【Native Speaker每日综合训练—31系列】【31-15】文史哲

pennyz

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大家过年好，今天是初二了，大家出去串亲亲了吗？
今天的speaker部分除了一个ESL的podcast，还附赠一个麦肯锡的小视频哦～
speed的部分主要是搜索带给我们生活的改变（第一篇和第三篇文）
还有现在红遍美国的超级碗（国家橄榄球联盟的年度冠军赛）
obstacle是有关obamacare的反思
enjoy~

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Part I:   Speaker

Using Electronics on Airplanes

[Rephrase 1]

[Dialog, 19:35]

Slow dialog: 1:28
Explanations: 3:52
Fast dialog: 17:28


Source: ESL podcast
http://www.eslpod.com/website/show_podcast.php?issue_id=14676070#


A little Gift
The First Mark - McKinsey&Company

pennyz

Part II:   Speed

Medical Students Are Fixing Wikipedia Entries

Wikipedia is still the leading source of information for patients and providers. Which is a problem, since Wikipedia entries have mistakes

By Rose Eveleth  smithsonianmag.com  January 30, 2014

[Time 2]

We’ve all been there: something hurts and your first instinct is to google it. Suddenly, you’re half-convinced you have cancer. Kelly Oxford, author and screenwriter, once joked that “Web MD is like a Choose Your Own Adventure book where the ending is always cancer.” And while we all know that googling things like “pain in side” is not the best way to evaluation your health issues, Wikipedia is still the leading source of information for patients and providers. Which is a problem, since many Wikipedia entries have mistakes.

Now, according to Rachel Feltman at Quartz, medical students are taking to the internet to try and fix some of those errors. Feltman points to Dr. Amin Azzam, a professor and doctor at the Univeristy of California, San Fransisco School of Medicine:

In November, Azzam launched an elective for fourth-year medical students that consists solely of editing Wikipedia articles for accuracy. When one of his former students came up with the concept over a year ago, Azzam was skeptical. But then, he told Quartz, he saw the wisdom of the idea. “A lot of professors have done it,” he said. “I’m not all that innovative. But it hasn’t been done at the medical school level, at least not in the US.” And since medical school is structured from month to month, with fourth years requiring time and flexibility to find their internships for the following year, Azzam realized it was a perfect fit. “It’s a travel-friendly elective while they’re interviewing,” he said. “You can literally do it anywhere.”

The five students in Azzam’s class spent a whole month trawling and correcting Wikipedia entries on medical topics. Unlike some fields, like computer science physics, where entries tend to be relatively accurate and updated often by those in the know, medical professionals have long stayed away from Wikipedia, Azzam says. Which makes it all the more likely that the information patients are reaching for is out of date at best, and flat out wrong at worst. Which in turn makes you more likely to be 50 percent certain you have cancer. Okay, maybe 60 percent.

[351 words]

Source: the Smithsonian
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/medical-students-are-fixing-wikipedia-entries-180949550/

How to Watch the Super Bowl Online, and Why You Won’t See the Same Commercials

By Will Oremus

[Time 3]

Good news, cord-cutters (and cord-nevers): For the third year running, the Super Bowl will be streamed live online for free in the United States. This year you can watch the Super Bowl live on Fox Sports Go starting at 6:30 p.m. eastern time. The website is FoxSportsGo.com, or you can use the Fox Sports Go iPad app.

For Fox Sports Go, this represents a nice break from its usual live-stream policies, which require you to verify that you’re already paying for cable before you can watch online. Or, at least, that you know someone who pays for cable and is willing to share her username and password with you. (Shh.)  
The free live stream might seem a little risky for the NFL and the networks at a time when pay-TV subscribers regularly cite live sports broadcasts as one of the main reasons they haven’t cut the cord yet. On the other hand, it's a great way to remove the incentive for piracy. A Fox Sports official tells Variety’s Todd Spangler that the network is looking at this “free preview” as a chance to showcase its live-streaming service, in hopes that people will be enticed to subscribe for future online sports broadcasts.

There are still a couple of catches, though. As CNN’s Heather Kelly points out, the NFL’s deal with Verizon means that Fox Sports won’t be allowed to stream the game to smartphones, only desktop computers and iPads. To watch on your phone, you’ll need a $5-per-month subscription to Verizon’s NFL Mobile service. (There’s also no Fox Sports Go app for Android tablet users, meaning they’ll have to try their luck with FoxSportsGo.com on their mobile browsers.)
[277 words]

[Time 4]

But watching the Super Bowl on your mobile device sounds like a sad and lonely thing to do anyway. For a lot of online viewers watching on their computers—or on their TVs via their computers, as I’m planning to do—the bigger disappointment may be the commercials. Variety’s Spangler reports that Fox is selling its online ad slots separately from its inventory for the main telecast, so the ones that appear in the online feed won’t necessarily be the same ones the rest of the country is watching. If you don’t care about the commercials anyway, this is no big deal. But I suspect a lot of viewers will regret missing out on the chance to be armchair ad critics for the evening.

There is some solace for cord-cutters who also love (or love to hate) the commercials. Many have already been released online. And it seems that NFL.com will be keeping a continuously updating feed of all the commercials on its website during the game, which you can find here.

It's not clear yet just how different the online ads will be from those in the telecast. As of last week, Fox told Variety it had not yet succeeded in selling out its digital ad inventory for the big game, which suggests to me that either its prices are too high or advertisers are underestimating just how big (and valuable) that online audience might be. The 2012 live stream on NBC brought in about 2 million users, and CBS captured 3 million last year. I’m not basing this on much other than intuition, but I wouldn’t be surprised if the number tops 4 million this time around.

It will be interesting to see whether the Super Bowl telecast can continue to be such a draw for advertisers in the future as more and more of the audience migrates online. It’s possible that we’ll someday reach a point where the live stream audience begins to take a serious chunk out of the TV audience, at which point advertisers will have to decide which one to target, or perhaps shell out for both. But we’re not there yet.

[358 words]

Source: slate
http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2014/01/31/super_bowl_live_stream_2014_how_to_watch_super_bowl_xlviii_online_and_where.html

Parents Ask Google If Their Sons Are Geniuses and If Their Daughters Are Fat

By Amanda Marcotte

[Time 5]

One of the unintended consequences of the digital era is that it leaves a historically unprecedented pile of evidence of our innermost thoughts and concerns. Google's simple search bar has turned into a dumping ground for the questions that we may be afraid to ask out loud, which is why it's a perfect place to look and see if modern parents, who are often careful to claim publicly that they treat male and female children equally, are privately exerting different expectations and pressures based on gender.

Seth Stephens-Davidowitz writes for the New York Times on his research looking at the different concerns that parents bring to Google when it comes to sons and daughters. He finds, unsurprisingly, that despite a decade-plus of "girl power" cheerleading, parents still believe that what matters about sons is their intelligence and what matters about girls is their looks.

While girls are 11 percent more likely, in the real world, to be in gifted programs, parents are way more likely to look at their sons and feel the soaring hope that they detect signs of burgeoning genius. Stephens-Davidowitz found that for every 10 Google queries asking, "Is my daughter gifted?" there were 25 asking, "Is my son gifted?" Parents were way more likely to ask about sons being geniuses or intelligent than they were about daughters. But the attention paid to boys' brains over girls' showed up on the other side of the spectrum, too, with worried parents 52 percent more likely to ask if sons were "stupid" than daughters and 46 percent more likely to ask if sons were "behind" than daughters.

It's not that daughters are ignored in the world of Google inquiries, however. Shift the focus to the area directly under the actual brain and suddenly interest in daughters surges. Boys are slightly more likely to be overweight than girls, but girls' weight concerned parents a lot more. For every 10 inquiries about sons being overweight, there were 17 about daughters. Indeed, there's a lot of fear that the daughters of America are not cutting it in the looks department. There were three times as many inquiries about whether a daughter is "ugly" than for a son. And yes, it's hard to understand why parents would think Google knows the answer.

[379 words]

[Time 6]

While it's tempting to write off the entirety of this survey as yet another example of how parents fail children by aggressively instilling sexism from an early age, the picture is a bit more complicated than that. Plenty of parents are actively worried about how well the children they're raising will do when released from the nest into the real world. And parents do have reason to believe that women pay a much higher penalty for being overweight or considered unattractive than men do. And that's just in the workplace. Parents are also generally interested in raising children that are social and romantic successes, and while that's harder for social scientists to research, just living in the world should tell us that women's looks and weight matter more than men's. Needless to say, getting married matters way more for a woman to be considered a success than for a man, and parents aren't immune to feeling that pressure. Even if a parent feels guilty about holding daughters to a higher standard in the looks department, fears that a daughter will be treated poorly as an adult if she's heavy or considered homely likely override the desire to be fair. It's not cool giving your daughter a complex about her looks, but that parents get a little aggressive in this department is somewhat understandable.

Of course, the tendency to see every utterance that comes out of a boy's mouth as indicative of his future genius while treating the same behavior from girls with indifference is just plain old sexism that can't be excused in any way. This isn't the bad old days where a woman's intelligence had little bearing on her future success, and in fact, women outnumber men on college campuses. Parents, your early talking girl is just as likely to be a burgeoning Einstein as your boy is. No need to hold back in discussing your daughter's intelligence with the search bar on Google.

[325 words]

Source: slate
http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2014/01/21/parents_ask_google_is_my_son_gifted_and_is_my_daughter_overweight.html

pennyz

Part III:  Obstacle

Four words in the ACA could spell its doom

By George F. Will, Published: January 30

[Paraphrase 7]

Someone you probably are not familiar with has filed a suit you probably have not heard about concerning a four-word phrase you should know about. The suit could blow to smithereens something everyone has heard altogether too much about, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (hereafter, ACA).

Scott Pruitt and some kindred spirits might accelerate the ACA’s collapse by blocking another of the Obama administration’s lawless uses of the Internal Revenue Service. Pruitt was elected Oklahoma’s attorney general by promising to defend states’ prerogatives against federal encroachment, and today he and some properly litigious people elsewhere are defending a state prerogative that the ACA explicitly created. If they succeed, the ACA’s disintegration will accelerate.

Because under the ACA, insurance companies cannot refuse coverage because of an individual’s preexisting condition. Because many people might therefore wait to purchase insurance after they become sick, the ACA requires a mandate to compel people to buy insurance. And because many people cannot afford the insurance that satisfies the ACA’s criteria, the ACA mandate makes it necessary to provide subsidies for those people.

The four words that threaten disaster for the ACA say the subsidies shall be available to persons who purchase health insurance in an exchange “established by the state.” But 34 states have chosen not to establish exchanges.

So the IRS, which is charged with enforcing the ACA, has ridden to the rescue of Barack Obama’s pride and joy. Taking time off from writing regulations to restrict the political speech of Obama’s critics, the IRS has said, with its breezy indifference to legality, that subsidies shall also be dispensed to those who purchase insurance through federal exchanges the government has established in those 34 states. Pruitt is challenging the IRS in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma, and there are similar challenges in Indiana, Virginia and Washington, D.C.

The IRS says its “interpretation” — it actually is a revision — of the law is “consistent with,” and justified by, the “structure of” the ACA. The IRS means that without its rule, the ACA would be unworkable and that Congress could not have meant to allow this. The ACA’s legislative history, however, demonstrates that Congress clearly — and, one might say, with malice aforethought — wanted subsidies available only through state exchanges.

Some have suggested that the language limiting subsidies to state-run exchanges is a drafting error. Well.
Some of the ACA’s myriad defects do reflect its slapdash enactment, which presaged its chaotic implementation. But the four potentially lethal words were carefully considered and express Congress’s intent.
Congress made subsidies available only through state exchanges as a means of coercing states into setting up exchanges.

In Senate Finance Committee deliberations on the ACA, Chairman Max Baucus (D-Mont.), one of the bill’s primary authors, suggested conditioning tax credits on state compliance because only by doing so could the federal government induce state cooperation with the ACA. Then the law’s insurance requirements could be imposed on states without running afoul of constitutional law precedents that prevent the federal government from commandeering state governments. The pertinent language originated in the committee and was clarified in the Senate. (See “Taxation Without Representation: The Illegal IRS Rule To Expand Tax Credits Under The PPACA,” by Jonathan H. Adler and Michael F. Cannon in Health Matrix: Journal of Law-Medicine.)

Also, passage of the ACA required the vote of every Democratic senator. One, Nebraska’s Ben Nelson, admirably opposed a federal exchange lest this become a steppingstone toward a single-payer system.

If courts, perhaps ultimately including the Supreme Court, disallow the IRS’s “interpretation” of the law, the ACA will not function as intended in 34 states with 65 percent of the nation’s population. If courts allow the IRS’s demarche, they will validate this:
By dispensing subsidies through federal exchanges, the IRS will spend tax revenues without congressional authorization. And by enforcing the employer mandate in states that have only federal exchanges, it will collect taxes — remember, Chief Justice John Roberts saved the ACA by declaring that the penalty enforcing the mandate is really just a tax on the act of not purchasing insurance — without congressional authorization.

If the IRS can do neither, it cannot impose penalties on employers who fail to offer ACA-approved insurance to employees.

If the IRS can do both, Congress can disband because it has become peripheral to American governance.

[722 words]

Source: washingtonpost
http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/george-f-will-four-words-in-the-aca-could-spell-its-doom/2014/01/29/e26a33cc-884a-11e3-a5bd-844629433ba3_story.html

pennyz

占个座，爬去睡觉～谢谢大家帮忙发帖子指导拉
twiddle one's thumb
无所事事
take a flight leap out of the window
leap is a rude exprssion meaning get out
FAA federal air administration
an attendant ask a man to take off his portable electronic devices in order that the plan can take off.but the man is not cooperating the attendants' work.
2：26s
the medical students revise the entries in wekiencyclopedia for the best
2:08s
2:28s
NFL permit people watch the big bowl for free at their ipad and tablet,mainly hoping that their audience will subscribe their channel latter
the ads inserted in the online show will make it different from the telecast,while the audience are immigrating from teletevision to the wired devices,we can not predict what the strategy for advertisers,maybe churn out for both medium
cord cutter
停掉有线电视服务
on the other hand 是转折语气
用来补充同一个事物的另一个方面
in contrast 将两个不同的事物相对比
on the contray 之前说得并不正确，之后说得才是正确的
the free live stream might seem a little risky for the NFL and the networks at a time when pay-tv subscribers regularly cite live sports broadcasts as one of the main reasons they haven't cut the cord yet.on the other hand,it is a great way to remove the incentive for piracy
2:42s
2:15s
the search result in google show the old school opinion on boys and girls.
girls are more concentrated on looks while boys on intelligence
5:54s
the ACA and IRS are caught in the delimma
ACA is set to provide government aid for people but 34 states government refuse to do so
mr is suing the irs for violating the rules
IRS have revise the law to make the ACA work
passage of the ACA require the vote of every democratic senator
if the ACA can be implemented through the us,it means aca can spend money
if ACA and IRS lose the lawsuit ,it will ruin the medical
if it win,it will disband the congress because it has become peripheral to American governance

疏离无罪

板凳～～～THX  Penny
今天的越障看了好久，最后发现那段 一串because的是关键，各种关系全在一段里讲，看晕了都。不过，看懂还真是高兴呢。

Speaker: Passengers must turn off their electronic appliances before the plane takeoff to make the take-off safe,since electronic may effect the communication system.And the air stewadess suggested him to look out the window.

01:35
Medical students are trying to fix errors in Wikipedia entries which they have stayed away for long time.

01:36
People can watch superball online for free.But it is only available on computer and Ipad,the phone is not supported.It's a new try and a risk,too.

01:33
For online viewers,the commercials are not the same as those on TV.And these online ads haven't attracted lots of advertisers,the high price and the underestimating may be the reasons.

01:42
Google,to some extent,shows the different expectations and pressures based on gender.Parents still care more about their son's intelligence and their daughter's looks.

01:44
Parents believe that girls are more concerned about their weight and marriage and boys are concerned about their future genius.

08:44
Main Idea:The new action of IRS may make the ACA down.
Under the ACA,insurance company can not refuse coverage because of a person's preexisting condition.This let people have the opportunity to buy insurance after they are sick.So the ACA  compels people to buy insurance.However,many people can not afford this.So ACA makes it necessary to provide subsidies for those people.
But at the same time,these subsidies are only available to persons who purchase health insurance in an exchange established by state.The fact is that 34 states refuse to establish exchanges.This law made by congress is totally a mess.
So the IRS has only one choice: establish the federal exchange,which means a single-payer system and opposed by many people.
If this law was passed,the IRS will spend tax revenues without congressional authorization and collect a kind of insurance tax.
If this law was not passed,the ACA will not be functional any more since 34 states with 65 percent of the nation’s population can not use it.

sherlock1992

地板~~~ Thx, Penny.
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1'57''
1'21''
1'37''
2'31''
2'28''

铁板神猴

penny video的播放得需要wmv, mp4等结尾的下载地址；或者支持优酷土豆一类的大型国内视频网站。

所以我给你上传优酷了，但是通过审核还需要一点时间

多谢新年精心准备的题材~ 我很喜欢这个视频 新春快乐！
--------------------------------
Speaker
<The First Mark>
They say it's the first brushstroke that defines the masterpiece.
What comes next has its own dynamic.
Its inspiration flows from the the skill and passion of the artist, and it's shaped by his environment.
To bring the life into his ideas, the artist seeks an environment that will come to a change,
that builds on his ability to view things differently,
an environment that encourages him to create something new,
that gives him space to use his talents and change the world for the better.
From this vision, something remarkable is born,
the unique signature of the artist, inspiring others to rethink the way they see the world.
Art can teach us a great deal, about the life, about the work, about ourselves.
Where will you make your first mark?

"Building Global Leaders" - Mckinsey&Company

ieveline

谢谢楼主！

Speaker
about using electronic devices on the airplane
all the electronic devices, inlcuding portable ones should be power off.
Or the emissions from these electronic devices will intefere the communication or nagivation of plane
Speed
1--01:49
Medical information in WIKI is often out of data, misleading people.
Students in med-school are working on the correcting or updating the data
2--01:32
People in US now can use cable id to watch Superbowl online.
But it can only be done on computer or ipad.
there is not android app to oneline watching and 5 dollars a month need to be paid if someone want to watch the game on the phone
3--01:45
The commercial of online version is different from one of telecase.
The reason could be the price for online commerical is too high, or the influence is underestimate.
Maybe in some future, audience will mirgrate to online from telecast.
4--01:52
The Google search shows parents in US care about their son's brain more than appearance.
And they care about their daughter's apparence more than brain.
5--01:49
The reason is people still think apparence and weight matters more for women than for men.
And marriage affect women's lives more than to men's.
But in reality, women outnumber men in college campuses.
Obstacle--05:01
Not quite understand.
Main words seems are federal exchanges, subsides.

AceJ

第一次第二天才来还有首页，大家新年快乐哈~
Thx，Penny，看到你的名字我总是会想起生活大爆炸里的 " Penny, Penny, Penny..."

Speaker
Using Electronics on Airplanes

Speed
Medical Students are Fixing Wikipedia Entries
Time2: 2'07" People often go to search "pain in side", so medical students are fixing the accuracy of medical information in Wikipedia

How to Watch the Super Bowl Online, and Why You Won't See the Same Commercials
Time3: 1'36" the network is looking at this “free preview” as a chance to showcase its live-streaming service, in hopes that people will be enticed to subscribe for future online sports broadcasts
Time4: 2'22" When you watch the Super Bowl on your mobile device, commercials you see are different from ones that appear on TV

Parents Ask Google if Their Sons Are Geniuses and if Their Daughters Are Fat
Time5: 2'50" the different concerns that parents bring to Google when it comes to sons and daughters
Time6: 2'07" Plenty of parents are actively worried about how well the children they're raising will do when released from the nest into the real world

Obstacle
Four words in the ACA could spell its doom
Time7: 6'10"
Scott and some kindred spirits are defending ACA, because under the ACA, insurance companies cannot refuse coverage

感觉越障没很理解里面的逻辑，估计是对Obamacare的背景和美国的一些环境不了解

啦啦噜啦啦

还有没有首页？

[2:23]
->When people get a pain, they turn to google it. Usually, the result is that they get a cancer. However, there are mistakes at W.
->There is no university organizations that try to correct mistakes online. Therefore, a student is trying to do that.
->Unlike other areas, medical professors don't always go online tus, misktakes cannot ba corrected.

[4:29]
->People can watch the Super Bowl for free on mobile computers but not on phones.
->However, people will watch different ads online and on YV.
->But they haven't began to sell their ads since businessmen are not sure how many people will use mobile tools to watch it.

[4：34]
-> Internet is a place where people dare to ask questions that they are afraid to ask in reality.
-> A research about the Internet shows that parents still treat sex unequally. While parents are way more likely asking questions that if their daughters are overweighted than son. Also, parents are much more likely to ask if their sons are genius than daughters.
-> It is true that looks are more important to girls than boys in reality. However, still girl should be treated equally.
[7:08]