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标题: 【Native Speaker每日综合训练—44系列】【44-10】科技 Going to Space [打印本页]
作者: 伊蔓达 时间: 2014-11-10 23:37
标题: 【Native Speaker每日综合训练—44系列】【44-10】科技 Going to Space
内容：伊蔓达 编辑：伊蔓达
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去太空是人类的梦想，今天的话题就是讲这个哒！另外本期的Obstacle附件中有配套的音频提供，有兴趣的可以下载随意听~
Please enjoy and have fun ~
Part I: Speaker
Comet Reeks of Cat Crap and Rotten Eggs
November 3, 2014 |By Lee Billings
What smells like rotten eggs, a used litter box and an almond-munching mortician? The answer is one of those dirty snowballs in space, a comet. Comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko, to be exact, which is starting to thaw as it closes in on the sun.
Since August, the European Space Agency’s Rosetta spacecraft has been monitoring the comet. Right now, Churyumov-Gerasimenko is between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, some 300 million miles from Earth. It’s so chilly out there that scientists expected Rosetta’s instruments to detect scarcely more than odorless carbon dioxide from the comet.
But instead Rosetta has also detected hydrogen sulphide—with its rotten egg odor—as well as ammonia, with a smell familiar to anyone who has changed a cat pan. Also in the mix: formaldehyde and methanol, found in embalming fluid, mixed with faint traces of poisonous hydrogen cyanide, which has an almond-like aroma.
Rosetta will deploy a probe to land on the comet this November, and will soon gather more pungent whiffs of the comet’s appalling perfume. But by studying this eau de comet, researchers hope to better understand the deep—and apparently smelly—chemical origins of our solar system.
Source: Scientific America
http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/comet-reeks-of-cat-crap-and-rotten-eggs/
[attach]152093[/attach]
作者: 伊蔓达 时间: 2014-11-10 23:37
Part II: Speed
[attach]152094[/attach]
Can Space Tourism Companies Keep Their Customers Safe and Healthy?
Areovereager space tourists endangering their health?
Mar 1, 2014 |By Katherine Harmon Courage
[Time 2]
Keeping people healthy in space has been a major challenge since the first days of spaceflight. That is partly why NASA has always favored the crème de la healthy crème of human specimens for its missions. Now, however, the burgeoning business of commercial spaceflight is poised to open the galaxy's doors to a much larger—and unhealthier—pool of passengers. If private spaceflight companies keep their promise to allow people of average health to fly, space tourism could become a $1.3-billion industry with more than 25,000 customers by2021, according to consulting firm Futron Corporation. Virgin Galactic has already booked at least 680 reservations for a two-and-a-half-hour-long trip, with about four minutes spent in what is technically “space”—just more than 100kilometers above Earth's surface. And a Russian company called Orbital Technologies hopes to build a space hotel equipped for five-day stays at more than 320 kilometers above the highest suite on Earth.
Fewer than a dozen paying customers have made the journey into space so far. We can guess at the kinds of medical problems new waves of space tourists may encounter, however, by examining the experiences of professional astronauts between the 1960s and today. Major health issues for these explorers have included weakened bones and muscles, poor vision, nausea and insomnia. In addition to all these risks, untrained tourists will almost certainly face a wider array of “health problems that you haven't had to deal with in space before,” says Jeffrey Jones, a member of the Center for Space Medicine at Baylor College. Even a brief sojourn into space could present serious health concerns for the elderly and those with high blood pressure because of the enormous compression the body endures during takeoff and reentry. Longer voyages will likely aggravate many common medical disorders—including asthma, heart disease and cancer—that would usually disqualify someone from a NASA flight.
Currently there are no federal or state regulations that determine who is eligible for commercial spaceflight, so companies are free to set their own no-fly standards. A Virgin Galactic spokesperson says “most people” will be allowed to fly with them. Some doctors have begun drawing up screening guidelines for those who hope to vacation among the stars; others are considering how to modify a few Earth-bound medical procedures so that, if necessary, they can be applied in space.
[390 words]
[Time 3]
New Pressure
The issues to be tackled are formidable. In the past half a century, researchers have learned that space travel changes just about every system in the human body. Launch and reentry place people under strong gravitational forces (g-forces), a measure of the stress to which the body is subjected during acceleration. High g-forces make the heart work extra hard to circulate blood, especially to the brain (which is one reason high g-forces can cause people to lose consciousness). Some commercial spaceflight companies have offered to help customers prepare for the intense strain by whipping them around in a giant centrifuge machine, but the training is not mandatory.
Orbiting Earth in free-fall at, say, 28,000 kilometers per hour and about400 kilometers above the planet's surface—as is the case for the International Space Station—creates a state of weightlessness. On Earth, gravity keeps the bulk of our fluids in our lower half. When we are weightless, fluids spread out more evenly, draining from the legs and filling up the chest and head. In the process, fluid disperses through the inner ear tubes that help us keep our balance, resulting in nausea, which—even more than pain—is notoriously difficult to ignore and, if followed by vomiting, can lead to severe dehydration. Despite learning techniques to tolerate nausea, professional astronauts often feel queasy during the first days of a flight, so we can expect plenty of sick-to-their-stomach civilians.
Increased fluid in the head is also responsible for one of the most frequent complaints among astronauts after the all too common “space sickness”: poor eyesight. All of that excess cranial pressure can flatten the back of the eyeball and thus blur vision.
[282 words]
[Time 4]
In addition to shifting fluids, prolonged weightlessness weakens the skeleton. Because astronauts are no longer walking or performing other weight-bearing activities, bone loses between 1 and 2 percent of its mineral density each month in space, says Jeffery Sutton, director of the National Space Biomedical Research Institute. As an added danger, calcium that leaches from bone can contribute to kidney stones—nuggets of minerals that can painfully obstruct the urinary tract.
Muscles also deteriorate in microgravity because they no longer have to work to support the body throughout the day. Although exercise in space can help slow such decay, fluid redistribution becomes a problem once again. Unusually high levels of lactic acid—which is responsible for cramps and aches during a workout—pool in the muscles of space exercisers, cutting their routines short.
Particularly concerning is how space alters the body's hardest-working muscle: the heart. Marlene Grenon of the University of California, San Francisco, and her colleagues have discovered that after just 24 hours in a simulated microgravity environment, the cells that line blood vessels change shape, adhere in different ways and use a different mix of genes than usual.
Space travel takes its toll on the mind as well as the body. Getting a good night's rest in microgravity can be difficult because of persistent lights and sounds on a spacecraft and the eerie feeling of weightlessness. In several grounded simulations of long-term space travel, astronauts living in close quarters occasionally became depressed and foggy. Considering how aggravated airline passengers can get after a flight across the Atlantic, sending a group of space tourists on a seven-month trip to Mars, as the Mars One organization wants to do, might be asking for mutiny.
[284 words]
[Time 5]
Galaxy of Woes
Space tourists of average and poor health are bound to face a whole host of medical concerns on top of what even a NASA Adonis must worry about. Most commercial spaceflight customers are likely to be at least middle-aged, which means many will have high blood pressure and heart disease, common disorders for their age range.
Fluid redistribution is particularly dangerous for people with heart disease. As fluids move to the chest and head, rising pressure in the skull bumps up the risk of bursting blood vessels and damaging brain tissue. Similarly, increasing pressure inside the lungs from extra fluid can trigger an asthma attack—a sudden and acute constriction of the airways.
Even motion sickness could be extra dangerous to people with existing cardiovascular disorders. The dehydration, panting and racing blood pressure that come with excessive use of the barf bag, Jones points out, tire the cardiovascular system, which, if already weakened, could culminate in a heart attack. Some scientists have begun studying the heart in rats that are half-suspended (often by their tail), which somewhat mimics the fluid redistribution that happens in microgravity. So far they have learned that after a month—even in this experimental environment—the animals' heart muscle itself changes, becoming larger and less efficient; similar cardiac deconditioning has been reported in human astronauts.
Like microgravity, another one of the greatest dangers to space tourists is something they cannot see with their own eyes: radiation. Giant magnetic fields surrounding Earth deflect electromagnetic energy emanating from stars and black holes that would otherwise incinerate us. Once you leave Earth's magnetosphere behind, you are exposed to all that energy, which shreds DNA and can cause mutations that make a healthy cell start multiplying uncontrollably, leading to cancer.
Supremely healthy astronauts can spend hundreds of days in space without terribly increasing their rates of cancer. But if Mars One is serious about setting up colonies on the Red Planet, it will have to protect its passengers from radiation on the voyage—as well as at the atmosphere less destination. And skittering particles and electromagnetic waves could unfavorably tip the scales for anyone with a genetic predisposition to cancer.
[362 words]
[Time 6]
Final Frontier Medicine
Pinpointing who is vulnerable to illness in space is still not enough to guarantee the well-being of space travelers. We must also learn how to adapt medical procedures we have perfected on Earth.
Dorit Donoviel, deputy chief scientist at the National Space Biomedical Research Institute, and her colleagues are exploring easy, noninvasive techniques as alternatives to standard medical practice in space. Traditionally doctors check for a change in brain pressure by sticking a needle into the spinal column or directly into the skull—a procedure that might not fly in space, especially without an attending physician. Instead Donoviel has been trying to gauge changes in internal pressure by recording how sound waves travel through the eye sockets and ear canals. And infrared light, which is absorbed and refracted differently by healthy and injured tissue, might be able to identify internal bleeding. Portable diagnostic devices based on infrared or ultrasound signals would be far more likely to make it to space than the bulky and heavy machines used for MRIs and CT scans.
In the meantime, a report published in 2012 in BMJ recommends that primary care clinicians start getting ready to evaluate patients who want to try commercial spaceflight. Conditions such as heart disease, uncontrolled asthma or high blood pressure should merit a warning and explanation of risks from a physician. Researchers are also devising simple ways to get hopeful tourists as healthy as possible before they ever set foot onboard a spacecraft. Low-tech solutions such as making sure people are well nourished and properly hydrated in the weeks before launch might go a fair way toward ensuring an emergency-free flight.
Virgin Galactic says it will offer customers three days of training that will include “physical tests” and “a medical screening” but is not disclosing the precise criteria used to approve tourists for flight, if any. For now the onus falls mainly on tourists and their doctors to take precautions. As a consolation to anyone who must stay grounded, just remember: there's so much to discover on our planet. I hear Iceland is out of this world.
[350 words]
Source: Scientific American
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/can-space-tourism-companies-keep-customers-safe-healthy/
作者: 伊蔓达 时间: 2014-11-10 23:40
Part III: Obstacle
Actually, it is rocket science
Two accidents, even though one was fatal, should not stop private enterprise from going into space
Nov 8th 2014 |From the Print edition
SPACE flight is difficult. It is also dangerous. Eighteen astronauts and cosmonauts have died in flights organised by the American and Soviet space programmes—and three others were killed in a fire during a rehearsal on the ground. Numerous unmanned rockets have gone wrong as well. Last week the lesson was hammered home again, on two separate occasions.
On October 28th an uncrewed Antares rocket operated by Orbital Sciences, acompany contracted by NASA to fly supplies to the International Space Station(ISS), blew itself up shortly after launching from a pad in Virginia. The explosion rattled windows in a town 11km (7 miles) away, but, fortunately, there were no casualties.
Three days later VSS Enterprise, a space plane owned by Virgin Galactic, a firm that hopes to provide wealthy thrill-seekers with flights to the edge of space, crashed during a test flight over the Mojave desert (see picture). This time, the toll was higher: one pilot was killed; the other survived but was badly hurt.
Crashes and explosions are not uncommon, especially with new rockets. The accidents were unrelated. That both happened in the same week is nothing more than an unfortunate coincidence. But it is, nevertheless, an unwelcome blow for enthusiasts of the “New Space” industry, which aims to use private companies and the discipline of fixed-price contracts to cut the cost of getting into space.
With investigators still sifting through the wreckage and analyzing flight logs, it is too early to say what caused either crash. But Orbital Sciences has indicated that the fault may lie with the engines on its Antares rockets. They are half a century old, having been built in the Soviet Union in the 1960s for use with the N1, an enormous rocket that itself suffered four failures, including one launch-pad explosion, before being abandoned. After the end of the cold war, a cache of the engines was discovered sitting in a warehouse. Two such engines, after refurbishment in America, are bolted to the bottom of every one of Orbital Science’s Antares rockets. The firm had been planning to fit more modern Russian engines to future versions. It is now likely to make the switch sooner.
Ad astra per aspera
As for Virgin Galactic, armchair crash investigators had, to the annoyance of Sir Richard Branson, the firm’s billionaire owner, also talked up the possibility of an engine failure, especially since the firm had recently altered the fuel mix burned by the space plane’s rocket. But officials from America’s National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), which is investigating the crash, announced on November 2nd that they had found the fuel containers and the rocket intact.
The leading theory now is that the space plane broke apart under aerodynamic stress. Virgin’s craft can fly in two configurations: alow-drag arrangement when climbing into space, and a high-drag one used to lose speed while descending. According to the NTSB, the high-drag mode seems to have been engaged while the engine was still firing. If that is correct, then the resulting forces could have caused the craft to break up.
Orbital Sciences’s accident is embarrassing, but unlikely to harm it too much. The firm, which was founded in 1982, has only a toe in the New Space industry. Besides the Antares, it makes small satellites, launches a variety of other rockets, and has contracts with the American armed forces.
If anything, the accident is more embarrassing for NASA, which relies on the private sector for launches more heavily than it did in its glory days—often in the face of complaints in Congress. It has a $1.9 billion contract with Orbital to provide eight resupply trips to the ISS (the failed launch was to have been the third). But any congressional complaints are likely to be minimal. Partly, that is because, as a big, established firm, Orbital has friends on Capitol Hill. And partly it is because the accident will not seriously inconvenience the astronauts aboard the station.
Even if the investigation unearths a fundamental problem with Antares’s design, NASA has a similar contract with SpaceX, an upstart rocketry firm founded by Elon Musk, an internet tycoon. SpaceX has already completed four missions out of a planned 12. The next is scheduled to launch in December. Ironically, Orbital’s accident may put extra pressure on SpaceX. If its flight should fail too, Congress may reasonably start complaining.
It is for Virgin Galactic that things look trickiest. The firm has no government contracts. It is entirely reliant on investors and ticket sales for cash. Those tickets cost $250,000 each and around 700 people have put down deposits. The firm cannot collect the balance of the money, though, until commercial flights begin. Its programme is already behind schedule. Such flights were once due to start in 2008. Following the change of rocket fuel, Virgin had hoped to begin flying paying passengers next year. That now looks impossible. And the crash must make many ticket holders wonder whether they really want to go. One who has made his views known publicly, Wilson da Silva, an Australian science journalist, still intends to fly. But around 20 others, the firm says, have asked for refunds.
Although Virgin is aiming only to take passengers to the edge of space (defined, somewhat arbitrarily, as beginning at 100km above the Earth’s surface), and not into full-blown orbit, its technology is, in many ways, trickier than the stuff operated by Orbital Sciences. Compared with spaceplanes,conventional rockets are reasonably well understood.
As George Whiteside’s, Virgin Galati’s chief executive, pointed out in an interview that took place before the crash, there have been around 100 space-launch vehicles in history, but only a handful of rocket planes, of which only two (the Space Shuttle and the X-15) have flown in space with anyone on board. New technology is always tricky to master; new rocket technology can be some of the trickiest of all.
[1008 words]
Source: The Economist
http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21630960-two-accidents-even-though-one-was-fatal-should-not-stop-private-enterprise
[attach]152100[/attach]
作者: conglomerator 时间: 2014-11-11 11:28
Time 2: 2:30
Commercial space travel is a burgeoning business, if people of ordinary health can take the trip. The travelers may face health issues More than the known ones. No national health standard has been established yet. Each company is free to have its own standard. Doctors are working to generate the screening guidelines.
Time 3: 1:41
Space travel changes every organism of human body, because of strong gravitational forces caused by acceleration and weightlessness because of lose gravitation.
Time 4: 1:43
Other health concerns are named, including weakening skeleton, muscle deterioration, damage to heart and mind.
Time 5: 1:48
Ordinary people who wanted to do space travel are normally at mid age. High blood pressure and heart disease are common to their ages. Fluid redistribution is dangerous for people with the two kinds of disorders. Besides, there is a great risk of getting cancer because of radiation.
Time 6: 1:46
A new method of physical examination to adapt at space traveling has been devised. People with certain disease may be warned by their physicians with some details and methods of preparation have been developed. A space travel company provides a 3-day training before taking off, but no details are exposed. The author suggests that we’d better stay on our planet.
Obstacle: 5:27
Space travel is dangerous. Two incidents happened recently proves it. Investigation about the incidents is still underway, but possible causes are identified. One of the incidents is bad for the company which launched the craft and for NASA too, which has contracts with the company and another similar company. The other incident is different or probably worse for the company which launched the spaceplane. The company has no contracts with NASA but civilians and it can not get the cash, until it deliver civilian space travel as promised. More details are given about this company.
作者: soun0218 时间: 2014-11-11 13:09
T2: 2:48(390)
T3: 2:06(282)
T4: 2:19(284)
T5: 3:07(362)
T6: 2:30(350)
O1: 8:14(1008)
作者: seraph797979 时间: 2014-11-11 14:05
伊蔓达 发表于 2014-11-10 23:37 
Part II: Speed
2,2'39
3,2'07
4,2'08
5,2'52
6,2‘53
作者: 古月小破烂 时间: 2014-11-11 15:16
time 2 2’14
if private spaceflight companies can promise people of health to fly, they will get a lot of customers. people try to deal with health things.
time 3 1’10
time 4 1’15
time 5 2’01
time 6 2’11
obstacle 4’20
some accident happen during space travel. The leading theory now is that the space plane broke apart under aerodynamic stress. Investigation unearths a fundamental problem, and need more improve. should point out pointed out in an interview that took place before the crash
作者: 玉溪山 时间: 2014-11-11 22:22
2'48''
2'27''
2'13''
2'50''
2'30''
6''20''
作者: gigizhulove 时间: 2014-11-12 12:11
[Time 2]
The commercial space travel has been allowed, so that common people can take the aircrafts to the out space, but the most important things are with the current medical condition, a lot of health problems need to be considered.
[Time 3] - [Time 4]
New Pressure
1. Space travel makes human blood circulation harder more difficult under strong gravitational forces.
2. Lacking of the gravity in space, trained astronauts also feel sick. There are several kinds of symptoms caused by lacking gravity be discussed in this paragraph.
3. Poor eyesight among astronauts is kind of “space sickness” caused by the increased fluid in head
4. Losing mineral density of the skeleton is another serious problem that the astronauts meet in the weightless condition.
5. To slow the deterioration of the muscles in weightlessness, astronauts always need to do the exercises, but new problem is accumulation of lactic acid in muscles.
6. Getting a good night's rest in microgravity is difficult. Getting a space travel is a tough journey.
[Time 5]
Galaxy of Woes
4:02
Most of the customers of space travel tend to be at least middle-aged people having poor health condition. How to guarantee them have a good trip without potential harm is a problem needed to be solve urgently.
Fluid redistribution is dangerous for people with heart disease. Weightlessness raises the pressure in skull, therefore, raises the risk of heart disease.
Beside the visible harm, some invisible energies around us such as radiation would incinerate us , leading to cancer.
[Time 6]
Final Frontier Medicine
4:10
Some scientists are researching on lowering blood pressure in head, and the results of this technology will be used in space travel in the future. Meanwhile, some medical services, including testing traveler’s health condition and training them adapt to the environment of OutSpace, are being provided by some clinics.
obstacle
9：00
作者: 越狱LV 时间: 2014-11-12 17:46
Speaker
Rosetta has detected the sulphide as well as ammonia. It will deploy a probe to land on the comic to help the researchers better understand the chemical origins of our polar system.
2. 02:38.50
Some countries are developing their business in the space. But it will bring some healthy problems to those untrained customers. The companies have begun to draw up guidelines and healthy procedures.
3. 03:26.04
Launch and reentry into the people will bring people under strong g-forces, which could make the heart work hard to circulate blood. Increased fluid could bring severe dehydration and lead to poor eyesight.
4. 01:56.96
Besides, prolonged weightlessness weakens the skeleton. Muscles also deteriorate, including the heart. Space travel affects the mind and the body as well. Astronauts find not easy to fall asleep in the night.
5. 02:23.78
Customers with average and poor health should be especially taken care of because the main target customers are at their middle-age, who normally have high blood or heart diseases. It’s dangerous to travel in space. Another problem is radiation in the space, which could lead to cancer.
6. 02:30.88
The doctors are adapting the standard medical procedure to the space travel. People should have physical test and medical check before on-board. Several main diseases have been already evaluated for those who want a spaceflight.
Obstacle 06:40.23
Two spacecrafts crashed in a week, which is an unfortunate coincidence. One spacecraft has old sectors of parts and will be substituted for new technology and new parts. The other has no relation with the government and some people who have booked the tickets for space travel want to refund because of scary of the accidents. New vehicles and new rocket technology are being introduced but are tricky to master.
作者: Euginia 时间: 2014-11-12 23:04
昨天补作业没有找到44-10，今天补上！
Time 2 00:03:19.35 00:03:19.35
Time 3 00:01:32.40 00:04:51.75
Time 4 00:01:44.95 00:06:36.70
Time 5 00:04:17.71 00:10:54.41
Time 6 00:02:04.44 00:12:58.85
Obstacle 00:06:11.70 00:19:10.56
Main idea-The fail of several space flights will not obstacle the on-going commercial flights to the space
Events-two space crafts crashed in two weeks.
Common Background-private commercial ones,without federal funds
Reasons unknown
High investments for its potential return
New rockets on the way
作者: cyndichiang 时间: 2014-11-13 06:59
Speaker
Scientists study on rotten-egg smell,the H2S in order to have better understanding of these deep and smelly chemical's origin in solar system
Obstacle 6'11''
Virgin Galactic,a private rocket firm,failed to launch its space plane.
Investigators find that this accident may be caused by two opposite forces of configuration that break apart the plane
This accident unearthed a embarassing situation of NASA which relies on private funding.
Virgin Galactic's crash makes more impossible ticket holders want to go.
This new rocket tech may be the trikiest one.
作者: HaiqingYU 时间: 2014-11-13 08:33
Thanks for sharing~
02:11->the space voyage is hot;
But it pose the pb of health to people;
No standard for selection
01:41->the redistribution of fluid of body in the weightless environment cause health pb to heart, brain and eyes.
01:47->the weightless environment in space cause pb to bones, heart and mind health.
02:31->Two potential pb linked to the space voyage: microgravity and radation
02:32->To pinpoint the proper candidate to space: NSBRI used no-traditional way to detect the ill issue; the local clinic proposed the similar service.
07：42->Space flight can be dangerous, there are recently two accident. One is caused by old engine.
the recent investigation shows the accident may caused by aerodynamic stress.
while the accident affes little the companies related to government, it pose pb to private space company whose main cash flow comes from space voyage.
作者: MAGGIEHE1993 时间: 2014-11-13 08:56
终于看懂经济学人了。。。。
time2: The burgeoning business of commercial spaceflight is poised to open the galaxy's doors to a much larger and unhealthier pool of
passengers. Many professional astronauts have experienced a lot of health problems after went the space. Currently there are
no federal or state regulations that determine who is eligible for commercial spaceflight, so companies are free to set their
own standards.
time3: The author listed some health problems professional astronauts have suffered after their trip to the space. Fluid in their head
increased when they were in space and this can further lead to loss of consciousness later and severe dehydration.
time4: Staying in the space weakens the skeleton and decreases bone mineral density. Muscles also deteriorate in microgravity because they
no longer have to work to support the body throughout the day. Heart cells would adhere in different ways and use a differemt mix
of genes than usual when placed in space condition. Getting a good night's rest in microgravity can also be difficult.
time5: Passengers who will take the space trip are almost middle-aged and have common disorders for their age range. Fluid redistribution
and motion sickness could be dangerous to passenger with cardiovascular disorders. Also passengers are exposed to space radiation
which would increased their risk of having cancer later.
time6: Space companies must also learn how to adapt medical procedures we have perfected on Earth in otrder to keep passengers safe and
healthy in the space. Researchers are exploring easy and noninvasive techniques as alternatives to standard medical practice in
space. A report recommends that primary care clinicians start getting ready to evaluate patients who want to try commercial
spaceflight.
Obstacle: Space flight is difficult and also dangerous. Two accidents occured earlier these days have warned the public the danger
of space flight. One is an uncrewed Antares rocket operated by Orbital Sciences and the other is a space owned by Virgin
Galactic. The reasons for the two crashes are investigated. OS has indicated that the fault may lie with the engines on its
Antares rockets. As for VG, the leading theory now is that the space plane broke apart under aerodynamic stress. OS's accident
is embarrassing, but it is even more embarrassing for NASA which has contracts with OS and other space companies. As for VG, it
relies primarily on developing personal trips to the space and have cash deposit from people who wish to take a space trip. After
the accident, around 20 people want their deposit back. The technique VG runs is trickier than the stuff operated by OS.
作者: cherry6891 时间: 2014-11-13 12:01
44-10 thanks,yimanda
obstacle
Space flight is difficult since just before two accidents happened. Then author give detailed information about the two accidents. The two are just coincidence, nevertheless, it makes the investor to cut off the budge on space industry. It too hard and too early to tell the problem of flight crash but the leading theory is because of aerodynamic stress. Space X felt more pressure now. The VG is reliance on the investor and tickets sale for cash. After the cash,some of the people asked for refund.
Speaker：
Better and deep understanding of the origin of the solar system by more research of the smelly
Time 2
Space tourism has great market potential since a lot people want to try including the unhealthy passagers and loose government control of space
Time3 4
Commercial spaceflight company provide service to get used the space environment.
The uncomfortable we may meet in spaceflight for example, blur vision,loose muscle,vomiting.
Time5
Most commercial spaceflight customers are mid-aged and likely to have high pressure and other health problem. So the priority for company to take consideration is medical concerns.
Time6
Learn how to adopt the procedure we used in Earth
作者: 嘟嘟的妞妞 时间: 2014-11-13 14:48
time words speed(words/min)
time2 3'23 390 115
time3 2'46 282 102
time4 2'43 284 105
time5 3'0 362 121
time6 2'20 350 150
obstacle7'511008 128
作者: pear09 时间: 2014-11-13 15:21
speaker
Time 2:02:40.60
the flihtspace with people is big problem to NASA,but now someone can build space hotel in the comet.
The problems for traveling in the comet are athmas, heart disease and so on .
Time 3:02:17.78
The gravity of space would result in drain in the legs and other pars of the body.
A company has made a medicine to overcome it ,but it is not populated.
Time 4:02:39.03
change shifting of the fluid. Muscle would deteriorate and the heart would be problem.
Time 5:03:12.62
The problem: heart disease, the cardiovascular system could not stand the attack, we could not see with our eyes.
Time 6:02:55.23
The commercial flihtspace consumer need to take healthy test.the athmas and heart disease and blood pressure must be a warming for them.
Obstacle:07:43.57
作者: TVXQashley 时间: 2014-11-13 16:21
time2 2'03
time3 1'37
time4 1'37
time5 2'05
time6 2'06
obstacle 4'59
14/11/13
作者: shanny 时间: 2014-11-13 23:28
Time 2 2:45
Time 3 2:06
Time 4 2:04
Time 5 2:57
Time 6 2:43
Time 7 7:05
Space flight is dangerous ,and the risk is uncontrollable.
Cause of Orbital’s mistake ,Space X met extra stress.
The new rocket technique may the trickiest.
作者: tantan08 时间: 2014-11-13 23:50
time 2 2:49
time 3 2:20
time 4 2:00
time 5 2:17
time 6 2:42
作者: 旧未来 时间: 2014-11-14 09:03
1 A 02:28
2 A 02:19
3 A 02:15
4 A 02:42
5 A 02:39
6 A 08:59
作者: neverland1021 时间: 2014-11-15 16:25
谢谢伊曼达~
2'21[390 words]
description of the space tourism including space airline and space hotel
some concerns related to health have been raised
1'41[282 words]
the difficulty to the health problem is formidable
1)g-force, heart, blood circulation, especially to the brain
2)blurry eye vision
1'54[284 words]
营养流失, bone loss, in the space
the sports can help to slow the 营养流失
change in the shape of the blood vessel
2'22[362 words]
the harmful results of the space tourism:
1)heart
2)blood vessel
3)eye vision<= radiation from the black hole which may burn our eyes
2'29
some people are limited to the space travel
healthy people may have problems for the space travel, some precautions have been taken to make sure that the space travel is emergency-free
VG offered a three day training for the space travel
6‘19
two space-related accidents happened: 1)one was from NASA, 2)another was from VG
the reason for the VG accident: aerodynamic stress
NASA is more embarrassing: it has the government contract
VG: the main financial funding comes from its customer
one one customer asks to stick to this plan while 20 customers asked for a refund
the technology is tricky
作者: iSummer7 时间: 2014-11-26 21:34
2'48''
2'37''
2'23''
2'56''
2'39''
6''28''
作者: apooolo 时间: 2014-11-27 14:25
2# 390 2'45 141wpm
normal people may have a great opprtunity to go to space in near future. But what about the healthy problems underlying? there will be several healthy problems reffering to experiences.
3# 282 2'25 117wpm
different pressure in space and the accselration. how the pressure changes in space and what will happen to people's body.
4# 284 2'13 126wpm
give some details that how the body will change in space, and the change will make people feel uncomfortbale and unhealthy.
5# 362 2'56 122wpm
some other enjuries that the people may face.
6# 350 2'39 145wpm
medical test or suitable medicine could help the people who want to go to space.
obstacle 1008 8'11 123wpm
some accidents hanppened recently. the story about several companies. how they would become according to their background and situation.
作者: 芒果酱 时间: 2014-11-28 20:30
speed:
time2: 2'55'' Many companies now begin to receive reservations for space trip. However, untrained tourists might encounter many health problem in space. There isn't any laws or regulations concerned with this problem.
time3: 1'47'' The process of launching and orbiting causes different healthy problems on people's body because of the change in blood, although some companies offer trainee for tourists, but it's not mandatory.
time4: 2'03'' Besides problem of blood, space trip causes also problems of bones, heart and muscles, and the sleep in spacecraft can be difficult.
time5: 2'34'' Most of the commercial tourists are of middle-age and therefore have high blood pressure and heart disease, these factors make the space trip more dangerous. What's more, radiation is also an invisible factor that will cause health problem leading to cancer.
time6: 2'29'' People who want to take a commercial space trip can receive examinations, get advice from physicians and improve health level before the space trip.
obstacle:6'05''
作者: wensd1111 时间: 2015-2-1 21:01
1 A 01:56
2 A 01:32
3 A 01:30
4 A 01:51
5 A 01:51
6 A 05:04
作者: SukeyZhou 时间: 2016-7-7 10:35
20160707
【44-10】科技 Going to Space
【Time 2】
Commercial spaceflight is a burgeoning business, but currently there are no government regulations that determine who is eligible for commercial spaceflight.
【Time 3】
When people have a spaceflight, they will meet several physical problems, such as nausea, poor eyesight, even loss of consciousness. And the author talks about these problems detailedly.
【Time 4】
Other adverse effects also appear during the spaceflight: weakening the skeleton, deteriorating the muscles, affecting the heart muscles, and losing sleep.
【Time 5】
Some serious diseases, such as heart disease, cardiovascular disorders, radiation attack, and cancer, may be brought due to spaceflight.
【Time 6】
Unlike traditional machines, portable diagnostic devices based on infrared or ultrasound signals would be likely to make it to space. However, the precise criteria of approving tourists for flight is still strict.
Time 2  00:03:31
Time 3  00:02:27
Time 4  00:02:44
Time 5  00:03:17
Time 6  00:03:07
作者: joannahope 时间: 2016-7-7 18:58
time2 3' 58''
keeping healthy in the space is a challenge for exploiting space company.If they could overcome the problem, they will earn a lot of money.However, even if huge people want to try tour in the galaxy, they will face a lot of preblems such as the common disasters such as insomnia, nausea, and they also need to overcome the side effect. Since the medical condition could provide ample treatment for astrauts, space tour will welcome.
time3 1'41''
the issue is formable because of bad experience of astronaut
.the nausea sick, weighlessness feeling in the flyng process and the common space sickness such as poor eyesight and combustibility are still concerned in the tourism
time 4 4'58''
According to the research of astronauts, several damage will occur in their body after lived in the microgravity environment. Even the trained astronauts suffered from the side effect, how the tourists overcome the deteriorate for body.
time 5 2'52''
two problems in the travel of commercial space company.
1 fluid redistribute . cause heart attack in the microgravity environment
2 radiant. increase the rate of cancer.Mar are better than other planet yet the elecmagnetic is not welcome
作者: estellaofgod 时间: 2016-7-8 08:44
T2: 4'11
T3: 2'56
T4: 2'25
T5: 3'17
T6: 2'39
作者: Mein 时间: 2016-7-8 09:06
Junly8
Time2:01:39.90
Time3:01:34.08
Time4:01:29.80
Time5:01:52.90
Time6:01:32.00
Obstacles：03:32.90
作者: 媚媚猫 时间: 2016-7-8 11:04
2‘07
1’23
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1‘36
4‘20
作者: 南邊的藍葉子蘇 时间: 2016-7-22 22:01
T2 3'47
T3 3'09
T4 2'20
T5 3'31
T6 3'55
T7 16'27
作者: Genskey2015 时间: 2016-7-23 15:47
TIME6 00∶01∶55.37
TIME5 00∶02∶10.12
TIME4 00∶01∶31.91
TIME3 00∶01∶29.18
TIME2 00∶02∶30.29
作者: luckygrace 时间: 2016-8-22 21:28
T2: 2'20"31 390ws
If people travel to the galaxy, there will be an array of problems such as: osthma, insomia or feel dizzy.
T3: 2'18"90 282ws
people will face the force from gravity, some severe phenomenons such as dehydration, lose their
conciousness when face the forces.
T4: 2'54"43 284ws
how people take exercise during the period when travel to the space, and how the gravity affects the
most important muscle——the heart.
T5: 3'40"28 362ws
the fluid redistribution will be affected in the space, which is very likely leading to a cancer. Also, there is
an experiment of mice ,which shows that the mice's heart will be larger and less efficient in the
microgravity.
T6: 2'46"41 350ws
If citizens want to have a spaceflight, well-being is not enough, some protect actions and techniques are
neccessary. Moreover, before decide who can travel to the space, a body test will be taken.
作者: melodyho 时间: 2016-8-23 09:24
2:47
Many people booked for space trip , but there are no health standard for space tourists now. Some scientists believe that untrained people will face various illnesses in the space.
1:54
the environment in space will change many parts in human bodies and cause fluids shifting.
2:00
in addition to affect the fluids in human bodies, the space environment will also affect human muscle, especially the heart. Furthermore, it affect human’s mind.
2:33
human health in space is concerned by NASA, but fluid redistribution may cause serious illness such as heart attack, dehydration. Radiation is also lethal.
2:18
new diagnostic method has been found to be used in the space trip. Body inspection of the booked-trip people has began.
6:50
作者: Aaronxin 时间: 2017-7-17 21:14
T2 03:21.61
T3 02:22.35
T4 02:01.48
作者: 小仙女rachel 时间: 2017-7-17 23:31
T2: 4'05''
T3: 2'38''
作者: 仿若晴空 时间: 2017-8-12 16:47
2:48
2:27
2:13
2:50
2:30
6:20
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