prep08 SC-218 补充说明关于than的用法的问题

米米时代007

补充说明：1. 一道类似却不一样的题 -à未完稿：

OG10-19. In addition to having more protein than wheat does, the protein in rice is higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet.

(A)the protein in rice is higher quality than that in

(B)rice has protein of higher quality than that in ？不一定形式对称比较对象对称就行（protein）

(C)the protein in rice is higher in quality than it is in

(D)rice protein is higher in quality than it is in

(E)rice has a protein higher in quality than

In this sentence, the initial clause modifies the nearest noun, identifying it as the thing being compared with wheat. By making protein the noun modified, choices A, C, and D illogically compare wheat with protein(是指In addition to having more protein than wheat does这个从句里面) and claim that the protein in rice has more protein than wheat does. In C and D, the comparative structure higher in quality than it is in wheat absurdly suggests that rice protein contains wheat. B, the best choice, logically compares wheat to rice by placing the noun rice immediately after the initial clause. B also uses that to refer to protein in making the comparison between the proteins of rice and wheat. Choice E needs either that in or does after wheat to make a complete and logical comparison.

从E可以看出，用than that in wheat或than wheat does都可以，但这并不能说明在其他的比较结构中也能用that in，而不是用主谓(宾)结构来与than前面的结构平行。在这个句子里：Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than have been killed by bee stings.后面的比较成分是不可以改为less than those killed by bee stings的。具体原因如下：

在rice has a protein higher in quality than that in wheat这个句子里，比较对象是protein和that（that指代的也是protein），比较的仅仅是protein（rice has不在比较成分之内，比较的是protein的属性），所以允许平行。而在Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than …中，不仅仅Only seven people，后面的this century have been killed by the great white shark也都在比较对象里面，所以后文不能用those killed by bee stings，而应该用平行的结构than have been killed。

再比如这个句子(GWD-29-24)：According to recent studies comparing the nutritional value of meat from wild animals and meat from domesticated animals, wild animals have less total fat than (that of) livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat thought to be good for cardiac health. 这个句子不对。其在livestock前加上that of…比较的对象是animals has less fat和that，that指代fat，而事实上比较的应该是wild animals和livestock的属性，即拥有fat的多少，所以than后面也应该用平行的句式，即主谓宾形式。正确句子为：According to recent studies comparing the nutritional value of meat from wild animals and meat from domesticated animals, wild animals have less total fat than livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat thought to be good for cardiac health.。要注意的一点：在此省略了相同的谓语和宾语（因为不会有wild animals have livestock的歧义，只要逻辑上基本成立，GMAT并不认为所有没有补出谓语动词的形式都是”ambiguities”的）。（原句不对的另外一个证据： more of a kind of fat 后面省略了(than…)，而省略的部分应该和less total fat than后面的词句是一致的，这样才能省略?逻辑上看省略的必须是livestock，而不能是that of livestock，因此less total fat than后面跟的也应该是livestock。




我最后的例子刚好和最开始的举例B矛盾，如果按最后的解释，第一题than wheat也是可以省略does了，因为逻辑上rice不可能has wheat？
大家认为呢？

米米时代007

还有最开始的例子B中，形式上不对称也是我也觉得很困惑，但是是对的，如果这个对，那最后一个例子中wild animals have less total fat than (that of) livestock fed on grain 用that of也就对了呀，可以比较wild animal' fat and livestock's fat

米米时代007

求解答啊，我觉得这个问题还是很重要的，考试很有可能再考到

米米时代007

uppppp

qychen

up。。。

qychen

觉得1.3两个例子是绝对的矛盾····

reebe

在rice has a protein higher in quality than that in wheat这个句子里，比较对象是protein和that（that指代的也是protein），比较的仅仅是protein（rice has不在比较成分之内，比较的是protein的属性），所以允许平行。而在Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than …中，不仅仅Only seven people，后面的this century have been killed by the great white shark也都在比较对象里面，所以后文不能用those killed by bee stings，而应该用平行的结构than have been killed。

楼主最开头也说了than前后比较对象平行，不一定结构平行。首先第一句比较对象是米饭中蛋白质的质量和小麦中蛋白质的质量，这毋庸置疑。第二句比较对象是被鲨鱼杀死的人的数目和被蜜蜂蛰死的人的数目，说people只能用fewer而不是lower，而不是因为those killed by bee stings不平行才错误的（这个句子其实也是平行的）。原句还原应该是fewer than ( the people who) have been killed by bee stings。

GWD那道题，解析指出GMAT认为只要逻辑没有错，可以允许省略谓语动词。但是GMAT的终旨还是有谓语动词尽量补出，这里B选项补出后清楚明了，按取最优选项的原则，B要明显优于D。很多时候G有些选项严格来讲没有语法错误，但答案更倾向于更简洁的表达，没有绝对正误只有最优。

个人愚见。

reebe

顶一下，期望大牛提供更准确的解答

alicezyk

ETS 这句话 Choice E needs either that in or does after wheat to make a complete and logical comparison.
太精辟了。 THAT IN 就是明确比较的是PROTEIN ; WHEAT DOES也是明确比较的是PROTEIN 不然的话就是不清楚了 可能是PROTEIN和WHEAT相比。
总而言之 唯一的规则 就是 消除AMBIGUITY！！

至于楼主的问题 wild animals have less total fat than livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat thought to be
我觉得本身就不存在AMBIGUITY。
然后楼主的第一个例子是存在AMBIGUITY的。所以不能把后面那个例子省略DOES的用法APPLY到第一个例子上。


至于为什么没有AMBIGUITY 因为原句说了HAVE LESS TOTAL FAT！  说明白了有更多的FAT

但是A是说的rice has a protein higher in quality than  在这里 如果后面随便加上一个词 就会觉得PROTEIN HIGHER IN QUALITY THAN WHEAT 是逻辑不对的

上面那句 如果改成 HAVE TOTAL FAT LESS 那就会有AMBIGUITY了 和这个HIGHER 一样的。

具体归结来说 就是  HIGH或者LESS 做前置定语 一定不会产生歧义 肯定修饰后面的那个词

但是如果做后置定语 感觉就是把前面的那个词 这里是PROTEIN 和 THAN 后面的词 直接拿来比较。所以就有歧义。

我觉得就是这么小的区别。导致了一个有 一个木有AMBIGUITY