2月25日答案

belinda_cao

Ecoefficiency (measures to minimize environment impact through the reduction or elimination of waste from production processes) has become a goal for companies worldwide, with many realizing significant cost savings from such innovations.

语法点：

1)修饰 waste of production processes/ elimination of waste/measures to minimize environment impact/savings from such innovations

2)Through的用法，through 连词的作用，表示通过穿过，through+ /词组

3)With的用法，with 是个介词，后面加句子成分/N  With many realizing significant cost savings

4)名词的修饰结构

5)Many+realizing+significant+cost+Savings (adj,adj,adj,adj,+N)

翻译：生态效率（通过减少和消除生产过程中产生的废物来减少环境污染的措施）已经变成了全世界公司的一个目标，与此同时从这些创新中也收获了很多的明确的显著的成本节约。

Point:1) Ecoefficiency has become a goal.

Peter Senge and Goran Carstedt see this development as laudable But suggest that simply adopting ecoefficiency innovations could actually worsen environmental stresses in the future.

生词：

laudable		英[ˈlɔ:dəbl]	美[ˈlɔdəbəl]
dj.	值得赞美的

The anti-spam industry has done laudable work in saving e-mail.

反垃圾邮件行业在挽救电子邮件上所做的工作值得称赞。

副词:laudably;名词:laudability, laubleness

语法：
1）see this development (N) as laudable (adj) 或者是（N）

Eg：Although most advertise their faculty openings all over the world, the schools see U.S. doctorates as prestigious and useful in recruiting students as they build their reputations   前面一个see….as….,后面一个是as引导时间状语从句

2）名词修饰  simply+ adopting+ecoefficiency+innovation (adv+adj+n+n)

翻译：P&S认为这些进步是值得赞美的，但是提出这样简单的可接收到节能创新可能在将来会增加环境的压力负担
Point 2）P&G suggest that innovations could worsen environmental stesses

Such innovations reduce production waste but do not alter the number of  products manufactured, nor the waste generated from their use and discard; indeed, most companies invest in ecoefficiency improvements in order to increase profits and growth.

语法：
Not……, nor……= neither….nor 查了很多资料关于nor的用法，注意逗号！

Nor 是一个连词，后面+N或者词组，一般放在前面表强调
翻译：类似于这样的创新能够降低生产环节产生的浪费但是却不能降低商品的数量，也不能降低在使用和丢弃环节产生的垃圾。事实上，更多的公司在生产效能上投资是为了增加利润和销售

I: Such innovation do not alter the number of products nor the waste

E(Example) :most companies invest in order to increase profits and growth

Moreover, there is no guarantee that increased economic growth from ecoefficiency will come in similarly ecoefficient ways, since in today’s global markets, greater profits may be turned into investment capital that could easily be reinvested in old-style eco-inefficient industries.

语法：

定从:  1)Guarantee that increased …… 2)Investment capital that could easily be reinvested ……

翻译： 更重要的是，生态效率中获得的经济增长并不一定是按照生态的方式，在当今的社会中，更大的利润会被轻易的投入到过时的生态行业去。

E ：Increased economic growth will not come in similar ways

Even a vastly more ecoefficient industrial system could, were it to grow much larger, generate more total waste and destroy more habitat and species than would a smaller, less ecoefficient economy.

语法部分

修饰： vastly more ecofficient industrial system  adv+adj+adj+adj+N

Even 的用法： Even做副词时，后面加句子

虚拟语气倒装：

1)were it to grow much larger =if it were to grow larger

2)than would a smaller, less ecoefficient economy也倒装了下，原本应该是 than a smaller, less ecoefficient economy would

这里主要是因为主语太长了，避免头重脚轻所以would提前了

并列结构：grow ，generate and destroy / habitat , species

翻译：一个工业体系即使它生态效率非常高，而且规模也有可能增长的更大，但相较一个规模较小生态效率较低的经济体而言，也会产生更多的废弃物，破坏更多的动物栖息地和物种。

EExplain) A more ecoefficient system could generate more waste than a smaller economy could

Senge and Carstedt argue that to preserve the global environment and sustain economic growth, businesses must develop a new systemic approach that reduces total material use and total accumulated waste.

语法：
名词从句 argue that

词组修饰 that to (preserve ….and sustain)
并列total material use and total accumulated waste.
翻译：S和C争论说为了能够是地球环境和可持续发展得到平衡，商业必须发展一个新的能够降低材料使用和所有环节浪费的系统
Conclusion :Business must develop a new approach

Focusing exclusively on ecoefficiency, which offers a compelling business case according to established thinking, may distract companies from pursuing radically different products and business .

Conclusion:  which offers a compelling business case may distract companies from …….

语法：
大美句： A was Focusing ……, A which offers……., may distract compies…..,A= which offers a compelling business case according to established thinking
将目光集中于生态效益-根据既有的思维，他提供了一个引人入胜的商业案例，可能使公司分散注意力，不再追求不同的单品和商业模式
Conclusion：which offers a compelling business case may distract companies from pursuing different products

1. that sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of　descendants an individual will have and　hence the number of gene copies　transmitted. （难度系数5，下同）  

译文：那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。  

难句类型：倒装、省略  

a本句的正常语序应当是：that sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendnts an individuall will have and hence the number of gene copies transmited will be favored.但是因为主语that sex　ratio之后的以which引导的修饰它的定语从句，如果按照以上语序，则有头重脚轻之感。所以原文将此长长的从句倒装成谓语will be favored之后。  

b在which引导的从句中，有两处省略：第一处在maximize的第一个宾语the number of descendants that an individuall will have中，　an individuall will have是修饰descendants的定语从句，但是，因为descendants在从句中作have的宾语，所以引导词that可以省略。第二处省略是在第二个the number of 之前，省略了与前面一样的成分that sex ratio which maximizes. and hence在此表示后面的成分作为前面“最大化一个个体的后代的数目的”结果。  

2. （this is ）a desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .(5++)复杂+倒装+省略;  

（这是一种）照亮现实的欲望，此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后面的那种欲望，后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记录下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的欲望。  

解释：本句子的难度在一切gre、gmat包括lsat考试中所出现的难句中堪称登峰造极，可以确定地讲，类似此句子的难度的语言，在计算机考试的现场绝无可能出现。如果对此句话不感兴趣，可以把其废掉不读。  

a、 这句话读起来别扭的第一个原因，是因为它根本就不是一个句子。句首省略了this is 。这种用一个词代替一个句子的方式如果在书面语中出现，只能出现在高级英语中，因此我们以前的英语学习中从未遇到过。其形式类似于我们中文的“精彩”是“这句话真是精彩”的省略形式。  

b、 desire后跟着两个大的修饰成分，一个是to throw over reality a light，其中的a light 是被倒装到了over reality之后，正常应是throw a light over reality.不过这个便装部分与throw距离不远，读者看得还算懂。关键是第二个修饰成分。注意：从that开始直到句尾结束的长长的定语从句不是修饰其前的light的，而是修饰一开始的desire的。  

c、 第二个修饰成分中又来了一个倒装，由于作者为了强调never,所以将其提前，引发了定语从句中的倒装：正常语序应该是that might never be given away，倒装后系动词was被提前，given因为在情态动词might之后所以变成了原型give。a give way to b，是a让位于b，而a be given way to b，　则是a取代b。on the part of 之后的部分修饰后面的desire，what引导的从句现场阅读时可以看成一个名词。what从句中的不定式to recored exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower中又有一个避免头重脚轻的倒装，正常语序应该是to recored the structure and texture of a flower exactly and concretely。  

d、 就算能够看懂这句话的结构，可能仍然理解不了意思。本句的意思是，哈代(注：人名老的冲动是一种简单的、说明现实的欲望，新冲动是一种即是小说家又像科学家的仔细研究一个东西的特点那样的欲望（新冲动），前一种欲望是永远也不能取代后者的。