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[讨论]OG11th-1

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51#
发表于 2008-5-21 08:53:00 | 只看该作者
根据Collins Cobuild English Dictionary for Advanced Learners, 

Hope is a feeling of desire and exception that things will go well in the future.表示这个意思的时候,是不可数名词。用hope for的结构

Hope 意思是 if sb wants sth to happen, and considers it likely or possible, you can refer to their hopes of sth. 这个时候是个数名词,所以可以用Hopes of...
选项e用的是,hopes for, HOPE在这个解释中是不可数的,所以是ungrammatical.


52#
发表于 2008-6-17 18:53:00 | 只看该作者

1.定语从句是形容词从句,其句法功能相当于一个形容词,与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况。同位语从句是名词从句,其作用相当于一个名词,与前面的名词是同位关系,是对前面的名词作进一步解释,即说明它前面名词的内容。试比较:
The news that he told me just now is true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。
析:定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息。
The news that l have passed the exam is true.我通过了考试这一消息是真的。
析:同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。

2.同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系,二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系,可用“主+系+表”结构来表示,而定语从句则没有这种关系。例如:
The news that he won the first place is true. 他赢得冠军的那个消息是真的。
若用“主+系+表”结构来表示,则是:The news is that he won the first place. 消息是他赢得了冠军。

3.定语从句的先行词可以是各类名词,而可跟同位语从句的名词通常只有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word(消息),possibility等。因此,引导两种从句的连接词也不完全一样。可以引导定语从句的连接词有that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why等。可以引导同位语从句的连接词有that,whether,when,where,how等。即:which,who,whom和whose不能引导同位语从句,whether和how不能引导定语从句。例如:
The factory which(that) we visited yesterday is a chemical one.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是化工厂。(定语从句)
He must answer the question whether he agrees to if or not.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。(同位语从句)

4.定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分,可作主语、宾语、状语等,而同位语从句中的引导词在从句中只起连接作用,不作任何句子成分。试比较:
The idea that he gave surprises many people.他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。
析:that在从句中作gave的宾语,句子为定语从句。
The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。
析:that在从句中不充当任何成分,句子为同位语从句。

5.引导定语从句中的连接词有时可以省去,而引导同位语从句的连接词则不可省去。例如:
I’ll keep the promise (that/which) I made two years ago.我将履行两年前许下的诺言。(定语从句)
析:关系代词that或which在定语从句中作made的宾语,可以省去。
I’ll keep a promise that I will write to you as soon as I get to Beijing.我会守诺,我一到北京就给你写信。(同位语从句)

6.when,where和why在引导定语从句和同位语从句时,它们的共同点是引导词在这两种从句中都可以充当状语。但是,定语从句前有相应的先行词,分别为表示时间、地点和原因状语的名词,而同位语从句前,没有相应的名词。试比较:
I still remember the day when(on which)I first came to Beijing.我仍记得我第一次来北京的那一天。(定语从句)
I have no idea when she will be back.我不知道她何时才会回来。(同位语从句)
This is the house where (in which) I lived two years ago.这幢房子是我两年前住的那一幢。 (定语从句)
He raised the question where we would go.他提出这个问题,我们去哪儿。(同位语从句)
I didn’t know the reason why(for which)he didn’t come yesterday.我不知道他昨天为什么没有来。(定语从句)
He solved the problem why it couldn’t work.他解决了机器不能运转的毛病。(同位语从句)

这个真是太好了!使我真正掌握了同位语从句.太感谢了!!!

53#
发表于 2008-6-18 16:14:00 | 只看该作者
大家在一起讨论真好
54#
发表于 2008-7-24 15:08:00 | 只看该作者
以下是引用fionacai在2008-5-21 8:53:00的发言:
根据Collins Cobuild English Dictionary for Advanced Learners, 

Hope is a feeling of desire and exception that things will go well in the future.表示这个意思的时候,是不可数名词。用hope for的结构

Hope 意思是 if sb wants sth to happen, and considers it likely or possible, you can refer to their hopes of sth. 这个时候是个数名词,所以可以用Hopes of...
选项e用的是,hopes for, HOPE在这个解释中是不可数的,所以是ungrammatical.


原来是这样啊,茅塞顿开。

不过虽然把hope的用法搞清楚了,个人觉得E选项的关键,也是最容易排除这个选项的点在于时态。因为从题意不难看出经济学家提出另一种看法的时候前面提到的期望并没有消失,因此是个延续的状态,所以要用完成时。这样E就直接排除了。

至于underway的问题, according to Longman, "sth is underway"means that "sth is happening now".  "underway" is an adj.

e.g. The project is already
                
well underway

比较一下原文和例句,是不是差不多呢?这里的already 如果换成题目里面的finally, 也是可以的么。

这样的解释不知道是不是明白呢?个人觉得不难理解,实在记不住的XDJM们就背出这个句子好了。很多时候做题语感也很要紧。

 

55#
发表于 2008-8-16 16:04:00 | 只看该作者
以下是引用fionacai在2008-5-21 8:53:00的发言:
根据Collins Cobuild English Dictionary for Advanced Learners, 

Hope is a feeling of desire and exception that things will go well in the future.表示这个意思的时候,是不可数名词。用hope for的结构(毫无依据)下面给出柯林斯辞典的例句(表示这个意思的时候确实是不可数名词,无意义,只是对hope for这个结构有异议):
But Kevin hasn't given up hope of being fit...
Consumer groups still hold out hope that the president will change his mind...


Hope 意思是 if sb wants sth to happen, and considers it likely or possible, you can refer to their hopes of sth. 这个时候是个数名词,所以可以用Hopes of... (同样毫无依据):
If someone wants something to happen, and considers it likely or possible, you can refer to their
                hopes
                of
that thing, or to their hope
                that
it will happen.
They have hopes of increasing trade between the two regions...
The delay in the programme has dashed Japan's hopes of commercial success in space...
选项e用的是,hopes for, HOPE在这个解释中是不可数的,所以是ungrammatical.

在牛津词典中,找到hopes for的例句:Hopes for the missing men are fading.
hope的意思为:a belief that sth you want will happen

我认为这里的语法错误在for a recovery上,而不是在hope上!

56#
发表于 2008-8-16 16:08:00 | 只看该作者

根据牛津字典的说法:

[U, C] ~ (of / for sth);~ (of doing sth);~ (that ...) a belief that sth you want will happen

也就是说,正确的也应该是hopes for a final recovery underway!而不是finally放在后面修饰underway!

57#
发表于 2008-9-13 10:22:00 | 只看该作者

我觉得对于hope的用法spyder1011解释的比较好。

总结一下他的:

[feeling] a feeling of wanting something to happen or be true and believing that it is possible or likely

[chance] a chance of succeeding or of something good happening

PS:在字典给的例句中,只有表feeling的时候才有hope for的用法,chance的时候只有hope of/that的用法。 也就是说hope for只能表示feeling。

而E选项中,根据raise hopes判断,想表达的意思应该就是chance而不是feeling,所以hope for的用法在语法上错(ungrammatical)。

再者,[longman] underway : adjective [not before noun]

所以underway一定要放到n. recovery的后面(在google上搜得到很多例句),最重要的是finally是修饰underway的,"finally underway"表示恢复终于开始的意思,副词直接修饰形容词没问题,并不能把finally变成final还换位置而改变句意!

PS:我也上过XDF,当时老师也是说E错在underway的位置。且不从underway的用法来说,如果真的是underway的位置问题的话,og解释应该说形容词不能放在名词后面之类的,而不是只有“for a recovery finally”awkward & ungrammatical的解释了。

这是我第四遍看OG了,细节上的收获真的很大!25号考试,加油!

58#
发表于 2009-1-22 10:55:00 | 只看该作者

If There is may frequently be omitted to create a more concise sentence. How about"has raised hopes that a recovery finally underway"? Correct? dui ma? Or only "has raised hopes that a recovery is finally underway" is correct?

59#
发表于 2009-4-8 07:57:00 | 只看该作者
E  Raised, indicating completed action, is the wrong verb tense; for a recovery finally is awkward and ungrammatical

og12关于E的解释已经改了
E For a recovery finally is awkward and-to the extent that it can be seen as grammatical-does not make sense.

关于
Raised, indicating completed action,解释也去掉了,看来是有争议的

A  Subject and verb do not agree; there is is wordy

解释改为
A Subject and verb do not agree; there is ...finally underway is awkward and wordy.
看来不是见到there is 就wordy, 还要根据具体情况判断

60#
发表于 2009-6-8 11:38:00 | 只看该作者
英语中单个词作后置定语的情况是很少的。只在某些特定情况下出现。
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