高智威阅读机经26+1分析

manad

这题我选的是c

d选项，它的意思是不是说，这图是16，000年画的，但在这之后发生了其他的变化，比如说它继续进化了，所以就没有hump了,所以不能说图就是错的。
那么如果在这句话后面有进一步说明16000年之间发生了什么事的话，那么我觉得d选项就更加strong了。
对比c选项，fatty tissue不能被化石化，所以图里有，而化石里没有，因此图也不能说是错的。不需要有其他的进一步说明。

其实这题我还有纠结的是e选项，因为它貌似最学术。不过好像不怎么make sense. haha

第九篇讲的是鹿背上的hump，是一道逻辑题。

The last members of a now-extinct species of a European wild deer called the giant dear lived in
Ireland about 16,000 years ago. Prehistoric cave paintings in France depict this animal as having a
large hump on its back. Fossils of this animal, however, do not show any hump. Nevertheless, there is
no reason to conclude that the cave paintings are therefore inaccurate in this regard, since ______.

A some prehistoric cave paintings in France also depict other animals as having a hump
B fossils of the giant deer are much more common in Ireland than in France
C animal humps are composed of fatty tissue, which dose not fossilize
D the cave paintings of the giant deer were painted well before 16,000 years ago
E only one currently existing species of deer has any anatomical feature that even remotely resembles a
hump

文章只有三句话，基本都处于转折、再转折的逻辑关系中。
第一句讲最后一支现存的欧洲野生鹿种，叫giant deer，曾经生活在16000年以前的爱尔兰。
第二句，法国的史前洞穴壁画在画这种动物的时候都是有驼峰的。
第三句转折，但是，这些动物的化石都没有表明它们有驼峰。
第四句继续转折，但是，这也不能表明洞穴壁画就是错的，因为。。。。。

最要命在于这篇文章没有答案，我个人比较倾向于选D。因为我觉得这句话需要选的应该还是一句表述洞穴壁画如何如何的句子。A项没有啥说服力，其他动物画不画驼峰没有办法证明giant deer有驼峰是正确的。我觉得B项不对是因为，文章里并没有说没有驼峰的化石是哪里的。C项是纠结我的一个选项，我觉得这一项也挺好。E项读起来感觉像是在证明化石是正确的，壁画是错的。
对于逻辑题，没有什么做题思路，不知道从哪里看逻辑关系，请大家给建议啊！

-- by 会员 psyche89 (2013/1/15 2:54:35)

psyche89

C给我的感觉是，如果驼峰那部分不能被石化的话，那原文的讨论就没有意义了。因为如果注定了化石里就不可能观察到驼峰的话，那化石就不可能作为一个驳斥壁画错误的论据了呀。不知道表述清楚了没？

psyche89

C给我的感觉是，如果驼峰那部分不能被石化的话，那原文的讨论就没有意义了。因为如果注定了化石里就不可能观察到驼峰的话，那化石就不可能作为一个驳斥壁画错误的论据了呀。不知道表述清楚了没？

这题我选的是c

d选项，它的意思是不是说，这图是16，000年画的，但在这之后发生了其他的变化，比如说它继续进化了，所以就没有hump了,所以不能说图就是错的。
那么如果在这句话后面有进一步说明16000年之间发生了什么事的话，那么我觉得d选项就更加strong了。
对比c选项，fatty tissue不能被化石化，所以图里有，而化石里没有，因此图也不能说是错的。不需要有其他的进一步说明。

其实这题我还有纠结的是e选项，因为它貌似最学术。不过好像不怎么make sense. haha

第九篇讲的是鹿背上的hump，是一道逻辑题。

The last members of a now-extinct species of a European wild deer called the giant dear lived in
Ireland about 16,000 years ago. Prehistoric cave paintings in France depict this animal as having a
large hump on its back. Fossils of this animal, however, do not show any hump. Nevertheless, there is
no reason to conclude that the cave paintings are therefore inaccurate in this regard, since ______.

A some prehistoric cave paintings in France also depict other animals as having a hump
B fossils of the giant deer are much more common in Ireland than in France
C animal humps are composed of fatty tissue, which dose not fossilize
D the cave paintings of the giant deer were painted well before 16,000 years ago
E only one currently existing species of deer has any anatomical feature that even remotely resembles a
hump

文章只有三句话，基本都处于转折、再转折的逻辑关系中。
第一句讲最后一支现存的欧洲野生鹿种，叫giant deer，曾经生活在16000年以前的爱尔兰。
第二句，法国的史前洞穴壁画在画这种动物的时候都是有驼峰的。
第三句转折，但是，这些动物的化石都没有表明它们有驼峰。
第四句继续转折，但是，这也不能表明洞穴壁画就是错的，因为。。。。。

最要命在于这篇文章没有答案，我个人比较倾向于选D。因为我觉得这句话需要选的应该还是一句表述洞穴壁画如何如何的句子。A项没有啥说服力，其他动物画不画驼峰没有办法证明giant deer有驼峰是正确的。我觉得B项不对是因为，文章里并没有说没有驼峰的化石是哪里的。C项是纠结我的一个选项，我觉得这一项也挺好。E项读起来感觉像是在证明化石是正确的，壁画是错的。
对于逻辑题，没有什么做题思路，不知道从哪里看逻辑关系，请大家给建议啊！

-- by 会员 psyche89 (2013/1/15 2:54:35)

-- by 会员 manad (2013/1/16 8:30:39)

manad

可是这里想说的是，有什么情况的存在能够说明那个史前有HUMP的图也不是错的。
hump不能被石化，恰恰说明了根据现有的化石的研究结果不能推出来史前图就是乱画的，自己把hump加上去的。
这么想的话，那么D还是需要之后有个进一步的说明才能证明那图不一定就是错的。


我是这么理解的

C给我的感觉是，如果驼峰那部分不能被石化的话，那原文的讨论就没有意义了。因为如果注定了化石里就不可能观察到驼峰的话，那化石就不可能作为一个驳斥壁画错误的论据了呀。不知道表述清楚了没？

-- by 会员 psyche89 (2013/1/16 12:04:30)

psyche89

我懂你的意思了 嗯嗯。这种题做的好纠结啊，逻辑关系怎么找啊

可是这里想说的是，有什么情况的存在能够说明那个史前有HUMP的图也不是错的。
hump不能被石化，恰恰说明了根据现有的化石的研究结果不能推出来史前图就是乱画的，自己把hump加上去的。
这么想的话，那么D还是需要之后有个进一步的说明才能证明那图不一定就是错的。


我是这么理解的

C给我的感觉是，如果驼峰那部分不能被石化的话，那原文的讨论就没有意义了。因为如果注定了化石里就不可能观察到驼峰的话，那化石就不可能作为一个驳斥壁画错误的论据了呀。不知道表述清楚了没？

-- by 会员 psyche89 (2013/1/16 12:04:30)

-- by 会员 manad (2013/1/16 12:45:55)

psyche89

今天的文章是第12篇，讲法国二月革命的。之所以跳到这一篇是因为这篇有题有答案，我想还是先把这些题目完整的文章整理出来。

In February 1848 the people of Paris rose in revolt against the constitutional monarchy of
Louis-Philippe. Despite the existence of excellent narrative accounts, the February Days, as this revolt
is called, have been largely ignored by social historians of the past two decades. For each of the three
other major insurrections in nineteenth-century Paris—July 1830, June 1848, and May 1871—there
exists at least a sketch of participants’ backgrounds and an analysis, more or less rigorous, of the
reasons for the occurrence of the uprisings. Only in the case of the February Revolution do we lack a
useful description of participants that might characterize it in the light of what social history has taught
us about the process of revolutionary mobilization.

Two reasons for this relative neglect seem obvious. First, the insurrection of February has been
overshadowed by that of June. The February Revolution overthrew a regime, to be sure, but met with
so little resistance that it failed to generate any real sense of historical drama. Its successor, on the other
hand, appeared to pit key socioeconomic groups in a life-or-death struggle and was widely seen by
contemporary observers as marking a historical departure. Through their interpretations, which exert a
continuing influence on our understanding of the revolutionary process, the impact of the events of
June has been magnified, while, as an unintended consequence, the significance of the Februaryinsurrection has been diminished. Second, like other “successful” insurrections, the events of February
failed to generate the most desirable kinds of historical records. Although the June insurrection of 1848
and the Paris Commune of 1871 would be considered watersheds of nineteenth-century French history
by any standard, they also present the social historian with a signal advantage: these failed
insurrections created a mass of invaluable documentation as a by-product of authorities’ efforts to
search out and punish the rebels.

Quite different is the outcome of successful insurrections like those of July 1830 and February
1848. Experiences are retold, but participants typically resume their daily routines without ever
recording their activities. Those who played salient roles may become the objects of highly embellished
verbal accounts or in rare cases, of celebratory articles in contemporary periodicals. And it is true that
the publicly acknowledged leaders of an uprising frequently write memoirs. However, such documents
are likely to be highly unreliable, unrepresentative, and unsystematically preserved, especially when
compared to the detailed judicial dossiers prepared for everyone arrested following a failed insurrection.
As a consequence, it may prove difficult or impossible to establish for a successful revolution a
comprehensive and trustworthy picture of those who participated, or to answer even the most basic
questions one might pose concerning the social origins of the insurgents.

12.1. According to the passage, “a useful description of participants” (lines 11-12) exists for which of
the following insurrections of nineteenth-century France?
I. The July Insurrection of 1830
II. The February Revolution of 1848
III. The June insurrection of 1848
IV. The May insurrection of 1871
(A) I and III only
(B) II and IV only
(C) I, II, and III only
(D) I, III, and IV only
(E) II, III, and IV only

12.2. It can be inferred from the passage that support for the objectives of the February Revolution was
(A) negligible
(B) misguided
(C) fanatical
(D) spontaneous
(E) widespread

12.3. Which of the following, best describes the organization of the second paragraph?
(A) The thesis of the passage is stated and supporting evidence systematically presented.
(B) Two views regarding the thesis presented in the first paragraph are compared and contrasted.
(C) Evidence refuting the thesis presented in the first paragraph is systematically presented.
(D) The thesis presented in the first paragraph is systematically supported.
(E) The thesis presented in the first paragraph is further defined and a conclusion drawn.

12.4. It can be inferred from the passage that the author considers which of the following essential for
understanding a revolutionary mobilization?
(A) A comprehensive theory of revolution that can be applied to the major insurrections of the
nineteenth century
(B) Awareness of the events necessary for a revolution to be successful
(C) Access to narratives and memoirs written by eyewitnesses of a given revolution
(D) The historical perspective provided by the passage of a considerable amount of time
(E) Knowledge of the socioeconomic backgrounds of a revolution’s participants

12.5. Which of the following can be inferred about the “detailed judicial dossiers” referred to in line
49?
(A) Information contained in the dossiers sheds light on the social origins of a revolution’s participants.
(B) The dossiers closely resemble the narratives written by the revolution’s leaders in their personal
memoirs.
(C) The information that such dossiers contain is untrustworthy and unrepresentative of a revolution’s
participants.
(D) Social historians prefer to avoid such dossiers whenever possible because they are excessively
detailed.
(E) The February Revolution of 1848 produced more of these dossiers than did the June insurrection.

12.6. Which of the following is the most logical objection to the claim made in lines 38-39?
(A) The February Revolution of 1848 is much less significant than the July insurrection of 1830.
(B) The backgrounds and motivations of participants in the July insurrection of 1830 have been
identified, however cursorily.
(C) Even less is known about the July insurrection of 1830 than about the February Revolution of
1848.
(D) Historical records made during the July insurrection of 1830 are less reliable than those made
during the May insurrection of 1871.
(E) The importance of the July insurrection of 1830 has been magnified at the expense of the
significance of the February Revolution of 1848.

12.7. With which of the following statements regarding revolution would the author most likely agree?
(A) Revolutionary mobilization requires a great deal of planning by people representing disaffected
groups.
(B) The objectives of the February Revolution were more radical than those of the June insurrection.
(C) The process of revolutionary mobilization varies greatly from one revolution to the next.
(D) Revolutions vary greatly in the usefulness of the historical records that they produce.
(E) As knowledge of the February Revolution increases, chances are good that its importance will
eventually eclipse that of the June insurrection.

psyche89

答案：DEDEABD

首先简单的科普下文章里提到的几个法国重要的事件和人物：July 1830，February Revolution，June 1848，May 1871，Louis-Philippe，Paris Commune。最主要的目的是了解一下这些事件哪些成功了哪些失败了，这是文章的关键。
由于统治不利，加之王室财政出现问题，以及美国独立战争的胜利等等影响，波旁王朝在1789年爆发的法国大革命中被推翻。但是由于法国大革命的不成熟和不彻底，波旁王朝复辟了。但是百姓的不满仍然在加深，因此发生了1830的七月革命（July 1830），推翻了复辟的波旁王朝，上位的是路易－菲利浦（Louis-Philippe），也就是文章第一句话里提到的那位，这个王朝也叫“七月王朝”。这个王朝的掌权者都是极有钱的地主、铁路大亨、银行家等等，文章里叫他们key socioeconomic groups。他们的统治又招来社会各个阶层人民的不满，因此在忍无可忍的情况下，1848年二月革命（February Revolution）就爆发了，它推翻了Louis-Philippe的七月王朝，成立的是法兰西第二共和国。但是这之后工人阶级的日子依旧不好过，于是在同年爆发了六月起义（June 1848），但是失败了。文章里还提到了巴黎公社（Paris Commune），它成立于1871年，它的存在受到了其他方面极大的阻挠，最惨烈的事件是同年发生的五月流血周（May 1871）。注意 惨烈 这个词，这与这篇文章的内容非常有关系，是文章作者认为二月革命被忽视的一个重要原因。当然May 1871和巴黎公社最后的结果是失败的。
科普完毕，分析开始。这篇文章在结构上最大的特点就是对比，用大量的对比来深入阐述文章要讲的内容。

第一段4句话，说的就是二月革命被忽视了。
第一句，开篇引题用的，讲1848年爆发了推翻Louis-Philippe的二月革命。
第二句，引到文章的主旨上了，讲尽管保存有极好的资料，但是二月革命在过去20年间都被社会历史学家忽视了。（这里不知是我没看懂还是咋地，我觉得和后文冲突了，因为后面有讲到二月革命的记录并不怎么好，不知道为什么这里要用excellent这个词）
第三句和第四句是个对比，也是全文的主旨句，文章最后一段完美呼应了这两句。既然前面讲了被忽视，这两句就讲和什么相比二月革命被忽视。和July 1830，June 1848，May 1871这三个革命相比，二月革命被忽视了。因为这三个革命至少都有对参与者的背景的记录，以及革命发生原因的分析。而二月革命缺少对参与者的描述，也无法告诉我们革命的进程是什么样子的。（这里就是我觉得矛盾的地方，前面刚说二月革命有excellent narrative accounts，这里就讲关于二月革命的记录缺这缺那。）第12.1题考这里，问哪些革命记录了参与者的背景，直接对照原文吧。

第二段7句话，按照逻辑，前面讲了二月革命被忽视，后面就要讲被忽视的原因。12.3题就问第二段的结构。
第一句，告诉你下文有两个原因要讲。因此后面几句可以分成两层，第一层是第二到第五句，是第一个原因；第二层是第六、七句，是第二个原因。
第二句说第一个原因。二月之所以显得不重要是因为它的光芒被后面的六月起义给遮盖了。
第三、四句把这两个革命做了对比，进一步解释原因。原文说白了就是，二月革命虽然成功，但是成功的太容易了，都没遇到什么反抗，也没有戏剧性的事件。而六月起义，人家虽然结果失败，但是却让当时的掌权者（key socioeconomic groups，我觉得指的就是前文科普里这个时期掌权的大资本家）陷入生与死的挣扎之中。其实查阅历史也会发现，六月起义获得的评价是灰常灰常高的。（同理，为什么偶像剧里的高富帅男主角，放着白富美不要，偏要找灰姑娘，因为白富美就输在情节没有戏剧性这点上了！）
第五句，总结了第一个原因，说因为上述原因，所以二月革命的重要性就被忽视了。
第六句讲第二个原因，像其它“成功”的革命一样，二月革命没有产生令人满意的历史记录。（这里我的疑问有两个，第一，为什么原文的successful加了引号；第二，这句话与第一段第二句的“excellent narrative accounts”矛盾啊，不解。）
第七句，又拿六月起义（和巴黎公社）作对比，讲这两个革命引人关注不仅仅因为它们是19世纪法国历史的分水岭，更重要的是，这些失败的革命可以提供大量珍贵的资料告诉我们当权者是如何惩罚反叛者（即革命参与者）的。（我觉得这句话后半句是这个意思）

第三段6句话，是续接第二段的第二层，讲成功的革命为啥提供不了失败的革命能提供的那样的资料。
第一句，是这一段的主旨句，说像二月革命和七月革命这样成功的案例，结果是和六月起义这样失败的案例完全不同的。
第二、三、四句是对比革命成功以后不同的人的生活。大部分参与者又恢复到以前的生活中，并且没有什么东西记录他们的活动，而那些曾经在革命中扮演重要角色的人物却成为大家赞扬和膜拜的对象，并且这些leader还总写自传。
第五句直接对比上一段的最后一句，说这些成功后的资料其实是灰常不靠谱的，尤其是跟那些失败后留下的资料一比，就更加不靠谱了。
第六句，总结了这一段，也可以说是总结了二月革命被忽视的第二个原因。就是因为二月革命留下的资料不靠谱，所以我们很难知道成功的革命的参与者们究竟是什么样的，我们甚至都不知道这些革命的起因究竟是啥。回头看文章第一段的最后两句话，完全呼应上了。12.5题就问失败革命留下的资料是啥样的，除了A，其他四项明显说反了。

第12.2题，我错选了B，不明原因。
第12.4题，问文章作者认为什么东西是了解一个革命的关键，答案就是participants的背景，作者在文章里反复的强调了。
12.6题，因为这个文章的行数和题目对不上，我也不知道这题到底问的是哪里，但是我觉得D也挺对的呀。
12.7题，问作者会同意哪个观点，没太看懂D选项说的啥意思。

manad

第二句，引到文章的主旨上了，讲尽管保存有极好的资料，但是二月革命在过去20年间都被社会历史学家忽视了。（这里不知是我没看懂还是咋地，我觉得和后文冲突了，因为后面有讲到二月革命的记录并不怎么好，不知道为什么这里要用excellent这个词）

===============================================================
这个没有冲突，我的理解是，这里是表示，虽然对于二月革命有很好的叙述，但这个叙述并不是很有用的事件记录。
后面也说了，因为二月革命的所有存在叙述里，都没有参与者的背景，而且参与者中写了每天做了什么的流水帐，并没有什么活动或者事件记录，又或者是头头们写得歌功颂德类似一样的文，但这些都没有什么特殊意义，能让后人觉得有必要当作重要的历史大事件来记录的。

第六句讲第二个原因，像其它“成功”的革命一样，二月革命没有产生令人满意的历史记录。
===============================================================
这个双引号确实有点奇怪，我猜，有可能是指，对于成功的起义，失败的起义更加能让后人记住。
因为成功的起义很多都会有类似二月革命事件记录的问题？


12.2我选的是A。同想不通为什么是E答案。
难道是因为第2段中提到的，二月革命本身没有受到什么抵抗阻力就成功了。推出来这是因为大家都普遍支持这个起义，所以就很快成功了？

12.6 我选的也是D，依旧不理解为毛正确答案是B。。。
我定位的是在“Second, like other “successful” insurrections, the events of February
failed to generate the most desirable kinds of historical records. Although the June insurrection of 1848
and the Paris Commune of 1871 would be considered watersheds of nineteenth-century French history”。

12.7 我选的是D。我的理解是因为文中对比了几个革命，因为记录方式和内容的不同，产生的影响也不同。
比如二月革命虽然成功了，但是却不怎么被大家提起。而其他的革命未必成功，有得反而很惨，却被人记住了。
就说明，同样的革命，因为历史记录的不同，它的作用，意义和影响也都不同。

psyche89

这个没有冲突，我的理解是，这里是表示，虽然对于二月革命有很好的叙述，但这个叙述并不是很有用的事件记录。
后面也说了，因为二月革命的所有存在叙述里，都没有参与者的背景，而且参与者中写了每天做了什么的流水帐，并没有什么活动或者事件记录，又或者是头头们写得歌功颂德类似一样的文，但这些都没有什么特殊意义，能让后人觉得有必要当作重要的历史大事件来记录的。
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嗯，这个是在我把整个文章都分析完了以后突然明白的，我也感觉作者的意思是，虽然记录都很光辉灿烂，但是都不靠谱。原文你就不能在excellent上加个引号吗？！非要在什么successful上面加引号。


12.2我选的是A。同想不通为什么是E答案。
难道是因为第2段中提到的，二月革命本身没有受到什么抵抗阻力就成功了。推出来这是因为大家都普遍支持这个起义，所以就很快成功了？
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我觉得很奇怪，因为我都没找到原文中哪里提了objectives（目标）？哪里讲二月革命的目标了？但是题里就问了，我记得好像还不止这一道题问了？难道是我理解错了？


12.7 我选的是D。我的理解是因为文中对比了几个革命，因为记录方式和内容的不同，产生的影响也不同。
比如二月革命虽然成功了，但是却不怎么被大家提起。而其他的革命未必成功，有得反而很惨，却被人记住了。
就说明，同样的革命，因为历史记录的不同，它的作用，意义和影响也都不同。===============================================================
我不理解D选项是因为我觉得他说的是革命随着不同的记录而变化，可是革命是不会变的呀，能随着记录变化的是革命带来的影响呀。我感觉选项里好像没表现出影响这种意思。

psyche89

今天是第13篇 讲小说Mary Barton的，是篇老文章啦，看着有木有很眼熟的赶脚？

Mary Barton, particularly in its early chapters, is a moving response to the suffering of the
industrial worker in the England of the 1840’s. What is most impressive about the book is the intense
and painstaking effort made by the author, Elizabeth Gaskell, to convey the experience of everyday life
in working-class homes. Her method is partly documentary in nature: the novel includes such features
as a carefully annotated reproduction of dialect, the exact details of food prices in an account of a tea
party, an itemized description of the furniture of the Bartons’ living room, and a transcription (again
annotated) of the ballad “The Oldham Weaver.” The interest of this record is considerable, even though
the method has a slightly distancing effect.

As a member of the middle class, Gaskell could hardly help approaching working-class life as an
outside observer and a reporter, and the reader of the novel is always conscious of this fact. But there is
genuine imaginative re-creation in her accounts of the walk in Green Heys Fields, of tea at the Bartons’
house, and of John Barton and his friend’s discovery of the starving family in the cellar in the chapter
“Poverty and Death.” Indeed, for a similarly convincing re-creation of such families’ emotions and
responses (which are more crucial than the material details on which the mere reporter is apt to
concentrate), the English novel had to wait 60 years for the early writing of D. H. Lawrence. If Gaskell
never quite conveys the sense of full participation that would completely authenticate this aspect of
Mary Barton, she still brings to these scenes an intuitive recognition of feelings that has its own
sufficient conviction.

The chapter “Old Alice’s History” brilliantly dramatizes the situation of that early generation of
workers brought from the villages and the countryside to the urban industrial centers. The account of
Job Legh, the weaver and naturalist who is devoted to the study of biology, vividly embodies one kind
of response to an urban industrial environment: an affinity for living things that hardens, by its very
contrast with its environment, into a kind of crankiness. The early chapters—about factory workers
walking out in spring into Green Heys Fields; about Alice Wilson, remembering in her cellar the
twig-gathering for brooms in the native village that she will never again see; about Job Legh, intent on
his impaled insects—capture the characteristic responses of a generation to the new and crushing
experience of industrialism. The other early chapters eloquently portray the development of the
instinctive cooperation with each other that was already becoming an important tradition among
workers.

13.1. Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude toward Gaskell’s use of the method of
documentary record in Mary Barton?
(A) Uncritical enthusiasm
(B) Unresolved ambivalence
(C) Qualified approval
(D) Resigned acceptance
(E) Mild irritation

13.2. According to the passage, Mary Barton and the early novels of D. H. Lawrence share which of
the following?
(A) Depiction of the feelings of working-class families
(B) Documentary objectivity about working-class circumstances
(C) Richly detailed description of working-class adjustment to urban life
(D) Imaginatively structured plots about working-class characters
(E) Experimental prose style based on working-class dialect

13.3. Which of the following is most closely analogous to Job Legh in Mary Barton, as that character is
described in the passage?
(A) An entomologist who collected butterflies as a child
(B) A small-town attorney whose hobby is nature photography
(C) A young man who leaves his family’s dairy farm to start his own business
(D) A city dweller who raises exotic plants on the roof of his apartment building
(E) A union organizer who works in a textile mill under dangerous conditions

13.4. It can be inferred from examples given in the last paragraph of the passage that which of the
following was part of “the new and crushing experience of industrialism” (lines 46-47) for many
members of the English working class in the nineteenth century?
(A) Extortionate food prices
(B) Geographical displacement
(C) Hazardous working conditions
(D) Alienation from fellow workers
(E) Dissolution of family ties

13.5. It can be inferred that the author of the passage believes that Mary Barton might have been an
even better novel if Gaskell had
(A) concentrated on the emotions of a single character
(B) made no attempt to re-create experiences of which she had no firsthand knowledge
(C) made no attempt to reproduce working-class dialects
(D) grown up in an industrial city
(E) managed to transcend her position as an outsider

13.6. Which of the following phrases could best be substituted for the phrase “this aspect of Mary
Barton” in line 29 without changing the meaning of the passage as a whole?
(A) the material details in an urban working-class environment
(B) the influence of Mary Barton on lawrence’s early work
(C) the place of Mary Barton in the development of the English novel
(D) the extent of the poverty and physical suffering among England’s industrial workers in the 1840’s
(E) the portrayal of the particular feelings and responses of working-class characters

13.7. The author of the passage describes Mary Barton as each of the following EXCEPT:
(A) insightful
(B) meticulous
(C) vivid
(D) poignant
(E) lyrical