【Native Speaker每日综合训练—39系列】【39-08】经管 Religion & Economy

TaoRs92

内容：TaoRs92  编辑：TaoRs92

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大家好~今天的主题是宗教与经济，往大方向看，大概是意识形态对经济的影响~
准备这个主题源于前几年看的一本著作，Max Weber - Protestantism And The Spirit Of Capitalism（我看的显然是译本哈哈哈……）
这本书与今天的第二篇文章有相似之处，有兴趣的小伙伴可以找来看看。为什么资本主义会在西方国家兴起？宗教在其中起了极大的作用。

Speaker与中国的政治体系有关。TED官网没有audio下载，暂时只为大家提供transcript。
Speed包括两篇文章。
第一篇介绍最近出的一个research——宗教自由有利于经济发展。
第二篇讲述基督教对经济的影响。
（有兴趣可以进一步阅读马克思韦伯的《新教伦理与资本主义精神》，从社会学的角度研究资本主义的兴起与新教的关系）
Obstacle简要介绍伊斯兰经济制度。文章偏长，但内容比较通俗易懂，其中的要点也不多，希望文前的notes对大家有帮助。

Enjoy~

Part I: Speaker

Eric X. Li:

A tale of two political systems

[Rephrase 1, 20min 37sec]

Source：TED

http://www.ted.com/talks/eric_x_li_a_tale_of_two_political_systems

TaoRs92

Part II: Speed

Religious freedom means economic growth, study says

Mark A. Kellner  Tuesday, June 3, 2014

[Warm Up]

      WASHINGTON — Religious freedom, at first glance, may not seem a key predictor of economic growth. But a new study released this week argues that the more religious freedom a nation has, the better its financial system can perform.

      "Religious hostilities and restrictions create climates that can drive away local and foreign investment, undermine sustainable development, and disrupt huge sectors of economies," the Religious Freedom & Business Foundation stated in announcing the findings.

      Those conditions, in turn, stifle economic growth, the group says, noting "the ongoing cycle of religious regulation and hostilities" in Egypt following the 2011 overthrow of Hosni Mubarak that has "adversely effected (its) tourism industry and other sectors."

      "Perhaps most significant for future economic growth, the study notes that young entrepreneurs are pushed to take their talents elsewhere due to the instability associated with high and rising religious restrictions and hostilities," the RFBF said.

[147 words]


[Time 2]

Growing global concerns

      The new study, "Is Religious Freedom Good for Business?: A Conceptual and Empirical Analysis," is authored by three scholars in the field: Brian J. Grim, RBRF founder and president, who also is affiliated with Georgetown University's Berkley Center for Religion, Peace & World Affairs; and Greg Clark and Robert Edward Snyder, of Brigham Young University's International Center for Law and Religion Studies. Clark, an attorney who coordinates legal affairs for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in São Paulo, Brazil, is vice president of the RFBF.

      The study appears in the Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion, and is available online.

      One measure of economic progress was growth of a country's Gross Domestic Product, or GDP.

      According to the RFBF, the study looked at GDP growth for 173 countries in 2011 and found religious freedom correlated with lower corruption. Moreover, "when religious groups operate in a free and competitive environment, religion can play a measurable role in the human and social development of countries."

      The authors analyzed 2011 GDP data and compared with data on religious restrictions, the level of economic and business freedom in a given country, and "measures of government regulation, taxes, labor issues, demographics and economic circumstances."

      The result: "Religious freedom is one of only three variables that remains a significant predictor of GDP growth," the report indicated.

      In concluding the study, the authors recommend businesses "take religious freedom considerations into account in their strategic planning, labor management, and community interactions."

      The authors also advise business leaders: "In evaluating locations for future research and development operations, countries with good records on religious freedom may provide a favorable environment in which to practice innovation and experimentation."

      Religious freedom has been a complicated issue in many societies ranging from death sentences imposed by draconian blasphemy laws in the Middle East and Africa to more subtle restrictions through local zoning regulations, marriage and health care laws in the United States. Most religious liberty supporters have advocated from a perspective of individual rights to religious exercise and expression. Now, Grim and other scholars are at the forefront of an emerging movement that is making a case for religious freedom through its financial benefits.

      Katrina Lantos Swett, an advocate for religious liberty and current vice-chair of the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom, welcomed the RFBF study that highlights how religious hostility can drive away outside investment and undermine economic growth.

      "This study also reinforces the growing recognition that religious freedom is not only a central factor in global economic growth but also contributes to peace and stability," she said. "As such, religious freedom merits a seat at the table of U.S. foreign policy."

[447 words]


[Time 3]

'Clear' correlation

      Sociology professor Roger Finke of Penn State University, who had worked with Grim on previous examinations of the topic, said a link between data measuring religious freedom and economic growth "is very real" and quantifiable.

      "The correlation — that's very clear. The association is definitely there," Finke said in a telephone interview. However, he added, "the part they're always struggling to figure out is to what extent the religious freedoms or culture has an impact on economics."

      According to the RFBF, the new study "goes beyond simple correlations by empirically testing and finding the tandem effects of government restrictions on religion and social hostilities involving religion (as measured by the Pew Research Center) to be detrimental to economic growth while controlling for 23 other theoretical, economic, political, social, and demographic factors."

      Other scholars have also pointed out similar connections, Finke noted. Duke University economics and political science professor Timur Kuran argued in his 2010 book, "The Long Divergence: How Islamic Law Held Back the Middle East," that "starting around the tenth century, Islamic legal institutions, which had benefitted the Middle Eastern economy in the early centuries of Islam, began to act as a drag on development by slowing or blocking the emergence of central features of modern economic life."

      Islamic restrictions on those "central features" — which Kuran listed as "private capital accumulation, corporations, large-scale production and impersonal exchange" of goods and services — began to be eased about 800 years later, as Islamic societies had more interaction with global trade, he noted, but the drag on economic development in many Muslim countries remains.

      Apart from having more open societies, a lingering question is how else can nations improve their economies through protecting religious freedom? To sociologist Finke, one answer lies in an independent judiciary.

      He said, "The majority of countries promise religious freedom. But they all have laws that counter that, or administrators that go against (it). There are sometimes even dueling clauses in constitutions concerning religious liberty. The importance of an independent judiciary is that it enforces the promised freedoms of a (country's) constitution."

[348 words]

Source：Deseret News
http://national.deseretnews.com/article/1596/Religious-freedom-means-economic-growth-study-says.html

America's Christian Roots and Its Impact on the Economy

BY REV. MARK H. CREECH, CHRISTIAN POST COLUMNIST

June 2, 2014|5:24 am

[Time 4]

      I once read where the proprietor of a business shared a hypothetical with his staff. He said, "Suppose a young man was to buy a very costly diamond ring and send it to his fiancée, putting it inside a little case that the jeweler threw in for free. Imagine how disappointed and dismayed he might be if, when meeting her several days afterward, she said, 'Sweetheart, that was a beautiful box you sent to me. I loved it so much that I promise to keep it wrapped in a safe place so that no harm should ever come to it.'"

      "Outrageous, you might think. She neglects the diamond for the little box that contained it. Just as foolish," said the proprietor, "are those who spend all their time and thought on matters that pertain to the body, which is only a case containing the diamond, the real self, the soul, which the Scriptures teach persists long after the body crumbles to dust."

      Jesus spoke of our proclivity to live in this fashion. He said, "Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God" (Matt. 4:4). He asked, "For what shall it profit a man, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul?" (Mark 8:36). In his parable of the rich fool, Jesus talks about a man who invested his entire life in his estate, but neglected matters of the soul, only to enter into God's presence unprepared to meet him and his judgment (Luke 12:13-21). [1]

      We possess a deadly bent toward focusing on the temporal, while neglecting the most important, the eternal. We naturally gravitate in the direction of what satisfies the senses, while overlooking the most important, such as matters related to character.

      This frailty is reflected on numerous personal levels. But it is also seen in our national life in the way we concentrate so much time and energy on issues that impact the economy, forgetting the necessity of commitment to strong values that sustain and make an economy prosper.

[347 words]


[Time 5]

      Few people ever question why Western Civilization has experienced so much abundance in comparison to poorer nations around the world. The reason is inextricably connected to Christianity. The Bible says, "As a man thinketh in his heart, so is he" (Prov. 23:7). What individuals believe, what nations believe has everything to do with their essence and determines whether they grow, multiply, and succeed.

      I served as a short-term missionary to India on three different occasions and saw this principle worked-out first-hand. India's economy has been stagnated for centuries. Though I do not mean to disparage that beautiful country, it cannot be denied the two prominent religions, Hinduism and Islam, hold the nation back. Hunger is rampant in India, but not because they don't have enough food. Hinduism teaches that people who die come back as animals. There are plenty of cows and pigs that roam the streets freely, but no one will slaughter them, even if their child's belly is bloated with malnutrition. Moreover, two hundred million "sacred cows," eat up enough food to feed seven people, taking enough sustenance that could feed as many as 1.4 billion. Neither will they kill the mice and rats that devour much of the grain. [2] For those who have embraced Islam, the fatalism of that religion stifles human progress by telling them Allah has fated all that there is and human initiative amounts to nothing. False religion has a stranglehold on their hope for a better future.

      So the affluence of a people doesn't simply rest with the presence of natural resources as many seem to think. There are plenty of countries that have considerably less natural resources that are more prosperous than those who have more natural resources, but are still not as prosperous. The factor determining wealth is connected more to a people's belief system than anything else.

[308 words]


[Time 6]

      The numerous ways adherence to Christian principles has catapulted the West forward economically are too many to mention in an article as short as this one. Nevertheless, author John Chamberlain in "The Roots of Capitalism" touched on some of the most important in the following quote. He wrote:

      "'Thou shalt not steal' means that the Bible countenances private property – for if a thing is owned in the first place it can scarcely be stolen. 'Thou shalt not covet' means that it is sinful to even contemplate the seizure of another man's goods – which is something Socialists, whether Christian or otherwise, have never managed to explain away. Furthermore, the prohibitions against false witness and adultery mean that contracts should be honored and double-dealing eschewed. As for the Commandment to 'honor thy father and thy mother that thy days may be long,' this implies that the family, not the State, is the basic continuing unit and constitutive element of society." [3]

      In other words, Chamberlain is saying Christian character is the very foundation for fortune.

      In 1992, James Carville coined a campaign slogan for Bill Clinton's presidential run, "It's the economy, stupid." That phrase has long represented the current emphasis. Whether personal or national, it's the pursuit of gain devoid of the chase for moral strength that's driving us closer and closer to economic despair.

      We love our little boxes, but not the diamond of a right relationship with God. We cannot serve both God and money, either we will hate one and love the other (Matthew 6:24). May God grant us to see our greatest need for economic reform is directly related to our need for transformation of the soul.

[281 words]

[1] Laidlaw, Robert A. The Reason Why. Murfreesboro: Sword of the Lord, n.d. Print.
[2] McDowell, Stephen K., and Mark A. Beliles. Liberating the Nations: Biblical Principles of Government, Education, Economics, & Politics. Charlottesville, VA.: Providence Foundation, 1995. Print.
[3] Kennedy, D. James, and Jerry Newcombe. What If Jesus Had Never Been Born? Nashville: T. Nelson, 1994. Print.

Rev. Mark H. Creech is executive director of the Raleigh-based Christian Action League of North Carolina Inc.

Source：The Christian Post
http://www.christianpost.com/news/americas-christian-roots-and-its-impact-on-the-economy-120706/

TaoRs92

Part III: Obstacle

Notes:
Shari’ah--沙里亚，指制定法规、规则、教义和价值观来管理穆斯林的生活。
              这些法规和规则与非穆斯林通常所说的法规不同，涵盖生活的方方面面。
              包括礼拜、道德、个人态度和行为，也包括政治、社会、经济、犯罪和公民等方面。
             (for more information about Shari'ah,
             please visit <http://www.islam.net.cn/html/yisilanjiao/jiaoyigangyao/20110227/130.html>)
Qiyas--格亚斯,一种类比推理方法。
          在释法过程中将Qiyas运用于立法，以扩大创制的范围，
          推理必须以经、训为前提，其结论不得悖逆经、训原文，并经教法学家们的公议核准后方为有效。

An introduction to the Islamic Economic System

The following is a summary of some key aspects of the Islamic Economic system.

[Paraphrase 7]

      Islam recognised that humans will undertake a number of actions to survive. These range from the buying of food, taking ownership of property, selling goods, investment, agriculture, taking loans, exchanging currency, taking up employment and giving work, setting up a company, importing and exporting abroad, disposing of assets etc. In this regard, Islam made a distinction between the economic system and economic science i.e. it views them as two separate issues. This is because there is a fundamental difference between the method of production of goods and services (economic science) from the manner of their distribution (economic system).

      The production of goods and services follow no particular viewpoint in life. A conveyor belt is neither Capitalist, Islamic nor Communist it is universal. Questions as to how processes can be made more technological, how mechanisms and robots can improve productivity and how inventions can improve the process of manufacturing do not follow any specific viewpoint in life.

      This means basic facts on productivity, marketing and manufacturing (economic science) remain the same irrespective of belief or location. This is similar to scientific facts. These are the same whether in China or the US because they are not influenced by any belief. They are questions based upon the reality i.e. understanding the reality at hand leads one to a conclusion. So the fact Inflation occurs when there is too much money chasing too few goods does not change if one is a Christian or if an atheist becomes Muslim or if one move’s form China to the US. This is no different to the fact that wood burns whatever your religion or weather you’re in the UK or the North Pole.

      The distribution of resources, how goods and services should be given to the public, whether they should go to the rich or the orphans, aristocracy or the landlords is not a discussion upon the reality i.e. understanding the reality at hand does not lead one to a conclusion. The manner that defines how to distribute the wealth, how to possess it, and how to spend or dispose of it (economic system) can never be a taken from the reality around us, as the reality does not explain this. The goods and what they are made of do not manifest themselves with answers of whom they should go to. Neither is there any evidence from looking purely at the goods nor services themselves of an indication of a way of deciding how they should be distributed. Therefore the answer must emanate from some point external to the reality i.e. a belief system or ideology.

      Islam does not view the human as an economic unit and then look to find the most economically viable solution thus viewing all problems, whether from marriage to pensions to drugs to education, from the angle of the economic effect and cost. Neither does Islam view the human the way the Communists did which is that people are simply matter, just one aspect of nature, nothing more. Islam views the human as being composed of organic needs as well as instincts, all of which requires answers on how to satisfy them. So Islam organised these instincts and needs in a way that ensures the satisfaction of them all, such as the needs of the stomach and the need to reproduce and others. However, this organisation is not arranged in Islam by satisfying some of them at the expense of the others, nor by suppressing some of them, setting others loose, or setting all of them loose. Instead, Islam has co-ordinated the satisfaction of all of them in a way to ensure comfort, preventing conflicts and a lapse to a primitive level through the anarchism of instincts.

      Through its own economic system, Islam laid down rules for the means to acquire wealth and commodities, how they can be utilised and their manner of disposal. It certainly did not make freedom of ownership the basis of the economic system or even the socialist principal of ‘from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs’.  It did not define the basic problem as ‘unlimited wants, limited resources’. Islam views the resources to be ample enough to completely satisfy the basic needs of all. Therefore, amongst a host of other detailed rules, one will find the Shari'ah aims to secure the satisfaction of all basic needs (food, clothing and housing) completely for every citizen of the Khilafah State.

      Islam defined the manner by which humans acquire wealth to prevent a minority of the populace from controlling the majority of the wealth so that the majority of people are not deprived of satisfying some of their needs. Via qiyas (anological deduction) the following verse in the Qur’an ensures this situation never arises:

      “That it (i.e. the nations wealth) does not become a commodity between the rich among you”
[TMQ Al-Hashr: 7]
  
      This verse was discussing the issue of the rich receiving wealth and addressed the Khaleefah to ensure the wealth is not distributed in a manner where it remains amongst the rich alone.

      The Islamic economic system is built upon three principles:

      1. Ownership
      2. Disposal of ownership
      3. The distribution of wealth amongst the people

      In order to facilitate the acquisition of goods and services Islam put forward rules related to the manner of possessing wealth without any complications. Islam defined the legal means of ownership, and it defined the contracts through which possession can take place. This left humanity free to develop the styles and means by which they earn, as Islam did not interfere in the production of wealth.

      Islam defines the legal means of ownership and contracts in general guidelines that include legal principles and rules, under which numerous issues belong and against which numerous rules are measured by qiyas (analogical deduction).

      Thus Islam allowed employment, detailed its rules and left the person to work as a manufacturer, technician, trader, investor etc. Employment was legislated in such a way that by qiyas it also includes representation. This is because the employee represents the employer of the company and is entitled to a salary. Gifts are legislated as a legal means of ownership and by qiyas this can be extended to include donations, grants, charity and rewards as means of ownership. Thus in Islam the means of ownership and the contracts are detailed by the Shari'ah in general outlines and set in such a way as to include any contemporary incident.

      Islam confined possession to particular means and as a result of this fact ownership came to be defined by the Shari'ah as the possession of goods, services and wealth according to divine means as permitted by the Lawgiver.

      The Shari’ah has determined the means of ownership by specific cases, which it made clear in a limited, rather than unrestricted form. The Shari’ah has laid down these means in clear general guidelines. These comprise of numerous sections, which are branches of these means and clarifications of their rules. The Shari’ah did not characterise the means by certain general criteria, so no other general means can be included through qiyas. Islam allowed the work of an individual in return for a salary as this is considered, as a legal means of ownership and the core condition for this is that he would be compensated for the effort by being paid a salary for the work. Islam allows the cultivation of land, its farming as well as what is known as agriculture. It allowed the extracting of what is in or on the earth, which means mining, exploration as well as construction. Under this general guideline you also have hunting, brokerage as well as sharecropping. Each of these sections can be extrapolated further by qiyas.

      By looking at divine rules from the Shari’ah that allow humans to possess property, it becomes apparent that the means of possession in Islam are limited to five which are:

      1. Work
      2. Inheritance
      3. Obtaining wealth for the sake of life
      4. The State granting wealth to the citizens
      5. Wealth and commodities that individuals take without exchange (gifts, donations and the like)

      It cannot be claimed that Islam is restrictive and hinders economic activity because it has rigid rules, which cannot evolve with time as economic activity increases and changes via the invention of new technologies. This is because humans want to own things in order to survive. Islam clarified which of these means can and cannot be utilised and many of these means can be applied and extended to new realities via qiyas. The ownership of things will increase, decrease and diversify therefore its not necessary that new transactions and contracts be required as the issue at hand is which five means of possession are acceptable to acquire such things. The means to acquire have been laid down and as discussed earlier can be used forever, as they are not time specific.

      In future articles other aspects of the economic system in Islam will be explored.

[1516 words]

Source：khilafah
http://www.khilafah.com/index.php/the-khilafah/economy/388-an-introduction-to-the-islamic-economic-system

疏离无罪

沙发~~~~~~~~~~~
Speaker以前有放过，对内容持保留意见，但支持他的观点，没有一个政治体系是通用，适合自己的才是最好的，政治改革不能停步
越障看的快睡着了ORZ，果然对宗教不感兴趣

Speaker: Comparing the two political systems in the world.The speaker emphasized the use of organization department in China and use the data to show that China is becoming better.Communist Party is a leader in political reform in the world.And there are still some problems need to be fixed such as pollution and corruption.But just stop talking about which political system is better.No one system can be universal.Democracy may be good but not fitable to some countries like China.Just choose an proper one.

01:44
A new study showed that religious freedom can be helpful to the economic growth.Religious freedom can decrease corruption and contribute to peace and stability while religious hostility can drive away outside investment and undermine economic growth.

01:55
This new research studied more than 20 factors that can affect the result and concluded that the this two factors have true correlation.Althought many government claimed religious freedom,they still have laws agianst it.

01:49
We concentrate so much time and energy on issues that impact the economy, forgetting the necessity of commitment to strong values that sustain and make an economy prosper.

01:32
The why Western Civilization has experienced so much abundance in comparison to poorer nations around the world is inextricably connected to Christianity.The factor determining wealth is connected more to a people's belief system than anything else.

01:01
There ara may ways adherence to Christian principles has catapulted the West forward economically.

09:03
Islam made a distinction between the economic system and economic science.
Economic science is about producing marketing and manufacturing,which are all based upon the reality.
Economic system is about distributing properties and resources.
The distribution of resources can never be made from the reality around us,so it is made by a belief system or ideology. Islam does not view the human as an economic unit.Islam views the human as being composed of organic needs as well as instinct.Through its own economic system, Islam laid down rules for the means to acquire wealth and commodities.
3 principle than build the Islamic economic system:1. Ownership 2. Disposal of ownership 3. The distribution of wealth amongst the people.
The means of possession in Islam are limited to five:1. Work2. Inheritance 3. Obtaining wealth for the sake of life 4. The State granting wealth to the citizens 5. Wealth and commodities that individuals take without exchange

TaoRs92

New finding--religion freedom impacts impact much on a country's economic growth.
Several reasons--investment,tourism,entrepreneurs go elsewhere.
______________________
The introduction of RFBF's research. Leaders and its publish.
Details about the finding of this research:
use GDP as a measurement.
religion freedom is one of three variables that impact economic growth.
advises for business leaders and companies--improve religion freedom.
Welcome this research--America puts religion freedom as an important point in foreign policy.
_____________________
The correlation of religious freedom and economic growth is clear and even quantitative.
Similar findings. True answer.
Example--Islam's influence to Middle East's economy.
Question remians to resovle--how to improve economy through protecting religious freedom.
______________________
A story--focus on the outside,not the eternal.
Similar to the situation of economy now.
_____________________
Religions hold India back. Hinduism and Islam.
People's belief has big impact on economy.
_____________________
Christianity's influence on people's perspective towards fortune,wealth and economy.
Several principles to explan.
People now need to see more about the eternal and soul of the economy,not the little box.Economy reforms--Transformation to soul is needed.
_____________________
Economic science and Economic system.
Economic science--how to product,tech.This will not change in different religion or idiology.
Economic system--how to distribute,give to the public.This will change in different religion or idiology.
Core rule of Islamic economic system(comparison with Capitalism and Communist)--
1 needs and instincts/satisfy the need for all people,not surpress some of them or distribute more on the rich.
2 ownership/three principles.
Categories of ownership.Five that is acceptable to Shari'ah and Qiyas.

vsetteacher

Erric Li在国内应该会被网民带上五毛的帽子吧。不是很同意他的预言，独裁带来的效率是最高的，经济的发展补偿了民众的利益的损失。然而现在，经济的高速发展是以环境，廉价劳力，庞大的人口基数为前提，现在问题的征兆已经越来越明显了，雾霾，各种天灾旱涝频发，人口结构老龄化，跟印度等国相比失去廉价劳动力的优势，社会矛盾日益尖锐，前所未闻的社会事件频发，这些都显示Erric的预言过于乐观。更不用谈国际格局的巨大压制。世界上也许不只有democracy一种方法，但我们的摸石头过河迟早会遇到趟不过去的坎。现在中国就像一艘高速前进的战车，只能前进，一旦停下甚至后退就是一场灾难。

34,2:10,1:57,1:47,1:50,1:57,7:17

crystal9291

T2
a study conducted by three scholars shows that religious freedom is one of three important predictors of GDP growth.
suggestions:
1 take religious freedom into consideration in business activities
2 for business leaders, countries with good records og religious freedom are proper to make experiments and innovations
scholars come to research the financial benefits and effects of religious freedom
--->religious freedom is both a economic factor and stability predictor.
T3
scholars wondered what extent the religious freedom has impact on economics.
e1-RFBF: government restrictions on religion can be harmful to economics.
e2-Istamic: restrictions on central features remain to drag the economic development in some areas.
solution: to improve economies through protecting religious freedom, a country should enforce its promises of religious freedom said in constitution
T4
e. diamond and the case
---> people focus on the temporal and unnecessary parts but neglect the eternal and soul parts
--->as for economy, people spend much time on its impact factors but forget the necessities that contribute to economy prosper
T5
Christianity is related to the abundance of western civilization.
e(contrast). India, affluence of natural resources cannot change the poor situation of the country because of the false religious restrictions.
--->Belief system determined wealth level.
T6
Christian character is the foundation for fortune.
e. JC

wn0858

1. 0.54
hostility& unstabled religious have a huge negative effect on a country in every aspect
2. 2.39
religious freedom is the only three factor to effect the growing in the economy. there is a study analayze it.
2. 2.31
a eg of modern east contries: religious is a drag on the economic. caz: some factors will be ease with the open trade but the economic drag still remian 这点是我重复的看了一遍才写出来的
第一遍看完我只记得它一直在讲 religious还是有影响，和后面的judiciary
independent judiciary promise the religious freedom

公元前334

2:29 Religious freedom is one the most three factors reflects GDP growth, hence economic strength. The meaning of religious freedom is various among countries.
2:35 How much does religious freedom influence economics growth: Islamic Law. How can nations protect the Freedom: independent judiciary.
2:40 Concentrate on issues impact economy without considering the inner values which sustain an prosper.
2:57 Fales religion holdbacks the economic growth: India, Islam. The factors determine wealth is belief system rather than natrual sources.
2:12 How Christian principles involve economic principles. Economic reform should reflects the needs for soul transformation.

Economic Science (The production of goods and services follow no particular viewpoint in life. Same between Islam and other world) to Economic System (The distribution of goods. Different). Understand science cannot lead to system, hence we should look at belief system or ideology.

Islam treats human as like need to be satisfied rather than economic unit. The satisfiction is achieved through the anarchism of instincts. Islam economic system is designed to satisfy all basic needs (food, clothing and housing). Prevent minority from controling majority...

yaomincui

time1 Religious freedom is good for the economic growth. The paragraph provides some data for us.
time2 The researcher said that one of the three factors that can contribute to the economic growth is religious freedom. The economic growth is measured by GDP. Lastly, the religious freedom not only leads to the economic growth but also contributes to the peace and stability.
time3 Many researchers show the correlation between religious freedom and the economic growth. xxx said that one of the solutions to protecting religious freedom is independent judiciary.
time4 Analogy of the man and women. The man sends a diamond with a case but the women thinks that the case is the item that the man wants to send to her. She neglects the most important thing- the soul.
time5 What the man believe in the country determines the growth of it. The example of India. It's not the resource that determines the development of the country. But the culture and belief matters.
time6 the christian character is fundamental to fortune. Economic reform needs transformation of soul.
obstacle
People survive by the process of production, ownership etc.
There are difference between economic system & economic science.
Introduction of Ixx
ownership
disposition of ownership
distribution of wealth
The method of Ixx can determine the economic condition.
There are still other unknown context in Ixx