【每日阅读训练第四期——速度越障19系列】【19-18】文史哲

ElenW

今天去看来中国合伙人 WOW 心潮之澎湃。。。。。教授的土样吐乃义乌 太牛了。。。。。。看了之后想法好多。。。今天的是看着长但是都不是很难哈 頑張って！
SPEED
[Time1]
While tour operators and department stores from New York to Paris court Chinese visitors to boost their coffers, one of the country's top leaders has warned that ill-behaved tourists are damaging the national image.
Wang Yang, one of China's four deputy prime ministers, said that while other countries had welcomed Chinese tourism, the quality of some travelers was not high.
He said: "They speak loudly in public, carve characters on tourist attractions, cross the road when the traffic lights are still red, spit anywhere and [carry out] some other uncivilized behavior. It damages the image of the Chinese people and has a very bad impact."
Wang told a government meeting that officials should guide tourists "to consciously obey social and public order and social morality, respect the local religions and customs, pay attention to their words and behavior in the public, especially in the international environment, protect tourism resources and protect the environment", Xinhua, the state news agency, reported. Wang said tourists should be ambassadors for China's image.
Wang's complaint about graffiti may have been inspired by a domestic incident: there was anger recently when a vandal carved "Liang Qiqi was here" into a relic at Beijing's Forbidden City.
Chinese people made 70m overseas trips in 2011, according to the World Tourism Organization, which predicted the annual total would rise to 100m by the end of the decade. That figure included trips to Hong Kong and Macau, run under the "one country, two systems" framework.
Though on average they spend less than their western counterparts, their sheer number means that China has become the highest-spending nation for outbound tourism. Its tourists spent $102bn (£67bn) overseas last year, compared with the $84bn that German and US tourists spent, according to the UN World Tourism Organization.
Chinese tourists have raised concerns about the behavior of their hosts, too – including a lack of language skills and poor planning in South Korea to bullying guides in Hong Kong, the lack of hot water in Italian hotel rooms and the UK's "unfriendly" visa system. Britain promised this week that it would try to simplify visa applications.
According to Visit Britain, the UK has seen a 39% rise in visits from China over the past five years. It welcomed 150,000 Chinese visitors last year, who between them spent £240m.
(368)
[Time2]Business education Field of dreams
       Harvard Business School reinvents its MBA course
YOUNG mums shopping in the Copley Mall in downtown Boston last month found themselves being questioned about their use of soap by students from Harvard Business School. The students were not doing odd jobs to earn beer money. They were preparing to help a firm in Brazil launch an antibacterial cleanser.
Fieldwork—ie, going out and talking to people—is a big change for HBS. Its students used to sit in a classroom and discuss case studies written by professors. Now they may also work in a developing country and launch a start-up. “Learning by doing” will become the norm, if a radical overhaul of the MBA curriculum succeeds.
The 900 students arriving in Boston this summer for their two-year course were told they would be guinea pigs. The new practical addition to HBS’s curriculum is known as “FIELD” (Field Immersion Experiences for Leadership Development). Not all the staff and students are overjoyed to be experimented on. But the man responsible, Nitin Nohria, who became dean of HBS in July 2010, says that “if it works, the FIELD method could become an equal partner to the case method.”
Long before he became dean, Mr Nohria lamented the failure of business schools to fulfill their mission of turning management into a profession similar to law or medicine. Asked what should be expected from someone with an MBA, he replies that “obviously, they should master a body of knowledge. But we should also expect them to apply that knowledge with some measure of judgment.” MBA students have long been sent on summer internships with prospective employers, but HBS, like most business schools, did little else to help them with the practical application of management studies.
What happens in the second year of the new course is still being worked out. But the first year has three elements. First, team-building exercises. Students take turns to lead a group engaged in a project such as designing an “eco-friendly sculpture”. They learn to collaborate and to give and take feedback. These exercises are loosely based on ones used in the US army.
(347)[Time3]
Second, students will be sent to work for a week with one of more than 140 firms in 11 countries. Already the new intake have had conference calls with these companies, ranging from the Brazilian soapmaker to a Chinese property firm, and gone off-campus to conduct product-development “dashes” like the one in Copley Mall. This sort of structured learning-by-doing is a world away from HBS’s traditional encouragement of students to “go on an adventure” outside of classes.
In the third novel part of the course, students will be given eight weeks, and seed money of $3,000 each, to launch a small company. The most successful, as voted by their fellow students, will get more funding. It remains to be seen if this amounts to much more than a souped-up business-plan competition, though Mr Nohria says he hopes some real businesses will be created. (If only HBS had thought of this when Bill Gates was thinking of starting Microsoft, or Mark Zuckerberg was creating Facebook—perhaps the school would have received shares in those firms.)
It is unclear how much the one-week working assignments will achieve. Pankaj Ghemawat, a management guru, says “the literature suggests that an immersion experience needs to be at least 2-3 weeks and be backed up with time in the classroom.” The HBS students’ classroom preparation will have to be pretty thorough, then, to make up for the brevity of their field trips. Moreover, some of the HBS alumni who have agreed to offer work experience at their firms say they are unsure what meaningful work they can offer the students.
Privately, some faculty members are skeptical that all this change will be worthwhile. In January, the vote in favour of trying the field method was “as enthusiastic as you could get from a faculty,” says Mr Nohria, wryly. He wisely ensured that ownership of the idea was widely spread by delegating design of the new curriculum to several faculty committees. The vote gave the go-ahead to run a “delicate experiment for 3-5 years to see if we can move the needle”, he says, compared with the 13 years it took to develop the case method into more or less what it is today.
The experiment does not come cheap, adding 10-15% to the course’s cost (students pay at least $84,000 a year), which HBS will bear while it figures out what works. A lot is at stake. For where Harvard leads, other universities may follow.
(409)
[Time4] Swapping gems for cash
           What next for South Africa's foremost mining family?
MOST people would be overjoyed to pocket $5.1 billion. But Nicky Oppenheimer, the chairman of De Beers, said that it was with a heavy heart that his family had decided to sell its remaining 40% stake in the world's biggest diamond miner to Anglo American, a mining behemoth. The deal marks the end of an era for South Africa's foremost mining dynasty.
The Oppenheimers have been in the diamond business for more than a century, including over 80 years with De Beers. Nicky's grandfather Ernest settled in South Africa in 1902, having been posted to the diamond-boom town of Kimberley at the age of 22 as an agent for a London-based firm of gem traders. By 1917 he had set up his own mining company, Anglo American. A few years later he won control of De Beers, a diamond miner that had been founded in 1880 by Cecil Rhodes, a British-born colonialist. By the time Rhodes died in 1902, De Beers controlled 90% of the world's diamond production. Rhodes's immense fortune still pays for people like Bill Clinton to study at Oxford.
Since 1929, when Sir Ernest (knighted for war services in 1921) took over as chairman, the Oppenheimers have led De Beers almost without interruption, massaging the price of diamonds by hoarding them and occasionally selling part of the firm's stockpile. The family has wielded political influence, too, mostly bankrolling liberal causes. Both Ernest and his son Harry served in South Africa’s parliament: Ernest for 14 years in the run-up to the second world war, and Harry for nine years as a member of the anti-apartheid opposition.
(268)
[Time5]
Of late, however, the family's influence has waned. Some wonder whether Nicky and his son Jonathan have the same drive and acumen as their swashbuckling forebears. And Anglo American, the firm their family founded (and in which it now has a stake of 2%), moved its headquarters to London in 1999. Nicky Oppenheimer insists that the family will stay connected with South Africa: they are still based in Johannesburg.
What will the Oppenheimers do with their new pile of cash? The deal will take months to complete, so they have time to ponder. Under its terms, they are barred from dabbling in diamonds for two years. But other possibilities abound.
The family has two investment arms. One, called Stockdale Street Capital, invests largely in medium-sized firms in South Africa. The other, Tana Africa Capital, is a joint venture with Singapore's sovereign-wealth fund, Temasek, and invests in the rest of Africa. Among other things, it holds a stake in a Nigerian firm that sells powdered milk, and it plans to build up five to ten substantial firms over the next decade.
At the moment, Tana is focused on fast-moving consumer goods and agriculture, and to a lesser extent on building materials, health and education. The new money could go into any or all of these areas, says James Teeger, a family spokesman. And the Oppenheimers may also look at infrastructure and energy, two of the hottest businesses south of the Sahara. Nicky Oppenheimer is said to be furiously jetting around looking for shrewd places to inject his cash.
(257)
OBSTACLE
The world's next great leap forward
Towards the end of poverty
Nearly 1 billion people have been taken out of extreme poverty in 20 years. The world should aim to do the same again
Jun 1st 2013 |From the print edition
IN HIS inaugural address in 1949 Harry Truman said that “more than half the people in the world are living in conditions approaching misery. For the first time in history, humanity possesses the knowledge and skill to relieve the suffering of those people.” It has taken much longer than Truman hoped, but the world has lately been making extraordinary progress in lifting people out of extreme poverty. Between 1990 and 2010, their number fell by half as a share of the total population in developing countries, from 43% to 21%—a reduction of almost 1 billion people.
Now the world has a serious chance to redeem Truman's pledge to lift the least fortunate. Of the 7 billion people alive on the planet, 1.1 billion subsist below the internationally accepted extreme-poverty line of $1.25 a day. Starting this week and continuing over the next year or so, the UN's usual Who's Who of politicians and officials from governments and international agencies will meet to draw up a new list of targets to replace the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which were set in September 2000 and expire in 2015. Governments should adopt as their main new goal the aim of reducing by another billion the number of people in extreme poverty by 2030.
Take a bow, capitalism
Nobody in the developed world comes remotely close to the poverty level that $1.25 a day represents. America's poverty line is $63 a day for a family of four. In the richer parts of the emerging world $4 a day is the poverty barrier. But poverty's scourge is fiercest below $1.25 (the average of the 15 poorest countries' own poverty lines, measured in 2005 dollars and adjusted for differences in purchasing power): people below that level live lives that are poor, nasty, brutish and short. They lack not just education, health care, proper clothing and shelter—which most people in most of the world take for granted—but even enough food for physical and mental health. Raising people above that level of wretchedness is not a sufficient ambition for a prosperous planet, but it is a necessary one.
The world's achievement in the field of poverty reduction is, by almost any measure, impressive. Although many of the original MDGs—such as cutting maternal mortality by three-quarters and child mortality by two-thirds—will not be met, the aim of halving global poverty between 1990 and 2015 was achieved five years early.
The MDGs may have helped marginally, by creating a yardstick for measuring progress, and by focusing minds on the evil of poverty. Most of the credit, however, must go to capitalism and free trade, for they enable economies to grow—and it was growth, principally, that has eased destitution. Poverty rates started to collapse towards the end of the 20th century largely because developing-country growth accelerated, from an average annual rate of 4.3% in 1960-2000 to 6% in 2000-10. Around two-thirds of poverty reduction within a country comes from growth. Greater equality also helps, contributing the other third. A 1% increase in incomes in the most unequal countries produces a mere 0.6% reduction in poverty; in the most equal countries, it yields a 4.3% cut.
China (which has never shown any interest in MDGs) is responsible for three-quarters of the achievement. Its economy has been growing so fast that, even though inequality is rising fast, extreme poverty is disappearing. China pulled 680m people out of misery in 1981-2010, and reduced its extreme-poverty rate from 84% in 1980 to 10% now.
That is one reason why (as the briefing explains) it will be harder to take a billion more people out of extreme poverty in the next 20 years than it was to take almost a billion out in the past 20. Poorer governance in India and Africa, the next two targets, means that China's experience is unlikely to be swiftly replicated there. Another reason is that the bare achievement of pulling people over the $1.25-a-day line has been relatively easy in the past few years because so many people were just below it. When growth makes them even slightly better off, it hauls them over the line. With fewer people just below the official misery limit, it will be more difficult to push large numbers over it.
So caution is justified, but the goal can still be achieved. If developing countries maintain the impressive growth they have managed since 2000; if the poorest countries are not left behind by faster-growing middle-income ones; and if inequality does not widen so that the rich lap up all the cream of growth—then developing countries would cut extreme poverty from 16% of their populations now to 3% by 2030. That would reduce the absolute numbers by 1 billion. If growth is a little faster and income more equal, extreme poverty could fall to just 1.5%—as near to zero as is realistically possible. The number of the destitute would then be about 100m, most of them in intractable countries in Africa. Misery's billions would be consigned to the annals of history.
Markets v misery
That is a lot of ifs. But making those things happen is not as difficult as cynics profess. The world now knows how to reduce poverty. A lot of targeted policies—basic social safety nets and cash-transfer schemes, such as Brazil's Bolsa Família—help. So does binning policies like fuel subsidies to Indonesia's middle class and China's hukou household-registration system (see article) that boost inequality. But the biggest poverty-reduction measure of all is liberalising markets to let poor people get richer. That means freeing trade between countries (Africa is still cruelly punished by tariffs) and within them (China's real great leap forward occurred because it allowed private business to grow). Both India and Africa are crowded with monopolies and restrictive practices.
Many Westerners have reacted to recession by seeking to constrain markets and roll globalisation back in their own countries, and they want to export these ideas to the developing world, too. It does not need such advice. It is doing quite nicely, largely thanks to the same economic principles that helped the developed world grow rich and could pull the poorest of the poor out of destitution.
(1034)

杀G给猴看

中国合伙人同赞！！

草莓葡萄

~~~~~~~~~~占第一页~~~~~~~~~~~~~·

2:03 Chinese tourists’ manner is a problem that cutdown international image of China.

2:01 New practical method for HBS MBA students is FIELD.

2:05 3 elements for prepare the new course—team buildingexercise, working exercise, invest exercise. Then, the article introduced theconcern about the new course achievement.

1:25 The article introduced De Beers who is themost famous diamond chairman in Africa and his carving history.

1:12 The family’s business development—two maininvestment field.

6:42 The introduction of poverty in the word.

     Chinacontributed to decrease the poverty in the word.

     Africaand India, how to reduce the poverty？

铁板二米

首页打卡，谢谢分享。

Elen这篇文好像没有放到小分队的分类下，不容易找，呵呵。

交作业
Time1 2'17"
Time2 1'41"
Time3 1'53"
Time4 1'12"
Time5 1'08"
Obstacle 5'11"

yyjfantasy

啊。。。在小分队版刷了半天。。原来在这里、、、
速度：
1.2'26''
2.2'18''
3.2'05''
4. 1'36''
5. 1'30''
越障：6'33''
1.About 1 billion people are out of extreme poverty.
2.Governments should have new lists of targets to reduce the number of people in extreme poverty.
3.People in poor level are facing very tough situations. Helping them is a necessary ambition.
4.The MDGs have helped poor people in two ways.
5.Two reasons why it will be harder to finish the target in the next 20 years.
6.Some possibility to achieve the goal.
7.global markets help countries in every level to have improvement.

Sylvia77

Speed
1、2：19  China tourists are damaging the national image.

2、2：17 The students of HBS have a big change-they going out and talking to people. This is a new curriculum called FIELD. Introduce FOELD.

3、2：46 The course' s  second and third part. The achievement of this method is unclear, while some faculty members are skeptical that all this chafe will be worthwhile. The cost of this course, and other universities may follow Harvard.

4、1：08 Nicky O 's family had decided to sell its remaining 40%. De Beer' s history.

5、1：27 How will the Oppenhimers use their new pile of cash.

OBSTACLE
5:06
---Politicians and officials from governments and international agencies will meet to draw up a new list of targets to replace the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).Governments should adopt as their main new goal the aim of reducing by another billion the number of people in extreme poverty by 2030.
---The MDGs may have helped marginally, by creating a yardstick for measuring progress, and by focusing minds on the evil of poverty.China (which has never shown any interest in MDGs) is responsible for three-quarters of the achievement. But the experience is unlikely to be swiftly replicated India. So it will be harder to take a billion more people out of extreme poverty in the next 20 years .
---What should India and Africa do to eliminate the poverty?

solocat1014

2'57  the concern about chinese' behaviors in the international environment would impact the image.
2'04
2'05
1'40  diamond faimly history
1'23
obstacle
6'43 The porvety reduced in the past years.
       the best measure to reduce poor is the free market.

erintan06

T1 (03min): Chinese visitors in other countries
T2 (2min08s) T3 (2min30) : HBS tried to revolution its MBA teaching method to "learning by dong"
T4 (1min 59s) The history of Debeer, which was once South Africa's foremost mining company owned by a family.
T5 (1min50s)
障碍赛：
The MDG created a yardstick of measureing progress and focused mind on the evil of poverty.
Captalism, free trade and equality help solve the poverty.
Timing of sloving the poverty explains why China, India and other countries  solve the poverty with different effort.

kingarthur00

2'15
The author explains the issue for the poor public behavior during the tourism to the foreign country. In order to solve the issue, the Chinese government should take actions to take care about the public images issue, with the rapid growth of Chinese tourism.

2'27
In order to train the students to get more practical measurement and justification, the FIELD curriculum has been tried by HBS to involve in the case study, although not all respond actively.

2'30
The first years there are three elements need to complete by the students, the team-building, pratically work the corporations covered almost the whole world countries, and try to found start-up company.For the costly reforming course replacing with the traditional case study, some faculties propose that they are not sure about the effect.

1'34
The O diamond tycoon will sell the diamond corporation, the deal representing the end of the Mining Dynasty of South Africa. With retro back, the author introduce the development process of O in the business and political areas.

1'45
The Diamond coporation built by O relocated in London, but the O persist to live in South Africa. O holds two investment arms, one investing the medium-business in South Africa and another joint venture, withSingapore partner, doing milk business in Negiria and investing lots of secondary industry in Africa, energy and infrastructure.

6'47
The world has relieved half of the poverty from 43% poverty to 21% poverty, geting earily success to meet the aim of Millineum Develpment Plan at the first step.

But the world need to further relief the porverty.

The past huge success in reducing poverty occured, both because the fast growing economy happen in the developing countries in developing and the gradual equality degree happen in the world.
In China, for example, the fast growth economy help relief two third of the poverty, although the inequality also grow fast.

But in the next 20years, it is hard for India to be republica of China, not only due to the fast growth economy, but also due to the less property left, the more difficulty to relieve property in the comparing amount.

Fortunately, if those developing countries could still grow fast, and will not enlarge the equality, and will not largely expand the middle class and lower class level, these developing countries still hold chances.

Although there are lots of  "ifs", the method to solution these problems is to be trade free both inside and outside of thoese developing countries, and the free trading method fortunatly has yet been illustrated by developed countries. Thanks LZ

kingarthur00

咦，我也上首页啦