alzn2765答疑帖（永远不沉的旗舰）

perl

zjjcookie 发表于 2015-10-30 13:32
The OLEX Petroleum Company has recently determined that it could cut its refining costs by closing i ...

坐等楼主的详细解释的时候，斗胆回复一下;

主要论点是：social concerns sometimes outweigh the desire for higher profits
削弱论点就是：social concerns sometimes 没有 outweigh the desire for higher profits

E就是说了没有关闭工厂是因为其他的cost太高，所以这个公司还是更加关心profits。

对于D选项。我的理解是，题目说关掉G工厂会导致“ loss of about 1,200 jobs in the Grenville area”，然后 “lives of more than 10,000 people would be seriously disrupted”。D选项是说T工厂会雇佣G工厂的人，其实跟提干关系不大。因为即使雇佣了全部的G工厂的员工，Grenville area还是失去了工作岗位，然后Grenville area的人的生活被disrupted。

alzn2765

zjjcookie 发表于 2015-10-30 13:32
The OLEX Petroleum Company has recently determined that it could cut its refining costs by closing i ...

果因推理找削弱

前提（果）：OLEX’s decision, announced yesterday, to keep Grenville open
结论（因）：OLEX social concerns sometimes outweigh the desire for higher profits

CQ可能的方向：他因
E就是他因：不是因为social concerns而是因为关闭 Grenville的收摊的费用更高。

D说的是如果把Grenville关闭了而开在Tasberg的话，那么Tasberg增加的就业岗位都是以前在Grenville工作的人。这跟OLEX 有没有social concerns有关系吗？我们只关心OLEX选则不关闭Grenville的原因，这个“因”一定是发生在“果”之前的。D说的整件事情都是发生在如果OLEX关闭Grenville之后，根本就是completely out of scope啊！

绝对与相对，既然你看过我的帖子就看我回答的是什么题好了。

zjjcookie

赞楼主，请问楼主，逻辑题只分，因果/果因吗，还是说有第三类？

alzn2765

zjjcookie 发表于 2015-10-31 16:43
赞楼主，请问楼主，逻辑题只分，因果/果因吗，还是说有第三类？

Bible有分类

zjjcookie

我又来打扰楼主啦~，请教楼主：
这两题很像，都是因果类问前提
但是答案很难第一眼看出来，取非过程句子理解也挺绕。请教楼主，怎么做这样的题型？
In an experiment, each volunteer was allowed to choose between an easy task and a hard task and was told that another volunteer would do the other task. Each volunteer could also choose to have a computer assign the two tasks randomly. Most volunteers chose the easy task for themselves and under questioning later said they had acted fairly. But when the scenario was described to another group of volunteers, almost all said choosing the easy task would be unfair. This shows that most people apply weaker moral standards to themselves than to others.
Which of the following is an assumption required by this argument?
(A) At least some volunteers who said they had acted fairly in choosing the easy task would have said that it was unfair for someone else to do so. 正确
(B) The most moral choice for the volunteers would have been to have the computer assign the two tasks randomly.
(C) There were at least some volunteers who were assigned to do the hard task and felt that the assignment was unfair.
(D) On average, the volunteers to whom the scenario was described were more accurate in their moral judgments than the other volunteers were.
(E) At least some volunteers given the choice between assigning the tasks themselves and having the computer assign them felt that they had made the only fair choice available to them.


Although computers can enhance people's ability to communicate, computer games are a cause of underdeveloped communication skills in children. After school hours spent playing computer games are hours not spent talking to people. Therefore, children who spent their spare time playing these games have less experience in interpersonal communication than other children have.
The argument depends on which of the following assumption?
A) Passive activities such as watching television and listening to music do not hinder the development of communication skills in children.
B) Most children have other opportunities, in addition to after school hours, in which they can choose whether to play computer games or to interact with other people.
C) Children who do not spend all their after hour playing computer games spend at least some of that time talking with other people. 正确
D) Formal instruction contributes little or nothing to children's acquisition of communication skills.
E) The mental skills developed through playing computer games do not contribute significantly to children's intellectual development

Thanks in advance!

alzn2765

zjjcookie 发表于 2015-11-7 16:57
我又来打扰楼主啦~，请教楼主：
这两题很像，都是因果类问前提
但是答案很难第一眼看出来，取非过程句子理 ...

第一题
果因推理找假设
前提（果）：Most volunteers chose the easy task for themselves and under questioning later said they had acted fairly. But when the scenario was described to another group of volunteers, almost all said choosing the easy task would be unfair.
结论（因）：most people apply weaker moral standards to themselves than to others

果---->因
weaker moral standards是相对于an easy task and a hard task来讲的。
可是在题干中仔细看做实验的人对于两组被实验人的“区别对待”：对于第一组是被实验人选择了一个task，然后说“是公平的”；而第二组人则是直接告知他们第一组被实验人选择了easy task之后，第二组人说“这是不公平的”。
这里从第一组到第二组之间有一个gap：第一组那些选择了一个task自己做的人，一定是“有意的”选择了easy task，而不是他们自己就觉得这个实际是easy task的task相对于他们自己的理解是hard task。如果是上述情况，那么第一组人其实就是被冤枉的，他们只是根据自己对于task的理解选择了一个自认为是hard task，而把easy task留给了别人，这样他们说“这是公平的”其实也是真话。为了让结论成立，就一定不能让上述情况发生。我们就要找一个假设说第一组人的确是给自己选择了一个真的是他们自己也以为是easy task的task，同时他们明明知道这是对别人不公平的，但是他们为了自己的利益而说“这是公平的”。

A说的就是这个gap。
这题其实是果因推理，你要搞清楚因果和果因推理的主要区别：因必然在前，而果必然在后。有因才有果。
此题是人们先有people apply weaker moral standards to themselves than to others这个想法，才会有两组被实验人做出了以上行为。一定是“思维”发生在“行动”之前。比如，是先有杀人的想法，还是先有杀人的行动呢？

第二题
因果推理找假设
前提（因）：computer games are a cause of underdeveloped communication skills in children. After school hours spent playing computer games are hours not spent talking to people
结论（果）：children who spent their spare time playing these games have less experience in interpersonal communication than other children have

因--->果
同样是对比，但不同的是题干只说了玩游戏的学生会在玩游戏的时候不说话，但是完完全全没有说作为对比组的“other children”是怎样的。为了让结论成立，我们一定要确保那些不玩电脑游戏的other children至少不能跟玩电脑游戏的children一样不说话吧？
C说的就是这个意思。

两题都是在前提中存在一个对比，而在表述前提的时候，故意的遗漏了一些对于结论成立非常重要的信息或者故意的只说一个对比组而忽略另一个对比组，诱导我们自己做出“另一个对比组一定在相同问题上有相反表现”的假设。记住，只接受题干中明确表达的信息，不要自己假设题干中没有给出的信息。
比如，我说有两组人对比，第一组是日本人，第二组是美国人。我说日本人很变态啊，喜欢拍AV，然后给出日本每年拍出多少部Av的数据。结论，日本人比美国人下流。这个结论错在哪里？如何削弱？如果美国人其实也拍了很多色情电影（事实也是这样的），那么说日本人一定比美国人下流的结论就不一定成立。结论可能是“日本人和美国人一样下流”或者“美国人比日本人还要下流”。（不用争了，都TM下流）

alzn2765

上杆子帮忙，还有需要自己顶贴的？
版主给个精华可以不？方便我，也方便大家啊！

芊层酥

楼主好，关于您7楼的解释我有一点疑惑。我认为原题（6楼）的逻辑是，事实：China 表现出许多open society的factional的特征----结论：China is factional.所以我其实是不太明白为什么选项要搭closely effective的桥？我觉得第一句之所以说close只是一个背景，甚至构不成推理的前提。

谢谢。

alzn2765

芊层酥 发表于 2016-1-26 05:00
楼主好，关于您7楼的解释我有一点疑惑。我认为原题（6楼）的逻辑是，事实：China 表现出许多open society ...

题中原文是open society，你看ABCDE5个选项哪个跟open society有一点儿关系？注意！是Open society，open是修饰society的，不要随便把形容词换到别的名词上。
你的理解是这道题是一道Generalization Question对不对？由China有factional system的部分特征，推出China有factional system的全部特征。由局部推整体呗。
如果按照你的这个理解作为逻辑链的话，那么选项应该是类似于“只要具备了factional system的部分特征就一定具备factional system的全部特征”等等。可你看选项，有任何一个是这个方向的吗？要知道5个选项中至少有一个必须是正确的。

GMAC在出题的时候（当然这是一道LSAT题，不过指导思想都一样）为了增加难度一定会加入一些“无用信息”或者“垃圾信息”，这些信息有的甚至可以和某个前提或者结论形成一定的逻辑关系，这些“无用信息”存在的唯一价值就是捣乱，让考生难以找到正确的逻辑关系，或者在进入到选项的时候，就让你忘记了原来的逻辑关系。所以，我们一定要有甄别哪些是“有价值信息”，哪些是“无用信息”的能力。而且，要立即把“无用信息”从记忆中清除，不要让“无用信息”对正确的逻辑链产生任何影响。
你就是完美的掉到了GMAC给你挖好的“坑”里。不过让我不解的是：为什么你在看了选项之后还坚持这个错误的逻辑链？你难道觉得这道题没有答案吗？
这道题只是“小坑”，即使被“无用信息”干扰，看到了选项也就拉回来了。如果是一正一反两条逻辑链，选项中又正好有加强有削弱那估计跳坑就出不来了。

芊层酥

alzn2765 发表于 2016-1-26 09:30
题中原文是open society，你看ABCDE5个选项哪个跟open society有一点儿关系？注意！是Open society，open ...

我只是想讨论一下原文的逻辑链，说了一下自己的理解而已。谢谢解答，祝早日加精！