ChaseDream
搜索
返回列表 发新帖
查看: 9718|回复: 81

[阅读小分队] 【NativeSpeaker每日综合训练—26系列】【26-10】经管

  [复制链接]
发表于 2013-10-16 23:41:36 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
Official Weibo:  http://weibo.com/u/3476904471
今天强推的是听力,上周听到这个就想着这周要和大家分享,友情提示:吃饭的时候就不要听了哈,speed第二篇文章是关于赌博输赢问题,对于一个从未赢钱的我来说很好奇,越障讲MBA嗒,大家enjoy~
Part I: Speaker

Article 1:
Poop Train

[Rephrase 1]

[Dialog, 22:54]
Source: http://www.radiolab.org/story/poop-train/
Part II: Speed
Article 2:
To Increase Savings, Link Them to Gambling

[Time 2]

Unlikely as it seems, gambling might help people save. Peter Tufano of Harvard Business School and Tim Flacke of the Doorways to Dreams Fund have piloted a program with eight Michigan credit unions that turns savings accounts into a game. The more people squirrel away, the better their chances of winning small cash prizes each month. At the year’s end, one account holder gets $100,000. In 2009, the first year of this trial (called Save to Win), 12,000 people opened accounts and saved about $7 million.

Tufano is still studying the results, but he believes that the $7 million—which averages out to $583 per person—comprises savings by individuals who otherwise would have saved less, if anything at all. He says he’s also taking a close look “to make sure that the accounts are not giving rise to new gambling behavior.”
Will we soon be seeing similar programs across the U.S.? Right now, it’s unclear. The lottery-linked savings concept has been stymied in the U.S. by laws that prohibit banks from offering products like this. That’s in spite of the fact that the approach can be traced back at least 300 years to programs in other countries, Tufano points out. Accounts that yield lower interest rates in exchange for chances to win prizes or cash are well established in Britain and in many developing nations, and studies suggest they’ve improved savings.

Tufano has spoken with credit unions and legislators outside Michigan that are watching the pilot with interest, especially given that lottery players are concentrated in lower-income households—the ones that have the most difficulty saving. “The average American household spends $500 a year on lottery tickets,” he says. “As a society we’re tremendously excited about lotteries, so we should be happy with lotteries in which people save money.”


[300 words]
Source: http://hbr.org/2010/04/to-increase-savings-link-them-to-gambling/ar/1

Article 3:
How Often Do Gamblers Really Win?

[Time 3]

The casino billboards lining America's roadways tantalize with the lure of riches. "Easy Street. It's Only a Play Away," screams one in Arizona. "$7.1 Million Every Day. We're a Payout Machine," reads another.

But how often do gamblers really win? What are the chances that a gambler will win on a single day or over a longer period? Don't bother to ask the casinos. Although they gather vast quantities of data about their customers for marketing purposes, including win and loss tallies for many regulars, casinos keep such information a closely-guarded secret.

Now, thanks to an unprecedented trove of public data detailing the behavior of thousands of Internet gamblers over a two-year period, The Wall Street Journal can provide some answers.

On any given day, the chances of emerging a winner aren't too bad—the gamblers won money on 30% of the days they wagered. But continuing to gamble is a bad bet. Just 11% of players ended up in the black over the full period, and most of those pocketed less than $150.

The skew was even more pronounced when it came to heavy gamblers. Of the top 10% of bettors—those placing the largest number of total wagers over the two years—about 95% ended up losing money, some dropping tens of thousands of dollars. Big losers of more than $5,000 among these heavy gamblers outnumbered big winners by a staggering 128 to 1.


[236 words]

[Time 4]

The analysis comes from a database containing anonymous records of 4,222 Internet gamblers who wagered on at least four days on casino-style games of chance such as blackjack, roulette and slots. They played between 2005 and 2007 on websites run by a major European online gambling concern, Bwin.Party Digital Entertainment PLC.

Bwin made the information available to gambling-addiction researchers affiliated with Harvard Medical School, who posted much of the data on the Internet. Bwin says there's no reason to believe a more current sample of customers would show significant differences.

Although the online Bwin customers differed in some ways from those typically found in a U.S. casino, their win and loss patterns should be roughly similar because the games are similar, said Robert Hannum, a University of Denver specialist in gambling mathematics.

To check, the Journal asked Puneet Manchanda of the University of Michigan and Hee Mok Park of the University of Connecticut to analyze a private gambling database to which they have access, detailing two years of play by 18,000 holders of loyalty cards at a Native American casino in the northwestern U.S.

The researchers found similar patterns: Only 13.5% of gamblers ended up winning, versus 11% among Bwin customers, and the ratios of big losers to big winners were similarly large.

The Bwin data also offer a peek at the economics of the casino industry that only insiders normally glimpse. Among the findings is an extreme reliance on revenue from a small number of gamblers.

Of the 4,222 casino customers, just 2.8%—or 119 big losers—provided half of the casino's take, and 10.7% provided 80% of the take.


[271 words]

[Time 5]

Such revenue concentration long has been quietly acknowledged in the casino industry, but the Bwin information may be the first to show it with hard public data.

The issue is a sensitive one in the industry because gambling critics often cite revenue concentration as one sign that casinos exploit gambling addicts, which executives dispute.

"Politically, we don't want to talk about it being more concentrated than other industries," said Andrew Klebanow, a marketing specialist who has consulted for dozens of casinos. He said the Bwin results are in line with his own estimates, based on confidential casino data, that many U.S. casinos get about 90% of their revenue from 10% of customers. (The two professors found that 9.3% of the gamblers at the Native American casino produced 80% of the group's revenue.)

Jim Kilby, a former professor who has written three books on casino management, said the scant number of winners among Bwin customers was surprising even to him, and should be educational to gamblers.

Although gamblers know the house has an edge, he said, "the average person doesn't understand the math" of the multiplier effect: "Casino games are nibbling machines, and the more nibbles you have, the bigger your losses."

The Bwin data clearly show that. The lightest gamblers—the 10% of customers who placed the fewest wagers over the two years—also had the highest winning percentage. About 17% of them ended up in the black—tough odds but still better than the dismal 5.4% winning percentage of the heaviest gamblers.


[253 words]

[Time 6]

Among the whole group of 4,222 gamblers, just seven won more than $5,000 (€3,698) over the two years, while 217 lost more than $5,000. That's a 31-1 ratio of big losers to big winners.

Gambler No. 1357078, a Swiss man who was 56 years old when he opened his account, was a classic heavy gambler. He played an average of three days a week, typically placing more than 1,000 bets per day and averaging $9 per bet. He lost on 84% of the days he gambled, and over the two years gambled away more than $110,000.

Unless they cheat, about the only way gamblers can win at games of chance is to get lucky and then stop gambling.

That's how No. 1381787 emerged as the biggest overall winner. A 56-year-old Slovenian man, he typically placed only a few modest bets per day. Then he struck gold, twice winning more than $14,000 within 10 days. After suffering a partial setback, he stopped playing on the Bwin site, netting about $22,000.

A separate Bwin database covers poker play. Poker is partly a game of skill, and the outcomes reflect that. About one-third of the poker players classified as "most involved" by the Harvard researchers ended up winning money over time, while just 10% of the rest ended up in the black.

Despite the slim chance of winning shown by its own data, Bwin has been enticing gamblers on one of its sites to "play for huge rewards on classic casino games," adding "the odds are certainly in your favor!"

Joachim Haeusler, Bwin's responsible gaming manager, said the company provides entertainment and people shouldn't gamble "based on the idea to get rich, because they won't."


[282 words]
Source: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304626104579123383535635644.html?mod=WSJ_hp_EditorsPicks

Part III: Obstacle

Article 4:
Change management
-The MBA is being transformed, for better and for worse

[Paraphrase 7]

THE master of business administration is one of the success stories of our time. Since it was first offered by Harvard Business School (HBS) in 1908, the MBA’s rise has seemed unstoppable. Having conquered America, it reached Europe’s shores in 1957 when INSEAD, a French school, launched a programme. In the past couple of decades, Asia, South America and Africa have succumbed. Today, it is the second most popular postgraduate degree in America (after education).

Whereas 40 years ago, American colleges graduated similar numbers of lawyers and MBAs, nowadays nearly four times as many students pass out with a business-school master’s degree than with a law-school one (see chart). Although demand among Americans is plateauing, the slack has been taken up by emerging markets, particularly in Asia. India now has around 2,000 business schools, more than any other country. China has fewer, but their numbers are growing quickly. It has an estimated 250 MBA programmes, graduating around 30,000 students each year. This is less than half the number it will need over the next decade, according to Hao Hongrui of DHD, a consultancy.

Yet for all its success, these are demanding times. For a start, MBA candidates are beginning to question the return on investment of such expensive programmes. Business schools claim their graduates are less concerned than they once were about earning fabulous salaries. Instead of trumpeting the number of students who get high-paying jobs in finance, they now reel off examples of those who join non-profits or launch social enterprises. This fits the socially-aware image they wish to portray after the financial crisis.

However, there is a whiff of post-hoc rationalisation in this. Data from our latest ranking of full-time MBA courses (see article), show that the average basic salary of graduating students is now $94,000, around $1,500 less than it was five years ago. And yet our survey of business-school students suggests that they are more focused on the size of their pay-packets than those who enrolled before the crisis.

As salaries have fallen, tuition fees have risen. At Chicago, our top-ranked school, two years’ tuition costs $112,000, an increase of around $17,000 since 2008. Harvard’s prices have risen by nearly $25,000. A degree that once let the brightest students name their starting salaries now warrants a careful cost-benefit analysis.

Concentrate!

The MBA is changing in other ways, too. The days in which students study a broad set of management skills, with little specialisation, are numbered. Most business schools now encourage students to concentrate on one area, such as finance. An increasing number of MBA courses are tailored to particular industries, such as health care, luxury goods or, in one case, wine and spirits management.

This is partly because students now have to have a clear career plan before they apply to business school. Competition for plum summer internships, the most common route to a post-MBA job, begins on the first day of school. Such is the focus on finding the right job, laments Sunil Kumar, dean of Chicago’s Booth School of Business, that students sometimes forget to savour the academic experience.

Business schools are expanding in other ways too. University administrators are wont to view them as cash cows and allow them to graze on other faculties accordingly. For years, they have been poaching professors from economics departments. Now they also woo psychologists and sociologists to teach softer subjects such as leadership and organisational behaviour. And their scope seems to be expanding.

“Big data” is currently one of the hottest study areas. York University in Canada, for example, recently launched a Master’s in Business Analytics. It recruits students with solid quantitative backgrounds, such as mathematicians and engineers, who spend half their time poring over mathematical models and half taking MBA classes. It is not enough to be a top-notch statistician nowadays, says Murat Kristal, director of the programme. Firms want people who can also understand the business implications of their analysis.

Perhaps the most disruptive influence on MBAs will be educational technology. Many institutions, from leviathans such as the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton school to relative tiddlers such as Grenoble in France, now make some of their courses available free of charge as “massive online open courses”, or MOOCs. It is uncertain what long-term effect this will have. Roger Martin, the recently departed dean of Toronto’s Rotman school, clearly remains unconvinced: “Giving away your product? In what way is that a business?”

Instead, it is more likely disruption will be from better distance-learning technology. Demand for mass-market, paid-for but cheap online MBAs, delivered by institutions such as the University of Phoenix, is not new. However, it has been rarer for prestigious, traditional universities to offer distance-learning MBAs. This is changing. Top-ranked schools are spending heavily to equip themselves for this. Chicago, for example, has built video studios at its American campus so that students on its foreign campuses, in London and Singapore, do not miss its best tutors’ lectures.

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) has gone further. It is one of the first top-ranked schools to offer a full-time MBA programme entirely at a distance. It has just enrolled 500 students in the second intake of its MBA@UNC programme, an online MBA that can be completed in 18 months. This is close to double the number it enrolls for its campus-based version. Interestingly, it typically costs a little more than attending Chapel Hill, partly because the technology has not come cheap. Yet students are signing up because they prefer not to give up their jobs, or because they cannot move to the campus for other reasons.

The tipping-point

Douglas Shackelford, the programme’s director, says that online classroom technology has now reached a tipping-point, whereby it is at least as good as a real classroom. Classes on the programme are limited to 15 students, spread across the globe, all of whom can interact. It has also allowed UNC to employ the best tutors whether or not they are in North Carolina. Professors lecture from India, France and across America. All lectures and class discussions are available in perpetuity, to be rewatched before exams or even after students graduate. Yet Mr Shackelford thinks he is only scratching the surface: “In 10 years we will look back and be embarrassed it was so simple.”

This may come at a cost, however. As students get more choice, so business schools, perhaps for the first time, will be forced to compete on price, says Clayton Christensen, the Harvard professor who coined the idea of disruptive innovation. Many will find they do not have the resources, so there could, thinks Mr Christensen, be many casualties. Students might celebrate; business schools may prefer to keep the champagne on ice.

[1121 words]
Source: http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21587780-mba-being-transformed-better-and-worse-change-management







发表于 2013-10-16 23:42:32 | 显示全部楼层
久违的沙发!感谢小鱼,幸苦了!
今天730 Q50  V38 特来感谢小分队!
今天前三篇阅读都是一屏半+的,但是经过小分队的训练妥妥的一点都不虚!以后还会继续跟做小分队的!
大家好好利用小分队哦!顺便推荐小分队元老superbat和抓抓的心经。


今天听力前面好快(果然是自己的听力渣),回头多听几遍!

02:07
A study shows that gambling can help people save money to some extent.Different laws in different states make this program impossible to apply accross the US.But it will be really helpful in increasing savings in the society such as USA where people are so excited in lottery.

01:17
Gamblers will lose more and more money with the time going on.

01:17
Although the date comes from internet gamblers who may be a little different from typical gamblers,the study is still reasonable because the games are similar.
Another research was made to check the outcome of the last study.

01:39
Revenue is much more concentrated in gambeling industry that in other industry.The more you gamble,the more you lose.

01:28
The only way to win in gambling is to get luck and then stop gambling.Poker is partly a game of skill.
Gambling will never make you rich.

07:14
Main idea:Changes in MBA program.
First,the article introduces the history and the background of the MBA.The author also shows the trend and requirments in MBA.The demand of MBA makes it grow quickly.But the situation now is that the fee of MBA is rising and the salary of MBA students are decreasing.
Then,the author strats to talk abot changes in MBA.
1 The demand of MBA makes it grow quickly.But the situation now is that the fee of MBA is rising and the salary of MBA students are decreasing.
2 Recently,Bussiness schools encourage students to focus on one area such as finance,because students now have to have a clear career plan.
3 Bussiness school courese are expanding.More professors from other areas are asked to give diffenent kinds courses to students.
4 The development of education technology.The use of Moocs makes business schools have more choices.
But this will also many bring some problems.
发表于 2013-10-16 23:43:06 | 显示全部楼层
感谢小鱼~第一次板凳占位~
哇哇 恭喜 沙发哟~~ 沾喜气!!~~ 哈哈~
另外 刚刚补完以前的 这个又得下次补了.... 这样慢半拍真的没问题嘛!!!???
=======================================
1‘55
unlikely as it seems, gambling might help people saving money
1'30
according to data from the internet gambling, the chances of emerging a winner aren't too bad on a given day but continuing to gamble is a bad bet; the skew was even more pronounced when it came to heavy gamblers
1'30
the researchers found that the conclusion base on the internet gambling data above is similar to the one based on the typicall casino;an extreme reliance on revenue from a small number of gamblers
1'52
the lightest gamblers also had the higest winning percentage
2'00
gambeling can make you rich and poker play was excluded in the gambling montioned in the passage
8'10
the MBA is being transformed
> the number of mba program around the world is increasing and the graduating students are rising, too
>the salaries for the graduating students have fallen but the tuitions have risen
>the program is changing
- encouraging students to concentrate on a certain area
- some soft skills are also taught in the bussiness school; the scope has been expanding
> the educational technology changed
- online open courses
- a full-time mba program online in UNC

发表于 2013-10-16 23:45:43 | 显示全部楼层
先占座一个好了~
1'20” the new studies show that gambling help people save but still unclear and it cannot be carried out in every state due to different laws
58“ the data to show how often gamblers win and the strategy gamblers should take if they want to win the most
1'10" the data of casinos are in private but the online gambling game-bwin provides the data for the scientists to reveal the mechanism in gambling
1'02" the meaning of the research and what critics think
1'10" the winning data of the gamblers and concludes the only way for gamblers to win is to get lucky and then stop gambling
又没按上计时键>< the history of mba (its origin and development)
                        put forward the question that whether mba worth that much money
                        the changes in mba programs (tracks and educational technology)
                        how educational tech benefits unc and probable future of mba
越障很有趣~

啊,才发现是地板。。。好神奇
发表于 2013-10-16 23:48:02 | 显示全部楼层
来得早不如来得巧~
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
---------------------------------------------
掌管 6 00:08:56.90 00:18:00.58
掌管 5 00:01:51.67 00:09:03.67
掌管 4 00:01:51.56 00:07:12.00
掌管 3 00:01:37.38 00:05:20.43
掌管 2 00:01:41.21 00:03:43.04
掌管 1 00:02:01.82 00:02:01.82
发表于 2013-10-16 23:49:09 | 显示全部楼层
等你好久啦~

To Increase savings, link them to gamblings
Time2: 1'55" Opposed to the common sense, gambling somehow can help you to save, a result from Tufano

How Often Does A Gambler Really Win?
Time3: 1'37" if you gamble one day, you have 30% chance to win; if you gamble on year, it's 95% to lose more than $5000
Time4: 1'47" similar to Internet data, researchers got that only 13% would win at last in casino
Time5: 1'45" it's a sensitive topic for gambling industry that revenues are highly concentrated; the longer you gamble, the more you lose  because people don't really understand math
Time6: the only way to win in gambling is you are so lucky and stop gambling soon

Change Management
Time7: 9'14"
During the last 40 years, the MBA program have been expanding so fast and largely around the world, especially in Asia, where demand for MBA graduates is increasing by times.
But after crisis, you have to care about cost-benefit analysis as basic salary for MBA is reducing while tuition is rising
Business school are changing and expanding in these ways now: more concentrated in some certain field; pay more attention to soft skills like leadership; big data and MOOCs, to which both common and famous business school are trying
The advantages of MOOC and maybe B-schools are about to compete on price. (If it's true, that will be so nice)

但凡碰到金融就头疼,有人能告诉我第一篇文章中的 lottery-linked saving concept 吗?
发表于 2013-10-16 23:50:34 | 显示全部楼层
疏离无罪 发表于 2013-10-16 23:42
久违的沙发!感谢小鱼,幸苦了!
今天730 Q50  V38 特来感谢小分队!
今天前三篇阅读都是一屏半+的,但是经 ...

哇~~~~~~~~~恭喜恭喜!!
发表于 2013-10-16 23:53:50 | 显示全部楼层
旷了好几天,补起补起……


TIME 2  1'50
TIME 3  1'29
TIME 4  1'21
TIME 5  1'41
TIME 6  1'44

赢家告诉我们,要学会及时收手啊T T
发表于 2013-10-16 23:54:42 | 显示全部楼层
疏离无罪 发表于 2013-10-16 23:42
久违的沙发!感谢小鱼,幸苦了!
今天730 Q50  V38 特来感谢小分队!
今天前三篇阅读都是一屏半+的,但是经 ...

又一个高分出现!great~!恭喜恭喜~

心经帖发出来了通知我们呀~
发表于 2013-10-17 00:10:51 | 显示全部楼层
占个睡觉~~谢谢小鱼

______________________
Obstacle
07:30
Development and changes in MBA
您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

Mark一下! 看一下! 顶楼主! 感谢分享! 快速回复:

手机版|ChaseDream|GMT+8, 2024-3-29 21:46
京公网安备11010202008513号 京ICP证101109号 京ICP备12012021号

ChaseDream 论坛

© 2003-2023 ChaseDream.com. All Rights Reserved.

返回顶部