international relations.

08:29
Main Idea:It's not enough to just bring geeks into government—bureaucracies have to learn to encourage collaboration and flatten the hierarchy, too.
Bureaucracies in government is never been viewed as positive.
Poll shows that people do not view the federal government favorably.
Government can change this by learning from what has happened in software industry.
Then the author descirbe what the software industry used to be and what this industry do as example.
The open sources are the key factors.But it can not all accepted by the government for the security reason.
What’s preventing reform is the government’s hierarchical structure.
Government need to faltten the hierachy.Then the author talks about the advantages of this meathod and other successful examples.
Finally the author reach to the conclusion that government should continue this method.

zxppx

谢谢Jay!
1.3-15
The author is surprised by so many response from different people, because of her past hard work, which may need six minutes to read. What's more, she also thinks that her experience could help some people who are confusing in the crossroad during their life.
2.2-37
First of all, try to think about your own opinion about certain things, rather than just copy other people' ideas. Secondly, don't do anything just for prestige, which may distract you from the way that you really love to keep with. In addition, to be generous is pretty moral, loving to share others with your thinking, experience, and resources. The last thing is to keep going somewhere you are unfamiliar with, because it can promote your creativity.
3.2-58
The fifth thing is to sleep, because good and regular sleep helps ue live a better life than horrible and irregular sleep. Besides, believe that you are the person who knows yourself most thoroughly. Next, don't focus too much on productivity, even though productivity can show our value to others. Last but not least, even though I don't fully understand, it may be to live meaningfully everyday.
4.2-19
In 1972, two pandas were sent to the United States, in order to memorize the limestone between China and America. When the two pandas are sent back home, they are took care well. Pandas have two giant patches around their eyes, which can intimidate predators, but seem to have an opposite effect on humans. When Tai Shan, a cute panda, is sent to China, many foreigners come here to see it, which seems to be a terrific export.
5.2-37
During the recent decades, China has used pandas to build a great deal of diplomatic relationship with other countries, such as the United States and Soviet Union. What's more, panda diplomacy also brings vast economic benefits to China. For instance, some country would like to exchange many native seafood for only two pandas. Since the horrible earthquake in Sichuan in 2008, China has sent more pandas to foreign countries, which may provide more suitable environment for pandas, at the same time improving their relationships with China.
6.10-02
The United States government need to open more information, which may have an astounding and beneficial effect. The author takes the Linux as an exampale to show that some innovative thing may have outstanding potential, even though some current tycoons don't think highly of it. As we know, it is hard for the government to share more information with citizens, but this process can really solve many problems and even change their life greatly.

crystal9291

10.28-DAY19
【OBSTABLE】10:27  
越障没看懂。。。明天再来~

irvan

占～～～～


______________________
Obstacle
09:40
Introduction to the Hacker culture
What the government should learn from it.