OG178,OG233

concong

178. In the last few years, the number of convicted criminals given community service sentences, which allow the criminals to remain unconfined while they perform specific jobs benefiting the public, have risen dramatically.

(E) sentences allowing them to remain unconfined while performing specific jobs that benefit the public has

233. Recently implemented “shift-work equations” based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.

(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising

我在想while doing 是不是可以这样解释：向前寻找离其最近的动词，doing的动作发出者也就是这个动词的动作发出者。