1.pipe characterization techinique:magnetic flux leakage.wall thinning,cracks,pittiong result in magnetic flux---sensor detect leakage---site and size of the flaw.
2.VK try to improve a flaw detection method,use EMAT technology.---- introduction of EMAT:device,priciple:no contact/induce horizontal wave/measure sound energy/recognize differences in waves/correlate differences with changes.----location and size of flaw could be determined.
3.TT develop a method:microcantilever technology---introduction of cantilever and fuctional priciple:no leaking gas--vibrate at a rate related to air currents
gas leak---frequency change
shift in frequency change---gas rush through a pipe crack
microcantilever sensor & EMAT --detect both leaks and flaws