【每日阅读训练第四期——速度越障23系列】【23-19】文史哲

shatong424

Official Weibo: http://weibo.com/u/3476904471

Part I: Speaker

Article 1: The Green Revolution

[Rephrase 1]

[Dialog, 28:11]
source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/series/americana

Part II: Speed

巴尔扎克曾经在《幻灭》中说过“历史有两部：一部是官方的，骗人的历史，做教科书用的，给王太子念的；另外一部是秘密的历史，可以看出国家大事的真正的原因，是一部可耻的历史。” 如今国际国内太多的官方历史冠冕堂皇的欺行霸市，缺乏逻辑的篡改揭示的是实际是自卑和缺乏支持的统治基石。仰赖于每日必看“历史上的今天”的习惯，我恍惚间又回到了1936年那场同样引起世人关注的审判。

考虑到今天内容有些晦涩，减少一个timer给大家留下查Wiki的时间
文章出处——http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Kamenev                                                                                                                                                                                 

Article 2: the story about Lev Kamenev
Early life and career

[TIME 2]

Kamenev was born in Moscow, the son of a Jewish railway worker and a Russian Orthodox mother.[1]
He joined the Communists in 1901 and supported Lenin.[2] A brief trip abroad in 1902 introduced Kamenev to Russian social democratic leaders living in exile, including Vladimir Lenin, whose adherent and close associate he became. He also visited Paris and met the Iskra group. After attending the 3rd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) in London in March 1905, Kamenev went back to Russia to participate in the Russian Revolution of 1905 in St. Petersburg in October–December. He went back to London to attend the 5th RSDLP Party Congress, where he was elected to the party's Central Committee and the Bolshevik Center, in May 1907, but was arrested upon his return to Russia. Kamenev was released from prison in 1908 and the Kamenevs went abroad later in the year to help Lenin edit Bolshevik magazine Proletariy. After Lenin's split with another senior Bolshevik leader, Alexander Bogdanov, in mid-1908, Kamenev and Grigory Zinoviev became Lenin's main assistants abroad. They helped him expel Bogdanov and his Otzovist (Recallist) followers from the Bolshevik faction of the RSDLP in mid-1909.


On November 10, 1917, three days after the Soviet seizure of power during the October Revolution, the executive committee of the national railroad labor union, Vikzhel, threatened a national strike unless the Bolsheviks shared power with other socialist parties and dropped the uprising's leaders, Lenin and Trotsky, from the government. Zinoviev, Kamenev and their allies in the Bolshevik Central Committee argued that the Bolsheviks had no choice but to start negotiations since a railroad strike would cripple their government's ability to fight the forces that were still loyal to the overthrown Provisional Government.[6] Although Zinoviev and Kamenev briefly had the support of a Central Committee majority and negotiations were started, a quick collapse of the anti-Bolshevik forces outside Petrograd allowed Lenin and Trotsky to convince the Central Committee to abandon the negotiating process. In response, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Alexei Rykov, Vladimir Milyutin and Victor Nogin resigned from the Central Committee on 4 November 1917 (Old Style) and Kamenev resigned from his Central Executive Committee post. The following day Lenin wrote a proclamation calling Zinoviev and Kamenev "deserters"[7] and never forgot their behavior, eventually making an ambiguous reference to their "October episode" in his Testament.
[390 words]

[TIME 3]

Break with Stalin

The Zinoviev-Kamenev-Stalin triumvirate finally began to crumble in early 1925. The two sides spent most of the year lining up support behind the scenes. Stalin struck an alliance with the Communist Party theoretician and Pravda editor Nikolai Bukharin and the Soviet prime minister Alexei Rykov. Zinoviev and Kamenev allied with Lenin's widow, Nadezhda Krupskaya and Grigori Sokolnikov, the People's Commissar for Finance and a candidate Politburo member. Their alliance became known as the New Opposition.

The struggle became open at the September 1925 meeting of the Central Committee and came to a head at the XIVth Party Congress in December 1925, when Kamenev publicly demanded removal of Stalin from the position of the General Secretary. With only the Leningrad delegation (controlled by Zinoviev) behind them, Zinoviev and Kamenev found themselves in a tiny minority and were soundly defeated while Trotsky remained silent during the Congress. Zinoviev was re-elected to the Politburo, but Kamenev was demoted from a full member to a non-voting member and Sokolnikov was dropped altogether, while Stalin had more of his allies elected to the Politburo.

During a lull in the intra-party fighting in the spring of 1926, Zinoviev, Kamenev and their supporters gravitated closer to Trotsky's supporters and the two groups soon formed an alliance, which also incorporated some smaller opposition groups within the Communist Party. The alliance became known as the United Opposition. During a new period of intra-Party fighting between the July 1926 meeting of the Central Committee and the XVth Party Conference in October 1926, the Opposition was defeated and Kamenev lost his Politburo seat at the Conference.

Kamenev remained in opposition to Stalin throughout 1926 and 1927, resulting in his expulsion from the Central Committee in October 1927. Kamanev used the occasion to appeal for reconciliation. However, as his speech was interrupted twenty-four times by his opponents—Bukharin, Ryutin, and Kaganovich- it became clear that Kamenev's attempts to gain understanding were futile.[12] The Congress declared Opposition views incompatible with membership in the Communist Party and expelled Kamenev and dozens of leading oppositionists from the Party, which paved the way for mass expulsions of rank and file oppositionists as well as internal exile of opposition leaders in early 1928.
[366 words]

[TIME 4]

Submission to Stalin and death I

While Trotsky remained firm in his opposition to Stalin after his expulsion from the Party and subsequent exile, Zinoviev and Kamenev capitulated almost immediately and called on their supporters to follow suit. They wrote open letters acknowledging their mistakes and were readmitted to the Communist Party after a six month cooling off period. They never regained their Central Committee seats, but they were given mid-level positions within the Soviet bureaucracy. Kamenev and, indirectly, Zinoviev, were courted by Bukharin, then at the beginning of his short and ill-fated struggle with Stalin, in the summer of 1928, something that was soon reported to Joseph Stalin and used against Bukharin as proof of his factionalism.

Zinoviev and Kamenev remained politically inactive until October 1932, when they were expelled from the Communist Party for failure to inform on oppositionist party members during the Ryutin Affair. After once again admitting their supposed mistakes, they were readmitted in December 1933. They were forced to make self-flagellating speeches at the XVIIth Party Congress in January 1934 when Stalin was parading his erstwhile political opponents, now defeated and outwardly contrite.

After the murder of Sergei Kirov on 1 December 1934 led to Stalin's Great Purges, Grigory Zinoviev, Kamenev and their closest associates were once again expelled from the Communist Party and arrested in December 1934. In this time he wrote a letter to Stalin. "At a time when my soul is filled with nothing but love for the party and its leadership, when, having lived through hesitations and doubts, I can boldly say that I learned to highly trust the Central Committee's every step and every decision you, Comrade Stalin, make," Kamenev wrote. "I have been arrested for my ties to people that are strange and disgusting to me." They were tried in January 1935 and were forced to admit "moral complicity" in Kirov's assassination. Zinoviev was sentenced to ten years in prison and Kamenev to five. Kamenev was charged separately in early 1935 in connection with the Kremlin Case and, although he refused to confess, was sentenced to ten years in prison.
[345 words]

[TIME 5]

Submission to Stalin and death II Fate of the family

In August 1936, after months of careful preparations and rehearsals in Soviet secret police prisons, Zinoviev, Kamenev and 14 others, mostly Old Bolsheviks, were put on trial again. This time the charges including forming a terrorist organization that supposedly killed Kirov and tried to kill Joseph Stalin and other leaders of the Soviet government. This Trial of the Sixteen (or the trial of the "Trotskyite-Zinovievite Terrorist Center") was one of the Moscow Show Trials and set the stage for subsequent show trials where Old Bolsheviks confessed to increasingly elaborate and monstrous crimes, including espionage, poisoning, sabotage, and so on. Like other defendants, Kamenev was found guilty and shot on 25 August 1936.

The execution of Zinoviev, Kamenev and their associates was notable because no Old Bolsheviks, much less prominent ones, had been put to death by Stalin's government until then.[citation needed]

Kamenev, Zinoviev and his co-defendants were formally cleared of all charges by the Soviet government in 1988 during perestroika.

After Kamenev's execution, his relatives suffered a similar fate. Kamenev's second son, Yu. L. Kamenev, was executed on 30 January 1938, at the age of 17. His eldest son, air force officer A.L. Kamenev, was executed on 15 July 1939, at the age of 33. His first wife, Olga, was shot on 11 September 1941 on Stalin's and Beria's orders[citation needed], in the Medvedev forest outside Oryol, together with Christian Rakovsky, Maria Spiridonova and 160 other prominent political prisoners.[11] Only his youngest son, Vladimir Glebov, survived Stalin's prisons and labor camps, and died in 1994.[13]
[255 words]
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigory_Zinoviev

———— 疑今者察之古，不知来者视之往

管子

Part III: Obstacle

Article 4:“What Is an American?” Letter III of  Letters from an American Farme

[Paraphrase6 ]

I wish I could be acquainted with the feelings and thoughts which must agitate the heart and present themselves to the mind of an enlightened Englishman when he first lands on this continent. He must I greatly rejoice that he lived at a time to see this fair country discovered and settled. He must necessarily feel a share of national pride when he views the chain of settlements which embellishes these extended shores. When he says to himself, this is the work of my countrymen who, when convulsed by factions, afflicted by a variety of miseries and wants, restless and impatient, took refuge here. They brought along with them their national genius to which they principally owe what liberty they enjoy and what substance they possess. Here he sees the industry of his native country displayed in a new manner and traces in their works the embryos [origins] of all the arts, sciences, and ingenuity which flourish in Europe. Here he beholds fair cities, substantial villages, extensive fields, an immense country filled with decent houses, good roads, orchards, meadows, and bridges, where a hundred years ago all was wild, woody, and uncultivated!

What a train of pleasing ideas this fair spectacle must suggest! It is a British Atlantic colonies prospect which must inspire a good citizen with the most heartfelt pleasure.The difficulty consists in the manner of viewing so extensive a scene. He is arrived on a new continent; a modern society offers itself to his contemplation, different from what he had hitherto seen. It is not composed, as in Europe, of great lords who possess everything and of a herd of people who have nothing.

Here are no aristocratical families, no courts, no kings, no bishops, no ecclesiastical [church-based] dominion, no invisible power giving to a few a very visible one; no great manufacturers employing thousands, no great refinements of luxury. The rich and the poor are not so far removed from each other as they are in Europe. Some few towns excepted, we are all tillers of the earth, from Nova Scotia to West Florida. We are a people of cultivators, scattered over an immense territory, communicating with each other by means of good roads and navigable rivers, united by the silken bands of mild government, all respecting the laws without dreading their power, because they are equitable. We are all animated with the spirit of an industry which is unfettered and unrestrained because each person works for himself. If he travels through our rural districts, he views not the hostile castle and the haughty mansion, contrasted with the clay-built hut and miserable cabin where cattle and men help to keep each other warm and dwell in meanness, smoke, and indigence. 3 A pleasing uniformity of decent competence appears throughout our habitations. The meanest [least/simplest] of our log-houses is a dry and comfortable habitation. Lawyer or merchant are the fairest titles our towns afford that of a farmer is the only appellation of the rural inhabitants of our country. 4 It must take some time ere [before] he can reconcile himself to our dictionary, which is but short in words of dignity and names of honor. There, on a Sunday, he sees a congregation of respectable farmers and their wives, all clad in neat homespun, well mounted [on horses] or riding in their own humble wagons. There is not among them an esquire, saving the unlettered magistrate. There he sees a parson as simple as his flock, a farmer who does not riot [live in excess] on the labor of others. We have no princes for whom we toil, starve, and bleed. We are the most perfect society now existing in the world. Here man is free as he ought to be; nor is this pleasing equality so transitory as many others are. Many ages will not see the shores of our great lakes replenished with inland nations, nor the unknown bounds of North America entirely peopled. Who can tell how far it extends? Who can tell the millions of men whom it will feed and contain? for no European foot has as yet travelled half the extent of this mighty continent!

The next wish of this traveller will be to know whence came all these people? They are a mixture of English, Scotch, Irish, French, Dutch, Germans, and Swedes. From this promiscuous breed, 6 that race now called Americans have arisen. The eastern provinces [colonies] must indeed be excepted, as being the unmixed descendants of Englishmen. I have heard many wish that they had been more intermixed also: for my part, I am no wisher, and think it much better as it has happened. They exhibit a most conspicuous figure in this great and variegated picture; they too enter for a great share in the pleasing perspective displayed in these thirteen provinces. I know it is fashionable to reflect on them,  but I respect them for what they have done — for the accuracy and wisdom with which they have settled their territory; for the decency of their manners; for their early love of letters [learning]; their ancient college, the first in this hemisphere; for their industry, 9 which to me, who am but a farmer, is the criterion of everything. There never was a people, situated as they are, who with so ungrateful a soil have done more in so short a time. Do you think that the monarchial ingredients which are more prevalent in other governments have purged them from all foul stains? Their histories assert the contrary.

In this great American asylum [haven], the poor of Europe have by some means met together, and in consequence of various causes. To what purpose should they ask one another what countrymen they are? Alas, two thirds of them had no country. Can a wretch who wanders about, who works and starves, whose life is a continual scene of sore affliction or pinching penury [extreme poverty] — can that man call England or any other kingdom his country? A country that had no bread for him, whose fields procured him no harvest, who met with nothing but the frowns of the rich, the severity of the laws, with jails and punishments, who owned not a single foot of the extensive surface of this planet? No! urged by a variety of motives, here they came. Everything has tended to regenerate them — new laws, a new a new mode of living, a new social system. Here they are become men. In Europe they were as so many useless plants. Wanting [lacking] vegetative mold and refreshing showers,
they withered and were mo wed down by want, hunger, and war; but now, by the power of transplantation, like all other plants they have taken root and flourished!
Formerly they were not numbered in any civil list of their country, except in those of the poor. Here they rank as citizens. By what invisible power has this su rprising metamorphosis been performed? By that of the laws and that of their industry. The laws, the i ndulgent laws, protect them as they arrive, stamping on them the symbol of adoption. They receive ampl e rewards for their labors; these accumulated rewards procure them lands; those lands confer on them the title of freemen, and to that title every benefit is affixed which men can possibly require. This is the great operation daily performed by our laws. From whence proceed these laws? From our government. Whence that government? It is derived from the original genius and strong desire of the people, ra tified and confirmed by government. This is the great chain which links us all; this is the picture which every province exhibits, Nova Scotia excepted. There the crown [British government] has done all. Either  there were no people who had genius or it was not much attended to. The consequence is that the province is very thinly inhabited indeed. The power of the crown, in conjunction with the mosquitoes, has prev ented men from settling there. Yet some part of it flourished once, and it contained a mild harmless set of people. But for the fault of a few leaders, the whole were banished. The greatest political error the crown ev er committed in America was to cut off men from a country which wanted nothing but men!

[1386 words]

Source: http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=3&psid=3644

rinkabokka

Time2-2:24
Time3-1:49
Time4-1:45
Time5-1:42
obstacle-9:41
越障没怎么懂 找到篇译文

首先是出处： 本文是美国历史文化研究史上的名篇，常被录入有关教材，尤其是向外国人介绍美国的教材。本文摘自美国新闻署出版的Reflections on the Americans and American Character（原书翻译见本人与贾文山同志合译，由北京工人出版社1989年出版的《美国，没有童年》）,是该散文集的首篇。此处译文是笔者在89年译文的基础上经过进一步润色而成的修改稿。在此仅选取全文第一段做尽可能做详细的注解，希望对爱好翻译的朋友有一定的参考价值。

但愿我能熟悉那种必将鼓动人心的感情和思想，并且在一个开明的英国人首次踏上这片大陆时，将这种思想和感情原原本本地展现在他眼前，他一定会大爲高兴，在有生之年看到这片美丽的国土被人发现和定居。当他观看装点着这延绵不断的海岸上的一连串殖民地时，他必定会感到一份民族自豪。这时他对自己说这是我的同胞们干的，他们是在受派别骚扰，爲各种不幸和贫困感到痛苦，并且烦躁不安时，来到这里避难的。他们带来了他们的民族精神，他们现在能享有这样的自由并且拥有这样的物质财富主要应归功于这种精神。在这里他看到祖国的工业以新的方式展现出来，从他们一点一滴的劳动成果里可以看到在欧洲繁荣的所有艺术、科学和创造力的萌芽。在这里他看到美丽的城市，富足的乡村，广阔的田野，一个到处是漂亮的房子、良好的道路、果园、草地和桥梁的大国家，而在一百年以前，这里还是荒野、树林和未开垦的土地！

这美妙的景象定会引起人们愉快的联想，这前景必将激起一个好公民最舒心的快感。难点在于怎样来看这幅如此广阔的景像。他是来到一个新大陆，来到一个现代社会，一个与他迄今所见过的社会不同的社会，这个社会本身就可供他思考。这不是像欧洲那样是由拥有一切的贵族老爷和一无所有的群氓组成的社会。这里没有贵族家庭，没有宫殿，没有国王，没有主教，没有教会控制，没有给少数人显赫权力的那种无形的权力，没有雇佣几千人的制造商，没有穷极奢侈。富人和穷人不像在欧洲那样相差甚远。除了几个城镇之外，从新斯科舍到西佛罗里达，我们都是耕地的。我们是一个耕者民族，散居在一片巨大的领土上，通过良好的道路和可通航的河流相互交流，由温和政府的丝带把我们联在一起，大家都尊重法律而不畏惧其权力，因爲法律是公平的。我们生气勃勃，充满实业精神，这种精神已破除去镣拷，不受任何约束，因爲我们每个人都是爲自己工作的。如果他到我们的农村地区旅行，他看到的不是充满敌意的城堡和高傲的豪华大厦与土筑的茅屋及悲惨的小屋形成对照，不是牛和人相依取暖，居住在鄙陋、烟雾和贫困之中的茅屋。我们所有的住所一律都显示出相当的财力，连我们木屋中最差的一间也是干燥舒适的。律师和商人是我们城镇提供的最好听的头衔，而农民则是我们国家乡村居民的唯一称号。他必须经过一段时间才会适应我们的词汇，在我们的词典里缺少有关名流权贵的词以及高官显爵的名称。星期天，他可在那儿看到一群可敬的农民和他们的妻子，他们都穿着整齐的家纺衣服，骑着马或乘着他们自己简陋的四轮马车。他们当中除了那个目不识丁的执事，没有一个乡绅。在那儿，他看到牧师跟他的教徒一样朴实，牧师也是农民，并不靠别人的劳动来享受。我们没有我们要爲他们劳苦、受饿和流血的王爷，我们的社会是世界上现存的最完美的社会……
　　
这位旅行者的下一个愿望便是要知道这些人是从何处来的?他们是英格兰人、苏格兰人、爱尔兰人、法国人、荷兰人、德国人和瑞典人的混杂。由这种混杂而繁衍産生了一个现叫作美国人的种族。东部省份的确是例外，他们是纯英国人后裔。我也听到许多人希望他们能有更多的混和。至于我自己，我是现实的，我认爲现在这样更好。在这幅伟大的杂色图画里，他们展现出一幅最引人注目的图像。在这十三个省展现出的令人喜悦的前景里，有一大部分是他们的。我知道对他们说三道四是眼下的时髦，但我尊重他们所做的事，他们准确而明智地定居到他们的领地上，他们举止端庄，从小就热爱文学知识，他们办的古老学院是这个半球的第一所学院，他们办的工业对我这一介农夫来说就是一切事物的准绳。从来没有一个民族处于他们这样的情形，在这麽短的时间内，在这麽荒凉的土地上，取得比他们更大的成功。你是否认爲在其它政府中占优势的君主成分已经使那些政府清除了所有的污点?他们的历史证实恰恰相反。
　　
在这个巨大的美洲避难所里，欧洲的穷人总得以某种方式相会，由于各种各样的原因，他们爲什麽要互相问是哪国人呢?哎，他们中三分之二没有国家。一个到处流浪的可怜人，一个终日辛劳却还忍饥挨饿的人，一个总是生活在痛苦或赤贫如洗的境遇里的人，会把英国或其它王国称作自己的国家吗?一个没有面包给他吃的国家，在这个国家里他的土地没有收成，他遇到的只是富人的白眼，严厉的法律，监狱和惩罚，在这广阔的星球表面上他连一寸土地都没有，他能把这个国家叫做自己的国家吗?不！由于受各种各样的动机所驱使，他们来到这里。这里的一切都促使他们获得新生，新的法律，新的生活方式，新的社会制度，在这里他们才是人；而在欧洲，他们就像是许多无用的草木，缺乏生长的沃土和清新的雨水，他们枯萎了，由于贫困、饥饿和战争而被割除掉。但是，现在通过移植的力量，他们就像其它植物一样，已经扎下根并且生长茂盛。以前他们除了被列入穷人的名单外，没有被列入他们国家的公民名单，而在这里，他被排在公民之列。是由什麽无形的力量来进行这种令人吃惊的蜕变?那是由于法律的力量和他们勤劳的力量。他们一到这里，法律──宽容的法律就保护他们，给他们盖上接纳的标志。他们付出的劳动能得到充足的报酬，这些报酬积累起来就使他们能获得土地，这些土地又使他们获得自由人的称号，随着这个称号他们可得到人可能要求得到的一切利益，这就是我们的法律每天所进行的伟大工作……  少了最后一段

Mint静默

板凳。。

---

狂补作业啊啊啊~~练口语去了

T2 2'18''
T3 2'30''
T4 2'15''
T5 1'12''

xiaosunflower

占座，，心情好，，啦啦啦

好长啊，，，，

2：29
2：32
2：05
1：26

10：01

听力还没做

晓野的野

好长................................
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历史什么的简直就是无力啊啊啊
这个人怎么了..怎么又被抓了....怎么又放了...怎么又火了...呜呜呜
看的一片混乱
2:20
2:26
2:28
今天先看了前三篇，我实在是困......

vincytao

前排占座〜〜

not in my scope of understanding

Time 2  2’31’’

Early events about Kamenev, especially about the events in the Party

Time 3  2’29’’

A lot of failures in the Party. And was expelled from the position.

Time 4  2’21’’

He was expelled from the party 3 times. And forced to take the murder of Kirov and was sentenced 10 years to prison.

Time 5  1’30’’

He and the other old Bolsheviks were shot as well as their families.

Obstacle 8’47’’

枣糕兔

占座吧~~

————————————————————作业线——————————————————————

Speed
02'36
02'46
02'39
01'26
article 1
Political career of【Lev Kamenev】
He first joined Lenin and became his right arm during the historic Russian revolution.
Kamenev, however, took a wrong position and disappointed Lenin when he suggested a negociation with the anti-Bolshevik force. His support fell short easily due to the collapse of the anti force and Lenin took back his power again.
Then Kamenev resigned from his position and was called a "deserter" by Lenin.

Kemenev and Z, who was deserted altogether with K, didn't just give up. Instead, they【broke】with Stalin and the New Opposition was founded and Z was re-elected as Politburo. K continued to struggle even when his speech was interrupted so many times by his opponents that all of his struggle to be understood were in vain.
Then K was excluded from the Communist Party.

K and Z wrote to the Communist Party to admit their mistakes and regret, and therefore were readmitted into the Party at mid-level position. They were, however, excluded again outside the party during the【Ryutin】affair.
And they repeated their early behaviour and got readmitted again until expelled again after the murder of someone= =
This time, K wrote a letter directly signed to Stalin to convey his humble admiration of his leader and beg for mercy and forgiveness. Z was sentenced to 10 years and K 5 years【, and another 10 year for other cases.】

K and Z, along with other Old Bolshevik, were put on trials to convict their crimes of founding terrorist organizations and【set the stage】for the exaggerated trials against the Old Bolsheviks.
K was shot and so did his family, except his youngest son.

Obstacle
09'00
Main idea: The author portrayed the vision of American eyes with obvious sentiment, which I'm not sure I want to repeat in my head....

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今天的文史哲真的好长……speed文章很好~ 今天的速度一边读一边脑子里全是高中学的列宁和布尔什维克的历史TUT
越障越读越糊涂……算了不适合我= =没有仔细写回忆

yhspark

占座～～
speaker太长以后再听，但考过雅思的人表示BBC听起来耳熟一些，哈哈
速度：
2'03
2'16
1'58
1'20

越障：
8'13
How the early US was different from Europe.
-beginning: how a Britishman sees new England
-difference between N.E and Europe:
--equality：few aristocracy
--ppl's "home country" conciusness: from many ethnics
--a new place for ppl.(all the new things: law, government, industry...)
--citizenship, not monarch.

yudihelisa

2'12
2'16
2'13
1'38
8'32
timer还好~~障碍读得我头有点痛哈哈~

flonacui

1. 2'48''
The early life and career about Kamenev.
He helped Lenin in many aspects and Lenin never forgot his behavior.
2. 2'15''
The intro-party fighting.
The congress expelled Kamenev.
significance: pave the way for...
3. 2'25''
Z and K finally submissioned to Stalin.
Z and K had sentence in prison.
4. 1'18''
The Z, K and their families received punishment.
obstacle 4'02'
I really got no idea

lxskyfly

book a seat~thank you Shatong!
--
Speaker: listen randomly, maybe it's bit of long for me to digest. = =
Speed:
TIME2  2'43
- simple intro to politician career for K.
- what role K played in Russia October Revolution.
TIME3  3'10
- attitudes of K to Stalin(break up) and other organizations(seek for understanding).
[有一种句句都读得懂，但是连在一起就是不make sense的感觉.....大概是对这段历史太不了解= =]
TIME4  2'29
- process from successive opposition and submission to Stalin, together with inactive presecution politically.
TIME5  1'35
- final trail for K, which is notable for all B.
- similar fate was imposed on K's families following.