[原创]having done和having been done的用法

tangzimo

我在做SC的过程中常对having done和having been done的用法掌握不清，造成了一些麻烦。我一直都没有找到对这两种结构使用方法的较好的解释。前几天做完了《PREP破解版语法注释分析》，又总结了一遍。从这300多道有GMAC官方答案的真题当中，我对以上两个结构——having done和having been done——的用法得出了一些体会，现总结于此。
水平有限，肯定有些不妥之处，恳请牛人批评指正！我们来一起完善这一语法点的解释，为大家扫清一个疑点。

一、必错
1.having done和having been done都不是动名词结构，因此不能充当名词成分！
所以SC中，如果这两个结构做主语、宾语等，必错！

2.having done和having been done做后置定语，必错！
having done做后置定语，一般都要改成相应的定语从句
having been done做后置定语，一般都要改成相应的done做过去分词，或者改成定语从句

3.having done和having been done用于“with独立主格”中必错！
指with+sb/sth+having done/having been done这种情况

二、可用但一定要慎用
做状语
having done和having been done都可以做伴随状语，并不是必错。但一定要注意，句子中明确地有“现在完成时”这种意思时，才可以这么用，否则基本都错。
这里举PREP中的两个正确的例子。
1.Having finally reached a tentative labor agreement with its company's pilots, the airline's board of directors must now determine how the airline can both increase profits and compete more effectively for customers than it did in the past.

2.Some patients who do not respond to therapies for depression may simply have received inadequate treatment, having, for example, been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low to be effective or having been taken off a drug too soon.
个人认为第二个例子尤其需要特殊记忆。

好了，目前就总结出这些。欢迎大家指正，补充！

另外，真的要感谢编写《PREP破解版语法注释分析》的前辈们，这份材料真的是太及时、太方便了！

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-12-6 19:32:25编辑过]

allln123123

up

tangzimo

我也UP

呵呵

cuishang11

见OG12 SC21题  出现了having done做后置定语修饰主语的正确选项

ly1st

谢谢分享

zhuminmin

马凌霄

状语

torisea

应用下别的贴，根据下面说的，having做后置定语的情况，在没有歧义的时候，也可以说是只能找到一个对应主语的时候就是对的。对于容易产生歧义的，就是错的

把斑斑的话粘过来了，说得好耶，又有深刻体会了~
我对定语、状语的理解是这样的：有的时候同一个成分、结构可以做定语，也可以做状语，只要区分被修饰对象与结合时态等分析逻辑上能不能合理修饰就够了，没必要太在意是做定语还是做状语。也就是说，区不区分定语、状语都可以，关键是要明白定语和状语的功能都是“修饰”(有点像废话，不过我的意思是平时我统一把他们记为“修饰语”，只有在做题目解释的时候才区分一下)。
188.(26379-!-item-!-188;#058&001961)
Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.
A. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are
B. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are
C. Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are
D. Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,
E. Neuroscientists have amassed, over the past twenty years, a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,
A选项"having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood"，你可以把这个成分理解成状语，也可以理解为定语，修饰的都是Neuroscientists这个主体或这个主体发出的动作，只要你把having看做定语和状语时，句意理解起来是一样的，那么就没有歧义问题。
97. (29753-!-item-!-188;#058&003991)
Industrialization and modern methods of insect control have improved the standard of living around the globe while at the same time they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having gone virtually unregulated since they were developed more than 50 years ago.
(A) while at the same time they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants,having
(B) while at the same time introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants that have
(C) while they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants at the same time,which have
(D) but introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants at the same time that have
(E) but at the same time introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having
这里面having可能修饰pollutants，也可能修饰they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants整个分句，所以having产生了修饰歧义
还要注意A里面两个they指得不是同一个东西。。

tinnashen

分析到位

kevin0214

见OG12 SC21题  出现了having done做后置定语修饰主语的正确选项

-- by 会员 cuishang11 (2009/6/10 23:16:00)

having done是可以作后置定语修饰的，但是只能是非限定修饰。见prep语法笔记188题aeoluseros对于Having done知识点的补充：
1)having done可以做非限定性修饰，不能做限定性修饰。

夸克的语法大全里面明确写出having done做限定性修饰是错误的：

The perfective aspect cannot usually be expressed in the nonfinite clause:

wrong:The man having won the race is my brother.

correct:The man who has won the race is my brother.

也就是说.完成时的ing分词形式(having done)作为限制性的修饰是不可以的，但是可以作为非限制性的修饰。