【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-1】

Jane412

精练
1、[weaken]
Time：15’
Premise：Carl hassolved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him, only 1 out of 25
Conclusion: Carlis an incompetent detective
Prephrase: if thecases assigned to Carl are much more difficult compared to those assigned to others,then Carl is an excellent detective

(A) Because thepolice chief regards Carl as the
most capable detective, she assigns him only
the most difficult cases, ones that others have
failed to solve.
-----correct!

(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a
neighborhood police officer and was highly
respected by the residents of the
neighborhood he patrolled.
----irrelevant. Theprevious situation has nothing to do with the currant performance

(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl
serves are provided with extensive resources,
including the use of a large computer
database, to help them solve crimes.
-----strengthenthe stimulus. With the help of advanced facilities, detectives should solvemore cases. However, the performance of Carl is bad, so this choice support thestimuli

(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police
department in another city, and in the 4 years
he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30
crimes.
-----irrelevant.

(E) Many of the officers in the police department in
which Carl serves were hired or promoted
within the last 5 years.
------irrelevant

逻辑链
2、[weaken]
time: 29’’
Background: F havebeen found in nature, formed in fissures of mineral shungite
Premise: the labsynthesis of F requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
Conclusion:geologists can evaluate hypotheses about the state of the earth’s crust when Fwere formed
Prephrase:maybe there are some other factors are important for F, but they cannot beevaluate in lab. Maybe relate to the mineral shungite. (这个想得不太好。。。#￥%)

(A) Confirming that the shungite genuinely containedfullerenes took careful experimentation.
-----irrelevant. Have nothing to do the conclusion.

(B) Some fullerenes have alsobeen found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft.
-----irrelevant.

(C) The mineral shungite itselfcontains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed.
----irrelevant. Repeat how F formed in nature.

(D) The naturally occurringfullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure.
----correct! Since the crystalline structure is unknown,some situation about the state’s crust when F were formed cannot be evaluate.

(E) Shungite itself is formedonly under distinctive conditions.
-----irrelevant. Repeat the info in stimuli that theconditions are distinctive

3、[weaken]
Time: 30’’
premise:normally, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resultingfrom a fall costs $11000
Premise: a newgrogram can reduce an elderly person’s chances of falling.
      The program is desirable for many reasonand costs $12500
Conclusion: thecost of the program cannot be justified.
Prephrase: somefactors affect the high price of the program, thus it can be justified
（这题做的很乱。。。！@￥%）

(A) Among elderlypeople who had followed the program for only a few months, the number ofserious falls reported was higher than it was for people who had followed theprogram for its recommended minimum length of one year.
----irrelevant. Theinfo should be related to the high price

(B) Falls resulting in serious injuries are less commonamong elderly people living in nursing homes than they are among elderly peoplewho live alone at home.
----irrelevant.

(C) A frequent result of injuries sustained in falls is long-termpain, medication for which is not counted among the average per-person costs ofemergency treatment for elderly people's injuries from such falls.
----排除以后就剩它了。。。这题不太会做。。。orz

(D) The new therapeutic program focuses on therapies otherthan medication, since overmedication can cause disorientation and henceincrease the likelihood that an elderly person will have a serious fall.
----irrelevant. Thischoice just explains why the new program can reduce the chances of falling.

(E) A significant portion of the cost of the newtherapeutic program is represented by regular visits by health careprofessionals, the costs of which tend to increase more rapidly than do thoseof other elements of the program.
----irrelevant.

4、[support]
Time: 36’’
BG: V livetogether and consist of an extended family. V live in large or small groupsduring certain seasons.
Premise: seasonalvariation in mortality among young V
Conclusion: thereis seasonal variation in group size
Prephrase: thetime when V have high mortality among young= the time when V live in smallgroup.
        the time when V have low mortalityamong young= the time when V live in large group.

(A) It is in thespring and early summer that prairie vole communities generally contain thehighest proportion of young voles.
----irrelevant. Infohave to focus on mortality among young V. besides, the time in this choice ≠ the time in thestimuli

(B) Prairie vole populations vary dramatically in size fromyear to year.
----irrelevant. Theinfo from the stimuli is that the group is related to seasons.

(C) The prairie vole subsists primarily on broad-leavedplants that are abundant only in spring.
----weaken. If itis true, then V should be in large group during spring. However, it’s not whatwe get from stimuli.

(D) Winters in the prairie voles' habitat are often harsh,with temperatures that drop well below freezing.
----weaken.thischoice seems to conclude that V live in small group in winter because of theharsh environment. However, this doesn’t match the info from stimuli.

(E) Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, areactive only from spring through early autumn.
----correct！Snakes activeonly from spring through early autumn + major predator of young V → high mortalityamong young V from spring through early autumn. Match the info from stimuli


5、explain
Time：29’’
BG：many dolphins get asmuch as half of their food each day when they perform in the program
Conclusion: the offspring of dolphins feedin the program have a lower life expectancy than those of dolphins feed in thewild    
Prephrase: the food that given to thedolphins during the show have negative effect on their offspring. （后来证明这个prephrase太木有想象力了。。。@#￥%）

(A) Sharks that prey on dolphins are less common in theopen seas off the beach than in many other areas of the open seas wheredolphins congregate.
----if it is the reason,then the conclusion in stimuli should be reversed.

(B) Many of the adult dolphins that feed at the beach arefemales that nurse their offspring there.
----weaken. If it’strue, then the offspring of dolphins feed on the beach should have long life expectancy.However, it’s not.

(C) The fish given to the dolphins at the beach are thesame types of fish that dolphins typically catch in the wild.
----weaken. This fail to explain why thereare different life expectancy between the two different group of offspring.

(D) Many dolphins that feed at the beach with theiroffspring come to the beach only a few times a month.
----irrelevant

(E) Adult dolphins that feed at the beach spend much lesstime teaching their offspring how to catch fish in the wild than do other adultdolphins.
----correct! This tellsthe difference between the two groups of offspring and can explain why theoffspring of dolphins that feed at the beach have lower life expectancy.




ps：第一次逻辑链，不知道写的可否。。。真正把原因什么写出来的时候才发现有些理由想的不是很充分。。。
哪里不足还望daisy和各位nn指出来哇。。。~~~~~~