【Native Speaker每日综合训练—43系列】【43-02】科技 Mutualism

andy_lxh

第一天打卡阅读小分队，速度出奇地慢，需要避免笔记对阅读的严重拖慢。

PART 1-Listening
真是醉了，第一遍只听懂个别单词，第二遍好吧还是不懂只知道探讨毒物问题，第三遍文章加词霸，弄懂后回忆。
reindeer ['reɪndɪə] 详细»  n. [脊椎][畜牧] 驯鹿
spit [spɪt] 详细» n. 唾液
moose [muːs] 详细»n. [脊椎] 驼鹿；麋
entrust [ɪn'trʌst; en-] 详细» vt. 委托，信托
entrusted with详细» 委托给(某人)
saliva [sə'laɪvə] 详细»n. 唾液；涎
ungulate ['ʌŋgjʊlət; -leɪt] 详细»n. 有蹄类动物
fescue ['feskjuː] 详细»n. 教鞭；牛毛草
munch [mʌn(t)ʃ] 详细»n. 用力的咀嚼
churn [tʃɜːn] 详细»vt. 搅拌；搅动 vi. 搅拌；搅动
limb [lɪm] 详细»n. 肢，臂；
drool [druːl] 详细»n. 口水；梦话，胡说vt. 从嘴淌下；散漫地说
Reideer spit eat plant to contain toxious
1.Reindeer and moose's Slivia prevent the toxin
2.Plants not evolve to be eaten so evolve to produce toxin.(combined with fungus). When the plants munched, the fugus work to to release e-toxin which restrict the grazer's blood flows to extremetiy and, in serious condition, the grazer lose limbs.
3.Scientist find when the reindeer and moose drizzle their salvia the toxin goes away.
4.the secret of the salvia is unsolved.


Part 2: SPEED
TIME2：3Min 18s, with notes
P1:Mutualism definition: a creature live in a relationship with others to benefit each other. Contrast: interact competition, live in the expense of others.
P2:How important mutualism is.-48% of XXX by mutual and work asXXX.
   Conclusion, mutualism is importatnt but receives less attention than predation and parasite.
P3:Mutualism measurement is a problems. Hard to extract sth to measure.

TIME3: 4Min 11S, with notes
P1:A Tree provide house and food to certain speices of ant , and the ant benefit the trees by browsing (exchange for house/food). WIN Win collaboration.
   But the relationship is not that simple.
P2:Scientist start to do a experiment. Detail forgets. Six Tree in Kenya XXX.
P3:Finding, once the there is no herbvoinis (食草动物），A tree stop provide house and food (nectar,树液）to B ant.However, the A tree is twice likely to become the house of C ant which hurt tree growth by making holes?
P4:The tree become more likly to die when house C ant than when house B ant.The mutualism is very important to A tree's survival

TIME4: 1Min 48s, with notes
P1:Thorn aca (what !!) prolierie when big mammals disappear
P2:Big mammals disappear -> others herbivore proliferite such as lizard and other small animals.
P3:herbivore XXX 忘了

TIME5：3min 17s
P1:To increse the global population, scientist propose to double the food production. Genetic advance may help.Recently, Mircrobe/fungi/bacterial are found to be able to help with plants growth/food supply.
P2.Microbe helps plant grow. Plants recruit, not host, microbe.
P3.M in lab find fungi can replace the fertilizer, a new way which is less expensive to boost plants growth.
P4.Fungi transplanted from XX to a tomato help the tomato to stand high temperature
讲各种让作物产量增长的方法，微生物、真菌XXX.

Obstacle: 7MIN 16s Notes
P1：Spider is not considered as vegetablism but one of spider surprisingly eat plants.
P2: Ant and A tree live in mutual. The BK spider feast plant and outmanuver ants.
P3: BK 1st found in 1896 by a couple biogists.
P4: BK special behavior was observed by EO in 2001
P5: EO got up early and, in accidence, observed the BK ate plants nectar.
P6: Sth drive BK eat plants. Question? the plant cann't be digested by spider, therefore less nutrient.
P7: BK start from eating the larva ant and get some material help them to digest plants.
P8: BK research is important in XXXX way.

dkjam

Time two,3.5.50.1the mutualism are one thing that will be benefit for each other.It is a form of symbolism.The other are parasitism and commensal.2ed one U is benefiting from things made by bacterial and bacterial also get the nutrition from the host. The mutualism is very important to nature.48% land plants rely on the fungi production of inorganic compound and trace elemen. it is not only driven evolution of the variety of species and also co-evolution with creatures.But people pay less attention on mutualism than predation and parasitism.3rd,it is difficult to recognize the fitness of mutualism by the method "closeness".Because it will be confused with physical closeness
Time three5.37.56.A kind of tree provides  houses to guard ants for preventing eating by the herbivore animal.But scientists have experiment that the tree would not provide houses to first ants instead sweet bargain with other kind of ant if the enviroment is not exist herbivore animal.
However, the survival rate of trees without herbivore animals is less than three in the enviroment that has herbivore animals.
Time four2.01.20.Although the phenomenon may be only exist in A tree,but it is also providing an example that the disappeared of large animal would cause an impact of the eco-system.
Time five3.18.20.In order to feed more population on earth,the method that the genetics of fungi produce enough food with less cost and higher efficiency seem more possible.
Time six3.41.20.Without the virus of the plants only can survive in the 100F.The fungi and virus inoculated plants not only can improve yield but also ability of enduring the climate and tough enviroment.However these suitable fungi and virus should be found at a special enviromoent.Also the plant inoculated fungi and virus exist the possibility to produce illness.
Time seven9.19.50.The passage introduces a special kind of spider which fed on plant leaves.Also the spiders will eat larvae of ants,which are guarding for A trees.

Going

Time 2        2:21
Time 3        2:53
Time 4        1:18
Time 5        2:34
Time 6        2:04
Obstacle        6:48

Olivia的monde

T2 1'51'22
T3 2'24'09
T4 1'07'52
T5 2'18'48
T6 2'02'19
Obstacle: 6'06'92+5'32'14
1.a jumping spider that has vegetarian leanings, and its interesting arrangement with a plant and the ants that protect it.the spiders live on the acacias (a munutally beneficial arrangement)  
2.the scientist observed the spiders that the spiders also ate nectar and ant larvae(the latter supposed to help to diget the plant material).Despite their unusual meals, these spiders still exhibit some more traditional hunting behavior.
3.the influnce of the spiders,seem to have changed this spider's interactions with its neighbors,social behaviour;stabilization of the spider–plant–ant system

古月小破烂

time 2 2’06
    introduction about mutualism. give some examples.
time 3 2’19
    describe relation among ants, megafauna, and acacias. they are kind of mutualism.
time 4  1’03
     describe about how some big animals disappear.
time 5   2’00
     use fungi or microbe to make plant grow better.
time 6  1’46
     use microbe to maintain weather salt or something. use these kind of method to grow plant.
obstacle 5’48
     research about a special vegetarian spider eat plant and live with ant.

shuxshux

2,02‘39
3,02’30
4，01‘14
5,01’51
6,01‘53
706’46

dada0539

0.0等会再编辑 先来报个道

1’16’2/320  explanation about M. where it exists, the key it plays, the benefit is not straightforward,especially when it cooperate with lots of any other species

1’20’2/334 an experiment, two ants, short term benefit make the trees die more quickly

0’40’0/183 this result may apply only to the A trees, but it provide the example how mummal animals disappear. and a way to protect the mammals

1’05’8/325  the fungi can help the productivity of the food. works with the plant; the excessive heat helps plants grow better

1’03’4/286 what the fungi can do:resist the heat or temperature changing, increase the productivity of the crops. How to test the microbe—DNA

4’06’8/957  introduce a new spider that eat the plants.

the M interaction between the spider and the ant

a detailed introduction of the spider

how was this spider discovered—

how did

their hunting habit— more like a cat

their further research— another new rare species, appears to have a boon

伊蔓达

Thanks for sharing~

Speaker
Karen Hopkin的语速真快
reindeer and moose eats red fescue
red fescue maintains a mutually beneficial relationship with a fungus,which can produce a toxin that can do harm to the grazers.
but the animals' saliva interfere with the toxin production

[Time 2] 00:03:09.09
definition of mutualism.a type of symbiosis
example of mutualism
mutualism plays a key part in ecology
measuring mutual benefit , category

[Time 3]&[Time 4]00:04:42.58

[Time 5]&[Time 6]00:06:11.99
new findings suggest that fungi,bacteria and viruses could be an alternative to increease agricultural productivity.

[Paraphrase 7]00:07:43.82
Bagheera kiplingi is a spider that eats plant and the ant nested in the plant.
the reason that allow a carnivorous animal to adapt to a plant diet maybe there are certain bacteria in ant larvae that would help the spider digest the plant material.
the spider live in close quarters but no cooperation is needed in the hunt,  a social behavior that might be to reduce local resource competition and reduce aggression.

油桃F

Speaker
Reindeer and moose eat poisonous plant but they can prevent this poison. They have mutually beneficial relationship with fungus.

[Time 2] 2'22
Mutualism is a type of Symbosis. It has a large impact on ecosystem but people often pay less attention on it. Measuring it isn't straightforward because there are always several interactions.

[Time 3]+[Time 4] 3'46
Acacia strikes a mutually beneficial bargain with several ants to protect itself from large herbivores.

[Time 5] 2'14
[Time 6] 2'20
Mutualism between plants and microbes. Scientists conducted several experiments under certain temperature and situation. This mutualism has drawback to agriculture.

Obstacle
The behavior of plant-eat spiders: spider-plant-ant system
The eating habits influence their interactions with their neighbors.

NativeStudy菌

gpy1992 发表于 2014-10-14 08:53
还是看不懂啊看不懂，怎么办啊！！！有没有大神来指导一下子！

hey, gpy1992~
first of all, you should be patient, maybe you'll get a better understanding of the passage if you read the passage sentence by sentence for several times~ then if there are still questions about the passage you can find your big family here: http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-710284-1-1.html
wish you a good day!