对几道prep中题目的疑问

dontwannalose

8．Automobile Dealer's Advertisement:

The Highway Traffic Safety Institute reports that the PZ 1000 has the fewest injuries per accident of any car in its class. This shows that the PZ 1000 is one of the safest cars available today.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument in the advertisement?

(A) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute report listed many cars in other classes that had more

injuries per accident than did the PZ 1000.

(B) In recent years many more PZ 1000s have been sold than have any other kind of car in its

class.

(C) Cars in the class to which the PZ 1000 belongs are more likely to be involved in accidents

than are other types of cars.

(D) The difference between the number of injuries per accident for the PZ 1000 and that for

other cars in its class is quite pronounced.

(E) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute issues reports only once a year.

最后用排除法只剩下C，但我对C有疑问，which is: 题目中说的是PZ 1000这种车，而答案又涉及到和PZ 1000一系列的车，这不是因该无关吗？

10．Jennifer: Video rental outlets in Centerville together handled 10,000 fewer video rentals in 1994 than in 1993. The decline in rentals was probably due almost entirely to the February 1994 opening of Videorama, the first and only video rental outlet in the area that, in addition to renting videos, also sold them cheaply.

Brad: There must be another explanation: as you yourself said, the decline was on the order

of 10,000 rentals. Yet Videorama sold only 4,000 videos in 1994. Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the force of the objection that Brad presents to Jennifer's explanation?

(A) In 1994 Videorama rented out more videos than it sold.

(B) In 1994 two new outlets that rent but that do not sell videos opened in Centerville.

(C) Most of the video rental outlets in Centerville rent videos at a discount on certain nights of

the week.

(D) People often buy videos of movies that they have previously seen in a theater.

(E) People who own videos frequently loan them to their friends.

关于这题，我的疑问是：为什么A错（正确答案是E）

16. (27621-!-item-!-188;#058&003223)

Most of the world's supply of uranium currently comes from mines. It is possible to extract uranium from seawater, but the cost of doing so is greater than the price that uranium fetches on the world market. Therefore, until the cost of extracting uranium from seawater can somehow be reduced, this method of obtaining uranium is unlikely to be commercially viable.

Which of the following would it be most useful to determine in evaluating the argument?

(A) Whether the uranium in deposits on land is rapidly being depleted

(B) Whether most uranium is used near where it is mined

(C) Whether there are any technological advances that show promise of reducing the cost of extracting uranium from seawater

(D) Whether the total amount of uranium in seawater is significantly greater than the total amount of uranium on land

(E) Whether uranium can be extracted from freshwater at a cost similar to the cost of extracting it from seawater

这题问题是：为什么C错（正确答案是A）

gtr

8．Automobile Dealer's Advertisement:

The Highway Traffic Safety Institute reports that the PZ 1000 has the fewest injuries per accident of any car in its class. This shows that the PZ 1000 is one of the safest cars available today.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument in the advertisement?

(A) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute report listed many cars in other classes that had more injuries per accident than did the PZ 1000.

(B) In recent years many more PZ 1000s have been sold than have any other kind of car in its class.

(C) Cars in the class to which the PZ 1000 belongs are more likely to be involved in accidents than are other types of cars.

(D) The difference between the number of injuries per accident for the PZ 1000 and that for other cars in its class is quite pronounced.

(E) The Highway Traffic Safety Institute issues reports only once a year.

最后用排除法只剩下C，但我对C有疑问，which is: 题目中说的是PZ 1000这种车，而答案又涉及到和PZ 1000一系列的车，这不是因该无关吗？
PZ has the lowest injury per accident in its class （事实） 不等于 PZ has the lowest injury per accident in all cars （结论的假设）C就是抓住这一点就好比我是百万富翁俱乐部里最穷的，然后你就下出结论说我是一个穷人一样。

10．Jennifer: Video rental outlets in Centerville together handled 10,000 fewer video rentals in 1994 than in 1993. The decline in rentals was probably due almost entirely to the February 1994 opening of Videorama, the first and only video rental outlet in the area that, in addition to renting videos, also sold them cheaply.

Brad: There must be another explanation: as you yourself said, the decline was on the order of 10,000 rentals. Yet Videorama sold only 4,000 videos in 1994. Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the force of the objection that Brad presents to Jennifer's explanation?

(A) In 1994 Videorama rented out more videos than it sold.

(B) In 1994 two new outlets that rent but that do not sell videos opened in Centerville.

(C) Most of the video rental outlets in Centerville rent videos at a discount on certain nights of the week.

(D) People often buy videos of movies that they have previously seen in a theater.

(E) People who own videos frequently loan them to their friends.

关于这题，我的疑问是：为什么A错（正确答案是E）
题目已经说了，总的出租量下降了。这里已经包括了这个新的店的出租量。不管这个新的点出租量多高，它也就是抢了别的出租店的生意，不会降低总量的。能够降低出租总量的，只有租带子的总体需求下降了。这就包括大家互相借这个可能。当大家手里的带子多了，自然互相借的多了，那么去花钱租的就少了。

16. (27621-!-item-!-188;#058&003223)

Most of the world's supply of uranium currently comes from mines. It is possible to extract uranium from seawater, but the cost of doing so is greater than the price that uranium fetches on the world market. Therefore, until the cost of extracting uranium from seawater can somehow be reduced, this method of obtaining uranium is unlikely to be commercially viable.

Which of the following would it be most useful to determine in evaluating the argument?

(A) Whether the uranium in deposits on land is rapidly being depleted

(B) Whether most uranium is used near where it is mined

(C) Whether there are any technological advances that show promise of reducing the cost of extracting uranium from seawater

(D) Whether the total amount of uranium in seawater is significantly greater than the total amount of uranium on land

(E) Whether uranium can be extracted from freshwater at a cost similar to the cost of extracting it from seawater

这题问题是：为什么C错（正确答案是A）

这段话的意思是这样：和传统的矿石提炼相比，铀现在从海水里提炼太贵，所以除非从海水提炼的成本下来，大规模商业海水提炼不可能。

但问题是，贵与不贵都是相对的。一方面的让海水提炼的成本下来，另一方面是让铀的价格上去。

如果铀价格狂涨，超过了海水提炼的成本，自然大家就会从海水提炼，哪怕没有任何成本的下降。

那么怎么样铀的价格狂涨呢？最简单就是矿石要用光了。其实理由太多了，比如打仗啊，恐怖分子高价收买啊等等都会让它价格狂涨。

所以A是对的。

-- by 会员 dontwannalose (2010/2/9 7:19:49)

dontwannalose

thanku very much indeed

gracezz

Which of the following would it be most useful to determine in evaluating the argument?

哪个选项能对这个argument起决定作用，而不是我们常看见的回答了以下哪个问题对evaluate这上论证最有帮助，选的答案应该是作用明确，而不能有whether还让人去猜一下

rongyang114

good~

anystone

第一个的比喻不对,应该说 是穷人里最富的,但还是个穷人.

Robertfpx

第一道题前面的解释不够完善。
Argument是：PZ 1000 is one of the safest cars available today。而理由是injuries/accident这个指标是那个系列最低的。但safety的标准不仅仅是由injuries/accident来定义，也应该和accident发生的可能性有关。而C选项就告诉你了这个系列的车accident发生可能性很大，所以unsafe，否定了原结论。
至于“最差中最好”这个解释，是在这基础上的。

大橘子

非常感谢Robertfpx