ChaseDream
标题: 【Native Speaker每日综合训练—36系列】【36-04】科技 [打印本页]
作者: cherry6891 时间: 2014-5-5 22:37
标题: 【Native Speaker每日综合训练—36系列】【36-04】科技
Part I: Speaker
Chilly, Chilly, Little Star
Call this story, “A star is stillborn.”
The object is a brown dwarf, which started off the same way that more conventional stars form, but which lacked the mass required for nuclear fusion to ignite and radiate starlight. What resulted was a body somewhere in between a star and a planet.
It was spotted recently by NASA’s WISE and Spitzer space telescopes. And it’s been dubbed WISE J085510.83-071442.5. So let’s not say its name again, okay?
At only about three to 10 times the mass of Jupiter, this WISE guy is small even for a brown dwarf. It’s the fourth-nearest star system, just 7.2 light-years away. And it’s freezing—about as cold as the North Pole. K.L. Luhman, Discovery of a ~250 K Brown Dwarf at 2 pc from the Sun, in Astrophysical Journal Letters]
Temperatures on this body range from a frosty minus 54 to plus 9 degrees Fahrenheit. For comparison, the sun’s surface is a toasty 10,000 Fahrenheit.
Noticing such a cold object in space that radiates almost no light would be impossible with visible-light telescopes. Its dim thermal glow was just barely discernible to the infrared eyes of WISE and Spitzer. And its name ensures mostly continued anonymity.
Source:
http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/cold-brown-dwarf/
[Rephrase 1 1:27]
作者: cherry6891 时间: 2014-5-5 22:37
Part III: Obstacle
[attach]142984[/attach]
A Cambrian moment
ABOUT 540M YEARS ago something amazing happened on planet Earth: life forms began to multiply, leading to what is known as the “Cambrian explosion”. Until then sponges and other simple creatures had the planet largely to themselves, but within a few million years the animal kingdom became much more varied.
This special report will argue that something similar is now happening in the virtual realm: an entrepreneurial explosion. Digital startups are bubbling up in an astonishing variety of services and products, penetrating every nook and cranny of the economy. They are reshaping entire industries and even changing the very notion of the firm. “Software is eating the world,” says Marc Andreessen, a Silicon Valley venture capitalist.
This digital feeding frenzy has given rise to a global movement. Most big cities, from Berlin and London to Singapore and Amman, now have a sizeable startup colony (“ecosystem”). Between them they are home to hundreds of startup schools (“accelerators”) and thousands of co-working spaces where caffeinated folk in their 20s and 30s toil hunched over their laptops. All these ecosystems are highly interconnected, which explains why internet entrepreneurs are a global crowd. Like medieval journeymen, they travel from city to city, laptop not hammer in hand. A few of them spend a semester with “Unreasonable at Sea”, an accelerator on a boat which cruises the world while its passengers code. “Anyone who writes code can become an entrepreneur—anywhere in the world,” says Simon Levene, a venture capitalist in London.
Here we go again, you may think: yet another dotcom bubble that is bound to pop. Indeed, the number of pure software startups may have peaked already. And many new offerings are simply iterations on existing ones. Nobody really needs yet another photo-sharing app, just as nobody needed another site for pet paraphernalia in the first internet boom in the late 1990s. The danger is that once again too much money is being pumped into startups, warns Mr Andreessen, who as co-founder of Netscape saw the bubble from close by: “When things popped last time it took ten years to reset the psychology.” And even without another internet bust, more than 90% of startups will crash and burn.
But this time is also different, in an important way. Today’s entrepreneurial boom is based on more solid foundations than the 1990s internet bubble, which makes it more likely to continue for the foreseeable future. One explanation for the Cambrian explosion of 540m years ago is that at that time the basic building blocks of life had just been perfected, allowing more complex organisms to be assembled more rapidly. Similarly, the basic building blocks for digital services and products—the “technologies of startup production”, in the words of Josh Lerner of Harvard Business School—have become so evolved, cheap and ubiquitous that they can be easily combined and recombined.
Some of these building blocks are snippets of code that can be copied free from the internet, along with easy-to-learn programming frameworks (such as Ruby on Rails). Others are services for finding developers (eLance, oDesk), sharing code (GitHub) and testing usability (UserTesting.com). Yet others are “application programming interfaces” (APIs), digital plugs that are multiplying rapidly (see chart 1). They allow one service to use another, for instance voice calls (Twilio), maps (Google) and payments (PayPal). The most important are “platforms”—services that can host startups’ offerings (Amazon’s cloud computing), distribute them (Apple’s App Store) and market them (Facebook, Twitter). And then there is the internet, the mother of all platforms, which is now fast, universal and wireless.
Startups are best thought of as experiments on top of such platforms, testing what can be automated in business and other walks of life. Some will work out, many will not. Hal Varian, Google’s chief economist, calls this “combinatorial innovation”. In a way, these startups are doing what humans have always done: apply known techniques to new problems. The late Claude Lévi-Strauss, a French anthropologist, described the process as bricolage(tinkering).
Technology has fuelled the entrepreneurial explosion in other ways, too. Many consumers have got used to trying innovative services from firms with strange names (which, unavoidably, will abound in this special report). And thanks to the web, information about how to do a startup has become more accessible and more uniform. Global standards are emerging for all things startup, from programming tools to term sheets for investments, dress code and vocabulary, making it easy for entrepreneurs and developers to move around the world.
Invent yourself a job
Economic and social shifts have provided added momentum for startups. The prolonged economic crisis that began in 2008 has caused many millennials—people born since the early 1980s—to abandon hope of finding a conventional job, so it makes sense for them to strike out on their own or join a startup.
A lot of millennials are not particularly keen on getting a “real” job anyway. According to a recent survey of 12,000 people aged between 18 and 30 in 27 countries, more than two-thirds see opportunities in becoming an entrepreneur. That signals a cultural shift. “Young people see how entrepreneurship is doing great things in other places and want to give it a try,” notes Jonathan Ortmans of the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, which organises an annual Global Entrepreneurship Week.
Lastly, startups are a big part of a new movement back to the city. Young people increasingly turn away from suburbia and move to hip urban districts, which become breeding grounds for new firms. Even Silicon Valley’s centre of gravity is no longer along Highway 101 but in San Francisco south of Market Street.
Describing what sorts of businesses these startups engage in would at best provide a snapshot of a fast-moving target. In essence, software (which is at the heart of these startups) is eating away at the structures established in the analogue age. LinkedIn, a social network, for instance, has fundamentally changed the recruitment business. Airbnb, a website on which private owners offer rooms and flats for short-term rent, is disrupting the hotel industry. And Uber, a service that connects would-be passengers with drivers, is doing the same for the taxi business. [1074]
So instead of outlining what these startups do, this special report will explain how they operate, how they are nurtured in accelerators and other such organisations, how they are financed and how they collaborate with others. It is a story of technological change creating a set of new institutions which governments around the world are increasingly supporting.
Startups run on hype; things are always “awesome” and people “super-excited”. But this world has its dark side as well. Failure can be devastating. Being an entrepreneur often means having no private life, getting little sleep and living on noodles, which may be one reason why few women are interested. More ominously, startups may destroy more jobs than they create, at least in the shorter term.
Yet this report will argue that the world of startups today offers a preview of how large swathes of the economy will be organised tomorrow. The prevailing model will be platforms with small, innovative firms operating on top of them. This pattern is already emerging in such sectors as banking, telecommunications, electricity and even government. As Archimedes, the leading scientist of classical antiquity, once said: “Give me a place to stand on, and I will move the Earth.” [208]
Source:
http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21593580-cheap-and-ubiquitous-building-blocks-digital-products-and-services-have-caused
作者: cherry6891 时间: 2014-5-5 22:37
Part II: Speed
Article2
[attach]142982[/attach]
Exoplanet spin measured for first time
Time2
Astronomers have measured the rotation of an exoplanet for the first time. A day on the planet Beta Pictoris b is roughly eight hours long — shorter than on any planet in our solar system, the researchers report in the May 1Nature.
Beta Pictoris b orbits a young star 63 light-years away in the constellation Pictor. To measure the planet’s rotation, Ignas Snellen, an astronomer at Leiden Observatory in the Netherlands, and colleagues analyzed the planet’s spectrum. The spectrum reveals certain wavelengths of light that are absorbed by carbon monoxide in the planet’s atmosphere. By measuring how much the absorbed wavelengths are Doppler shifted by the rotating atmosphere, the researchers determined how quickly the planet spins.
In our solar system, more massive planets spin faster. Beta Pictoris b, which is about 11 times as massive as Jupiter and roughly 1.65 times as wide, continues that trend, with a spin of 25 kilometers per second. But Snellen’s team expects that the young exoplanet — a mere 21 million years old — will pick up even more speed as it ages. The planet will contract and spin faster, much like figure skaters who pull in their arms to twirl more rapidly. [207]
Source:
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/exoplanet-spin-measured-first-time
Article 3
[attach]142983[/attach]
Viruses buoy life at hydrothermal vents
Time3
In the deep, dark ocean, viruses have won safe harbor through thievery.
With stolen genes that make sulfur-digesting enzymes, viruses provide metabolic backup to bacteria feasting on the sulfur plumes of hydrothermal vents, researchers propose May 1 in Science. In return, the viruses secure a host in the harsh depths of the sea.
Though the oceans are rife with bacteria-infecting viruses, called bacteriophage, researchers know little about the ones that invade sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. These bacteria are key sources of energy for organisms that live in hydrothermal vents. But the bacteria are difficult to study because they don’t grow in labs.
Geomicrobiologist Gregory Dick of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and colleagues spotted the genetic looters in samples from vents in the western Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California. By sequencing DNA in each sample, the team found the genomes of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and 18 types of viruses.
Fifteen of these viruses, the researchers found, had snatched and held onto bacterial genes involved in converting elemental sulfur to sulfite, a necessary step in energy production. By toting these filched metabolism genes, the authors suggest, the viruses bolster the host bacteria’s energy output. [198]
Source:
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/viruses-buoy-life-hydrothermal-vents?mode=topic&context=60
Article 4
The gene patenting decision from a plaintiff’s point of view
Time4
Arupa Ganguly is pleased with the outcome of her day in court. “I’m ecstatic,” she says. “I feel like a tiger that has been released from a cage.”
Ganguly, who directs the Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania’s hospital in Philadelphia, is one of numerous plaintiffs who sued a company calledMyriad Genetics over patents the corporation held on genes that raise breast cancer risks. On Thursday the Supreme Court unanimously decided the case in her favor.
In 1995, Ganguly and Haig Kazazian, now of Johns Hopkins, began offering DNA tests to determine whether women carry faulty copies of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which raise the risk of developing breast cancer. In 1998, Myriad sent the Penn group a letter demanding it cease and desist the testing. Myriad owned the patent on breast cancer genes, the letter said, and nobody else had the right to examine those genes even if they were using methods different from those Myriad uses. In 1999, the group got another more strongly worded letter that Penn’s own patent lawyers urged them to heed. Ganguly and Kazazian stopped their testing.
“I hope no other lab director will ever get a letter like that,” Ganguly says. “It took the ground out from under my feet.”
Myriad’s patent claim meant that doctors could not look for mutations in the breast cancer genes except by ordering the company’s test. They also could not pass along information gleaned by accident when sequencing a person’s entire genome, unless they paid Myriad, says Ada Hamosh, a clinical geneticist at Johns Hopkins University. The company also locked away data on the mutations that strike the breast cancer genes, she says. Doctors need to know that kind of information in order to determine how a mutation is likely to affect a patient’s health. [323]
Time5
In 2008, Ganguly and Kazazian signed on to an American Civil Liberties Union lawsuit against Myriad, and other researchers followed.
This year on April 15, Ganguly hopped an early morning train to Washington and sat in the courtroom as the justices heard the case. “It was pretty clear to me that it would go our way,” she says. She never suspected it would go so far in her favor, though.
In a rare unanimous decision, the Supreme Court ruled June 13 that naturally occurring genes are not eligible for patent protection. The court also said that companies can patent synthetic versions of genes known as cDNAs. That bit of the ruling has researchers, investors and just about everyone else scratching their heads a bit.
In their natural form, genes are composed of DNA, the chemical units of which are designated by the letters A, C, G and T. Some combinations of those letters can produce proteins, which do much of the work inside cells. The strings of letters used to build proteins are arranged along a chromosome in chunks called exons, and interspersed by bits of DNA called introns, which don’t encode proteins. It is as if sheets of nonsense text were stuck between the pages of an instruction manual. Cells copy the entire gene — nonsense text and all — and then discard the extraneous information, stitching the exons into a coherent protein-building blueprint called messenger RNA, or mRNA. Other cellular machinery reads the mRNA and constructs proteins accordingly.
In the laboratory, scientists and technicians can isolate the mRNA and make a DNA copy of that molecule. The result is a cDNA, or complementary DNA. Because cells don’t normally make cDNAs, the court decided that those synthetic molecules are fair game for patenting.
Only Justice Antonin Scalia expressed any doubts about the decision — he agreed that genes can’t be patented but was a little fuzzy on the molecular biology.[329]
time6
It turns out that Scalia was right to express a little skepticism, says Kazazian. Nature makes cDNAs, too. Retroviruses, such as HIV, store their genetic information as RNA and then have to make DNA copies of themselves — for all intents and purposes cDNAs — that will then be inserted into the host’s genome. And the human genome contains more than8,000 natural cDNAs, which are (mostly) now-defunct copies of genes known as processed pseudogenes.
The provision on cDNAs was probably included to appease the biotechnology industry, but it’s not clear how the decision will affect research on these quirky components of the genome or on retroviruses.
Striking down gene patenting opens the way for other companies and researchers like Ganguly to develop a wide variety of tests for breast cancer risks and other diseases. Many of the tests may be cheaper than Myriad’s $3,000 offering.
“Everybody gets to do business now,” says Hamosh. “It’s an open market.”
Meanwhile, Myriad still has protection for the methods it uses to test the genes, and probably gets to retain the database of information it has amassed about mutations.
“Because of that database it could be that Myriad won’t lose much business,” Kazazian says.
Although he is delighted that companies can no longer patent genes, the ruling doesn’t benefit him personally and he has no plans to test breast cancer genes again. “It’s been nearly 15 years. I’m not going to go back and do this.”
Both sides are claiming that the verdict as a victory (even though it is clear the decision breaks Myriad’s hold on the genes). But Ganguly says that people at risk of genetic diseases are the biggest winners because they will have more than one company to turn to for testing. And they may not have long to wait; the afternoon after the ruling came down, a company called GeneDX announced that it would begin BRCA1 and BRCA2 testing later this summer. [349]
Source:
https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/deleted-scenes?mode=topic&context=60
作者: hysteries 时间: 2014-5-5 22:37
哇哈哈哈哈哈终于又沙到发了(´>∀)人(∀ﾟ )ﾉ
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
【Speaker】
A freezing brown dwarf between star and planet which is actually stillborn and has no visible light for observation.
【Speed】
time6 00:01:30.06
time5 00:01:41.19
time4 00:01:32.32
time3 00:01:08.90
time2 00:01:06.80
【Obstacle】
00:06:27.26
作者: wangweiyi5332 时间: 2014-5-5 22:47
Speaker
Recently researchers have discovered a new celestial body whose mass lies between a star and planet .it is small even for a brown dwarf. This small object has a quite freezing surface that radiates almost no light. This phenomenon reflects that the NASA's wise telescope is quite a smart technological equipment.
Timer2 1:14
Astronomers have measured the rotation of an exoplanet for the first time.By measuring how much the absorbed wavelengths are shifted by the rotating atmosphere,the researchers determined how quickly the planet spins.
Timer3 2:22
researchers have found a new type of viruses whose stolen genes helped it live in a host in the deep harsh sea.
Timer4 2:16
A women sued a company who own the patent of the breast cancer gene and banned any use of it ,and the result came to what the women want.
Timer5 2:33
with rare unanimous decision,the Supreme Court ruled that the naturally occurring genes are not eligible for patent protection.
Timer6 2:13
Although Surprume Court ruled that the natural genes are not eligible for patent protection, there are still some suspiction .Beacuse the CDNA exists in nature and also can be synthesised . the success of charge can best benefit the people who suffer breast cancer.
作者: hemodata 时间: 2014-5-5 22:50
赶上！练习完睡觉
Speaker: recently, an objective was spotted by NASA telescopes. This object is between a star and a planet, since the mass of it is too small to generate fusion and its temprature is very low as well.
SSS本身的小结，其中sit是熟词偏意：
A brown dwarf only about three to 10 times Jupiter's mass couldn'tget fusion goingand now sits/ to be situated or located / freezing in space, inthe nearby galactic neighborhood.
作者: 疏离无罪 时间: 2014-5-5 22:51
占~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~·
Speaker: NASA recently discover a stillborn star which is a brown dwarf.It is between a star and a planet.It's is cold and dark.
01:01
Recently a group of astronomers succeeded to measure the rotation of an exoplanet for this first time.Describe their method.In our own solar system,the massive the planet is,the faster it spins.
01:08
The key energy resource in the at hydrothermal vents of deep,dark ocean is from the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria.And the main process of producing energy is helped by viruses.
01:57
A case about the breast cancer gene patent.The company who has the patent banned other researchers to study this gene by any kinds of method.And at this time.these scientists have won the lawsuit.
01:54
The superme court ruled that genes are not eligible for patent protection.But cDNAs can be protected by patent,because it is artifical.However a justice this is fuzzy in biology.
01:39
The justice's idea may be right.Because the nature and human body also make cDNAs.And we still do not know whole of our DNA and cDNAs.How this judgement will affect the gene research in the future is still unknown.But it is no doubt that the market will open and people who have gene disease can benefit from this.
09:30
Main Idea: the entrepreneurial explosation in digital business
Now there is an entrepreneurial explosation.More and more digital start-ups are emerging.Software is reshaping many industries and raise the global movement.Many sizeable startup colonies are built to help start-ups.Anyone who can code now can be an entrepreneur.
Some people may think the current situation is like that of ten years ago.The internet bust will be a risk.However it is different now.Today's boom has a more solid fundation and building blocks:the snippest of free code and easy-to-learn programming framworks,many platforms that can help host and market start-ups.And consumers got used to try innovative services,which is a good market enviornment.Information about how to do a start-up is abundant on th internet.The economic and social enviornment urges people to join or be a start-ups instead of finding a good job.These digital start-ups are changing the strucutre built in old age.
Start-ups run on hype.It can be a advantage and also can be a shortage.The future model may be platforms with small, innovative firms operating on top of them.
作者: xiaofan0205 时间: 2014-5-5 22:57
占位~~~~~~
Speaker:
Recently NASA's WISE and Spitzer space telescopes spotted a brown dwarf, which was a body somewhere in between a star and a planet. It lacked the mass required for nuclear fusion to ignite and radiate starlight, and the temperatures on this body is very low. Such a cold object in space that radiates almost no light would be impossible with visible-light telescopes.
Time2: 1'22"
Astronomers have measured the rotation of an exoplanet for the first time. A day on the planet Beta Pictoris b is roughly eight hours long. By measuring how much the absorbed wavelengths are Doppler shifted by the rotating atmosphere, the researchers determined how quickly the planet spins.
Time3: 1'31"
In the deep, dark ocean, viruses have won safe harbor through thievery. But the bacteria are difficult to study because they don’t grow in labs. The research team spotted the genetic looters in samples from vents in the western Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California, and found the genomes of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and 18 types of viruses.
Time4: 2'10"
Time5: 2'35"
Time6: 2'08"
Ganguly is one of numerous plaintiffs who sued a company called Myriad Genetics over patents the corporation held on genes that raise breast cancer risks. On Thursday the Supreme Court unanimously decided the case in her favor.
In a rare unanimous decision, the Supreme Court ruled June 13 that naturally occurring genes are not eligible for patent protection.
Both sides are claiming that the verdict as a victory, even though it is clear the decision breaks Myriad’s hold on the genes. But Ganguly says that people at risk of genetic diseases are the biggest winners because they will have more than one company to turn to for testing.
作者: cherry6891 时间: 2014-5-5 23:06
Speaker: a dwarf ,which is 3 times of Jupiter,is between a star and a planet. The cold object radiates nothing. But its thermal glow was discernible to the eyes
Obstacle:8’20’’/ 1282
The new starups for now resembles the period of Cambrian moment,but few of them can last long
The difference between the 1999 internet bubble and this internet boom?
The reason why people like to start their business and what will be the result
Because of the economic crisis it is hard for who were born after 1980 to find a job
Time2 1’20’’
Scientists hav measured the rotation of an exoplanet by analyzing the planet’s atmosphere
Time3 1’40’’
Bacteriophage are rife with bacteria-infecting virus. That virus stolen genes that make sulfur-digesting enzymes to back up the bacteria feasting on sulfur stuff
Time4 2’40’’
G sued the company M that own the patent of gene related breast cancer
She got a letter form M that she need to buy the company’s test if she want to look for mutations in the breast cancer genes
Time5 6 4’46’’
In supreme court the court decided that the company can patent synthenic moleculaes --cDNA
Then he explained how genes work in cell and why only cDNA is synthenic
But S rebuted that nature makes cDNA --HIV virus that store information as RNA and make DNA copies by themselves
作者: 菜农人民 时间: 2014-5-5 23:23
一做科技就死···
Time2 1:28
How the astronomers have measured the day of BPb
Time3 1:52
Geomicrobiologists have found that viruses live in a host deep oceans.
Time4 2:40
G won his case about examing the test of DNA which could raise breast cancer risks.
Time5 2:27````
Time6 3:02
Obstacle 7:34
some thing about social network```` T-T
作者: ieveline 时间: 2014-5-5 23:26
谢谢楼主！
Speaker
A brown dwarf was spotted yb NASA' wise and spitzer spece telescope.
This object is ligh, cold.
Even it is tht fourth-nearest stas system. its dim thermal glow was just bearly discernible to the infrared eyes of wise and splitzer.
Speed
1--01:25
Astronomer have mearured the rotation of an expoplaneet.
Measuring how much the absorbed wavelenghts by carbon monoxide in the planet's atomosphere, researchers determined how quickly the planet spins.
Mose massive planets spin fasters.
Planet will contract and spin faster as it ages.
2--01:27
Biruses proved metrboic backup to bacteria feasting on the sulfure plumers of hydorthermal vents.
Researchers know litter about the virus that invade sulfur-oxidziing bacteria, because they don't grow in labs.
Geomicrobiologit found the genomes of sulfur-oxidizing bateria and 18 types of viruses.
15 of them had snatched and held onto bacteria genes involved in converting elemental sulfur to sulfite.
Therefore. the viruses bolster the host bacteria's energy output
3--02:07
Sicentise are harrassed by a gene company when they tried to research mutations in the breast cancer genes.
Doctors need to know the mutations that strike the breast cancer genes to determine how a mutation is likely to afect a patient's health.
4--02:16
G was pretty sure that result would in her favor.
The court ruled that natrually occurring genes are not eligible for patent proection, but the companies can patent cDNA.
cDNA is a DNA copy of mRNa by scientise and technicians.
5--02:00
Nature makes about 8000 cDNA.
So the provision on cDNA was probably included to appease the biotechnology industry.
Striking down gene patenting opens the market to provide tests for breast cancer risks and other diseases.
Obstacle--06:38--07:54
Now is the era for startups as cambrain moment for creatures.
Digital startups are reshaping entire industries and changing the notion of firm.
This digital feeding frezny has given rise to a global movement.
It is not another dotcom bubble, cuz history reset the pyschology, people not longer put too much money into start ups.
And today's entrepreneureial booms is based on more solid fundation, making it more likely to continue for the foreseeable future.
One reason is bacsic building blocks for digital services and products have become so evolved, cheap and ubiquitous that they can be easily combined and recombined.
Worlds gives every kindof plateforms.
Technology has fuelled the entrepreneurial explosion.
Economics and spcial shifts have provided added momentum for startups.
startups are a big part of new movement back to the city
Soferware is eating away at the structures established in the analogue age.
startuos run on hyper.
The world of startups today offers a preview of how large swathes of the conomy will be organised tomorrow.
作者: Shellylh123 时间: 2014-5-6 00:12
想我苦苦熬夜，等着斑竹发文章，
竟然还木有占到沙发~~~
明天加油！！
作者: cherry6891 时间: 2014-5-6 07:38
Shellylh123 发表于 2014-5-6 00:12 
想我苦苦熬夜，等着斑竹发文章，
竟然还木有占到沙发~~~
明天加油！！
关注小分队微博Official Weibo: http://weibo.com/u/3476904471，占座利器
作者: huwanyue123 时间: 2014-5-6 09:17
Day40
Speaker
There is a star so small and so cold, it lacks the ability to ignite and radiate starlight. So it is hard to be noticed.
But, “the star is still born.”
Speed
Time2
Astronomers have measured the rotation of an exoplanet for the first time.
Astronomer measures the planet’s rotation by analyzing the planet’s spectrum.
In our solar system, more massive planets spin faster. But S also found that the young exoplanet would pick up even more speed as it ages.
Time3
In the deep, dark ocean, viruses have won safe harbor through thievery. But the bacteria are difficult to study because they don’t grow in labs.
Time4
G finally won the court at suing a company called MG over patents the corporation held on genes that raise breast cancer risks.
In 1995, G and HK started study the gene that will raise the breast cancer. However, their study is ceased because the M’s patent covers these genes. They can do this unless they paid M
Time5
In 2008, G and K signed on lawsuit against M, the Supreme Court ruled that naturally occurring genes are not eligible for patent protection. But synthetic versions of genes can.
The principle of gene form
Time6
S’s skepticism that Nature makes cDNAs is right. Because of the database, M will not lose market share.
Obstacle
An entrepreneurial explosion happened recently is likely to Cambrian explosion.
This digital feeding frenzy has given rise to a global movement. Over half of young men want to start their own companies.
The rest
Being a entrepreneur is not so easy.Failure can be devastating. Being an entrepreneur often means having no private life, getting little sleep and living on noodles…
1 停止: 00:01:18.384
2 停止: 00:02:02.371
3 停止: 00:01:41.787
4 停止: 00:01:56.528
5 停止: 00:02:03.681
6 停止: 00:08:43.061
7 停止: 00:01:15.120
作者: 醒醒Shine 时间: 2014-5-6 09:25
[Speaker1]
A litthle star is been spotted recently. It is small,cold,and fourth-nearest star system.
[Time 2]
Astronomers have measured the rotation of an exoplanet,Beta Pictoris b, for the first time.
By measuring how much the absorbed wavelengths are Doppler shifted by the rotating atmosphere, the researchers found that it spin as fast as they predicted.
But Snellen’s team expects that the young exoplanet will pick up even more speed as it ages.
[Time 3]
With stolen genes that make sulfur-digesting enzymes, viruses provide metabolic backup to bacteria feasting on the sulfur plumes of hydrothermal vents.
Researchers know litthle about the viruses that invade sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, which are difficult to study because they don't grow in labs.
Geomicrobiologist Gregory Dick and his colleagues sequenced DNA and found the genomes of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and 18 types of viruses and how the viruses convert elemental sulfur to sulfite in energy production.
Words:
metabolic:新陈代谢的
plume：羽毛，搔首弄姿
hydrothermal（热水的） vent：深海热泉
looter：掠夺者
tote：负担，背负
filch：偷
[Time4]
1-Result:The Supreme Court unanimously decided the gene patenting case in Ganguly's favor.
Ganguly sued a company called Myriad Genetics over patents the cor. held on genes that raise breast cancer risks.
2-History:The last suitcase
Then the author described the past cooperation of G, H and Myriad and what they had done before with the lawsuit against Myriad.
[Time5]
In the beginning, the court decided that those synthetic molecules are fair game for patenting.Then the author explained the mechanism that because cells don’t normally make cDNAs, the court decided that those synthetic molecules are fair game for patenting.
However, only one Justice Scalia expressed some doubts, and it turns out nature makes cDNAs, too.
[Time6]
3-Importance in the future:
Striking down gene patenting opens the way for other companies and researchers like Ganguly to develop a wide variety of tests for breast cancer risks and other diseases.
Words:
plaintiff：原告
heed：注意，留心
mutation：突变，变化
retrovirus：逆转录酶病毒（一种致肿瘤病毒）
pseudogene：假遗传因子
verdict：陪审团的裁决，试验发表的决定或意见
[Paraphrase 7]
1-What is "Cambrian explosion".And something similar is now happening in the virtual realm: an entrepreneurial explosion.
2-Danger:Some people think he danger is that once again too much money is being pumped into startups,and even without another internet bust, more than 90% of startups will crash and burn.
3-Opposite:Just like what happend to Cambrian explosion of 540m years ago,the basic building blocks for digital services and products have become so evolved, cheap and ubiquitous that they can be easily combined and recombined.
Then the author gives us examples such as GitHub, Twilio, PayPal, Google and so on.
4-What do Starups do：They apply known techniques to new problems.
1)Technology has fuelled the entrepreneurial explosion in other ways, too.
2)Economic and social shifts have provided added momentum for startups.
3)Startups are a big part of a new movement back to the city.
Conclusion:In essence, software is eating away at the structures established in the analogue age.
5-Added:dark side----Failure can be devastating.
6-Final Conclusion: This pattern is already emerging in such sectors as banking, telecommunications, electricity and even government.
慢慢开始把握着作者写作顺序地去读，很有趣呢! 能够开始写background、opinion、opposite、conclusion的行文思路了。
这次出现频率比较高的单词：metabolic（新陈代谢的）、plaintiff（原告）、gene mutation（基因突变）、heed（注意、留心)、verdict（陪审团的裁决）学习啦！
最后，最后，谢谢CD今天推送的economist这篇文章，感觉是什么书的序，而且正是我自己特别感兴趣的互联网话题！收藏了，谢谢！！
作者: 醒醒Shine 时间: 2014-5-6 09:29
hemodata 发表于 2014-5-5 22:50
赶上！练习完睡觉
Speaker: recently, an objective was spotted by NASA telescopes. This object is bet ...
原来sit还有这个意思！涨姿势了，谢谢LOL
作者: cherry6891 时间: 2014-5-6 09:38
醒醒Shine 发表于 2014-5-6 09:25
[Speaker1]
A litthle star is been spotted recently. It is small,cold,and fourth-nearest star system ...
看到你的obstacle回忆 顿时思路清晰好多 整个逻辑就出来了 哈哈
作者: 栗子公主 时间: 2014-5-6 09:38
Speaker:
a brown dwarf. how is it formed. what the characters of it are. and still it would be anonymous in the universe since it cannot be observed easily.
Speed:
[time 2]2:18 the spin of BP is measured, it has the shortest day in the solar system. the method used to measure. general rules and comparison with J. BP will spin faster in future.
[time 3]1:46 (summary) viruses help bacteria to survive under the deep ocean. (background) it is not easy to observe. (how & who) researchers in UofM got samples from CA and somewhere. (result) they noticed that many viruses found in the sample help on host's energy system.
[time 4]3:20 (result) AG won the lawsuit. (background) AG &HK tested began in 1995, and got notice letters from MG company twice. (info) the patent held by MG protected more than it should do, and hindered doctors to research and analysis.
[time 5]3:13 (action) AG began the lawsuit in 2008. (result) the court gave a clear judgement on which part is protected by patent, and which part is not. (info) why some part of gene can be protected as patent? the principle of gene composition helps to explain that. (exception) a justice is doubt about why some part should be protected.
[time 6]2:56 (situation) the doubt somehow makes sense. (info) cDNA can be naturally made as well. (transition) but the researchers can benefit from the result as far. (result) and wider result is that more patients will be benefit and more companies will begin the research.
Obstacle: 14:00
analogy of human formation and digital wave. comparison of the early digital bubble with this new trend. the similarity and the difference. the characters of software start-up. the reason why many start-up arose in this period. the advantages of start-up. how these software change industries. but startup also has dark side, for organisation, society, and individuals. the future of technology development.
要崩溃了，读obstacle的时候，我妈我娃一直的吵啊吵的，简直要晕了都
作者: 醒醒Shine 时间: 2014-5-6 09:49
cherry6891 发表于 2014-5-6 09:38
看到你的obstacle回忆 顿时思路清晰好多 整个逻辑就出来了 哈哈
哈哈 谢谢 看到你回复 我又重读了一遍 发现又有新体会 对作者行文的探究
好期待下次的文章推荐
就能更好测试一把了 LOL
作者: wangziann 时间: 2014-5-6 10:15
占二环！
作者: TaoRs92 时间: 2014-5-6 11:43
thx~~
time:0:57.49
Scientists can measure the spin of planets.
How do they measure?Specturm.
Future trend--faster when age.
_______________
time:1:09.39
Viruses live inside bateria,also provide benifits for them.
Before--know little about viruses that invade one particular type of bacteria.
Now--study genomes and the step in energy production.
________________
time:1:37.82
Patent case.
The study of gene mutation--women's breast cancer risk.
M company has the patent right and lock many data.Others can not conduct related experiment and get enough data,unless they pay to M.
Now court made the decision that M's patent right should make some changes.
_______________
time:1:40.70
Background of this case.Promote the case--propare--win.
The decision of court--natural DNA can not have patent production,while cDNA can have patent.
The reason why cDNA can have patent.
1 the function and progress gene/DNA/cell work.
2 cells don't normally make cDNA(most time request laboratary effct),so this is fair to make patent.
Opinions--most/no dooubts.one person/litter concern.
______________
time:1:32.68
Doubts are also reasonable--nature makes cDNA as well.Example,HIV.
Result and influence:
1 appease biotech industry.but may not very clear.
2 for the market--open market,everybody can join in.
3 for M company--may not lose a lot.based on its database(not open),it will still have many business.
4 for people at risk for genetic diseases--biggest winner,because they will have many choices(competitors in the marktet) to take tests.
______________
time:6:39.73
Analogy:
1 Cambrian Explosion--species become varies.540m years ago.
2 Now economy face the similar explosion--startups/software eat the world.
Explosion may lead to bubble--
the real case of Internet bubble decades ago.
but the explosion today is different.
(Analogy:
1 Cambrian Explosion has firm bases.basic life lead to varies species explosion.
2 Today's startup explosion has technologies.these provide them energy to live and explode.)
Examples of some successful startups.
Reason:
1 startups become best test places for some economic platforms.
2 technology make startups start easier in today's business environment.
3 economic and social shifts provide chances for startups.
4 Many may not start a real startup now,but two-thirds of people start to think about startups.
5 Startups are big movemnet to go back city.
Examples.Startups may still deal with the same things people already try to sovle,but they do it in a better way or a new way.Government also support for startups.
Some shortcomings of startup explosion.
1 hard life for entreprenuers.busy and exhausted.
2 damage more jobs than they are creating(in short term)
Conclusion--startup explosion has bright future and will do good to the world.
作者: samalagorn 时间: 2014-5-6 13:14
Time2 ：01：00
Time3 ：01：03
Time4 ：01：37
Time5 ：01：57
Time6 ：01：41
Obstacle: 07:02
Starups are changing our lives as well as the existing structres.However, someone argues that these digital starups have more drawbacks than benefits,such as less job opportunities and less private lives.
作者: ffffionabear 时间: 2014-5-6 15:07
__________感恩的分界线~楼猪么么哒~~mua! (*╯3╰) 进击的阅读小分队——————
[speaker]
A star that scientists found near Jupiter is too chill for any creature to live.Its temperature is approximately from -54F to 9F.
[speed]科技神马的真是短板··生词一堆啊·····望天~读得特别慢啊~~要怒做10篇才行啊~~~
1'36
The Beta Pictoris agnes b has the minimum rotation period in the solar system,about 8 hours.And it has the maximum size around the
stars.
2'05
Virus are found in deep ocean,which are provided as food for bacteriophage.However,those mysterious virus are hard to study,because they can't live in the lab.Only their gene can be duplicated.
2'35
The plaintiff won in the court,which means the situation that no one can do any research related to breast cancer unless they paid for it has been broken.If the testing market remains locked,it will blight the observation project of breast cancer gene's mutation that benefit the patients.
1'55
Gene is divided by DNA ,cDNA and RNA,and the difference of theirs permutation and combination make the gene so polybasic.Thus,the patent of gene is inappropriate.
1'50
Now the gene testing become an open market,which will be a feel-good factor to patients with breast cancer.What's more,as the basis of breast cancer still hold in certain company,their profit won't be effected fiercely.
[obstacle]
7'13··看得无比艰难→_→是时候背单词了少年~~
Software is eating the world.In fact,the demand of customers has reach the peak----we don't need a new app anymore,but the software startups flock into the market,and create the economic bloom.What's more,the trendency of those startups indicates the blueprint of some industry,such as real estate,transportation and so on.
作者: ffffionabear 时间: 2014-5-6 15:20
醒醒Shine 发表于 2014-5-6 09:25
[Speaker1]
A litthle star is been spotted recently. It is small,cold,and fourth-nearest star system ...
回忆点赞~~有种“啊~这才是阅读的江湖啊··”的感觉~~
作者: tian767 时间: 2014-5-6 15:27
Speak
A brown dwarf star was found not by the telescopes, but by the infrared eyes of wise and spritzer
T2 0:51
Astronomers begin to measured the rotation of the plant out off the solar system. And compared to the speed of the plant in the solar system.
T3 1:45
In dark ocean, viruses make sulfur-digesting enzymes through thieves.
T4 2:13
AG were sued by the companies testing breast cancer.
T5 2:11
the Supreme Court ruled that naturally occurring genes are not eligible for patent protection and said that companies can patent synthetic versions of genes known as cDNAs.
T6 2:21
The companies and AG Both are claiming that the verdict as a victory
O 4:35
Unlike the 1990’, the internet development has solid basement to surge a “explosion”. Many new blood join into the market, and small, innovative companies will on the top.
作者: lucyzhou 时间: 2014-5-6 16:14
交作业啦！感觉真的挺难的，词汇的问题还不大，关键是看了以后总结不出个啥来，看样子还是要培养培养表达能力。
SPEAKING:
The passage introduced a kind of star that was observed by NASA and Spizter telescope.Because it lack enough of mass, the object is between a star and a planet.The passage also tell us some conditions of this stillborn star.
-------------------------------------
Time 1 1:38
This passage mainly tells us about the way astronomers measure the rotation of the exoplanets.And it gives an example of the way to measure BETA B to explain the method.
-------------------------------------
Time 2 4:13
The passage mainly tells us the way virus live in the deep ocean.It is quite hard for the scientists to do the research,cuz the virus cannot be alive in the lab.
------------------------------------
Time 3 1:48
Two scientists began an experiment about the women breast cancer.But a company named Mayriad stopped the experiment by exclaim its patent of some kind of gene used during the experiment.Then the two scientist sue the company.
-------------------------------------
Time 4 1:49
Two scientists sign on the lawsuit against Myriad and describe their conclusion
-------------------------------------
Time 5 1:55
The winning of the case poen the market for the people who do the research related to the gene.And the passage describe the result of the case.
------------------------------------
OBSTACLE 8:13
The passage mainly about how the technology of computer change the life nowadays.
作者: 静月飘风 时间: 2014-5-6 16:15
2- 1：25
Astronomers measured the rotation of an exoplanet for the first time.
3- 1:19
Researchers find sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in the hydrpthermal vents.
4- 2:15
AG and other plaintiffs sued Myriad Genectics over patents and win the lawsuit.
5- 1:30
Genes can't be patented.
6- 1:55
Obstacle
Main Idea: An entrepreneurial explosion happened recently like Cambrian moment.
This digital feeding frenzy has given rise to a global movement. Today’s entrepreneurial boom is based on more solid foundations than the 1990s internet bubble, which makes it more likely to continue for the foreseeable future.
作者: daisyjin 时间: 2014-5-6 16:37
Speaker: the author introduces the object, which is between the star and the planet. It is not so far from us while it can be extremely gold. In all, the object is anonymity.
2. 1:42
It deals with one planet in our solar system, a planet that the daytime is shorter then the others. The planet is large and is going to compect.
3. 1:49
There are virus living in the deep water, and they are hosted in the bacterias. However, the bacterial is hard to observe because it cannot live in the lab. In conclude, the scientists find that the virus boosters the energy of bacterials.
4. 1:56
The plaintiff argued in the court and win the battle that others are not allowed to use the genes even if they use the different methods to approach.
5. 2:16
The researchers lost the battle that the court argues that the changes such as DAN and RNA cannot be considered to the copy. However, s is opposed to the decision of the court.
6. 1:56
The skeptical from s is considerable. cDNA is large of the amount in the body. While the different method is still available to protect the patent, the origin researchers will not lose much money. However, the biggest beneficial is the patient, who can receive the treatment from mor than one company.
Obstacle:
There is a one period in the history that all things start up with connection. The Cambrian moment is different from the prior one, more sophistic because it have the base of the social construction. Some of the construction is copied from the Internet and the one already exist.
What matters most the platform. And the start up companies illustrate the defining most clearly. The technology helps the starts up a lot, making them known to the world. Lastly, the starts up contribute a lot to the process of global. However, the startups have the bad effect on both the common and private part.
In all, it depends on the platform of the startups. Just like the word saying: give me a place to stand on, and I will move the earth.
作者: 小蘑菇开始打怪 时间: 2014-5-6 16:41
谢谢楼主！~
speaker:
the star is freezing and the temperature is pretty low
the cold object could not radiate light that can be detected by telescopes
time2:
the rotation of an exoplanet is tested by astronomers
they analyzed the planet’s spectrum
the planet will contract and spin faster as the planet gets older
time3:
in the deep, dark ocean, viruses have won safe harbor through thievery
how the viruses save in such though situation, a specific system to transfer sulfur to sulfite, a necessary step in energy production
time4:
M has the patent on breast cancer genes, without the permission of G, nobody can test the gene
however, doctors need to know that kind of information in order to determine how a mutation is likely to affect a patients’s health
time5:
G and K signed to against M for that genes are not eligible for patent protection
the court said that companies can patent synthetic version of genes known as cDNAs
the synthetic process of DNA and gene
time6:
then the court approved the lawsuit of G and K, M is no longer hold the patent on breast cancer genes
M does not see the loss as a failure because he still have the right to hold the database and will not lose much business
a company announced that it would begin the test on breast cancer genes later
time7:
something similar is now happening in the virtual realm: an entrepreneurial explosion
the economy of the world is now connected with each country
today’s entrepreneurial boom is based on more solid foundation than before and will not cause a bubble
some example of the newly startups and these companies do well
technology has fueled the entrepreneurial explosion
some people start to invent their own companies or own jobs
we can see some new companies bring threat to traditional industries
even through startups may destroy more jobs than they create, at least in the shorter term, we need to see the condition in a more long-term stand of view
作者: 铁板神猴 时间: 2014-5-6 17:25
Speaker
Chilly, Chilly, Little Star
Stillborn, lack mass, planet and star,
Small brown dwarf, cold, impossible, name anonymity
Speed
Exoplanet spin measured for first time
Time 2
Rotation of an exoplanet first time, shorter than any planets in the solar system
Spectrum, rotation speed,
Beta is more massive, but the exoplanet will contract and spin faster
Time 3
Viruses keep bacteria alive in deep sea, but those key bacteria for study don’t grow in labs.
Viruses snatched bacterial genes, however they bolster bacteria’s energy output.
The gene patenting decision from a plaintiff’s point of view
Time 4
Ganguly as a plaintiff won a case on protecting patents on genes.
Myriad the company stopped G’s scientific study claiming they own the patent on breast cancer genes.
Time 5
G and her colleagues sued Myriad in 2008 and she strongly believed they would win the case.
Won it in a unanimous decision
Only a justice had doubt that he was a little fuzzy on the molecular biology.
Time 6
The doubt makes sense that there are exceptions like natural cDNA, quirk, retroviruses etc.
It becomes an open market and will reduce the price.
Delighted thought not going to test those genes again
People at risk of genetic diseases are the biggest winner for there are now more companies to turn for testing.
Obstacle
A Cambrian moment
Cambrian explosion, digital entrepreneurs,
Some worry it might be another dotcom bubble.
A difference is that now there is a solid basis for digital entrepreneurs.
Startups are best thought of experiments on top of such platforms.
In other ways, customer services, information, global standards
More millennials are starting to be entrepreneurs, economic crisis, back to city
Software is the core factor, examples of startups, special reports,
Bad effects, devastating failures, no private life, destroy jobs in the shorter term
Small innovative firms
作者: 画画2013 时间: 2014-5-6 18:26
Speaker
Brown dwarf lacked the mass required for nuclear fusion, and a body called WISE makes this result.
The WISE is small enough and freezing, making the radiates almost no light would be impossible with visible-light telescopes.
Time2 1'29
The rotation of planet Beta Pictoris b is shorter than that of any planet in the solar system.
By measuring how much the planet absorbes the wavelengths, the researchers can determine how quickly the planets spin.
The bigger the planet is, the faster the planet spins. And the planet Beta Pictoris b is expected to spin faster in the future.
Time3 1'47
viruses provide metabolic backup to bacteria feasting on the sulfur plumes of hydrothermal vents.
Because the becateria cannot develop in the lab, researchers know little about these becateria. However, GD and his collegues found the genomes of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and 18 types of viruses through sequencing DNA.
Time4 2'18
Ganguly became the plaintiff and won the case in the end.
Ganguly and her collegue began testing the genes, which will raise the risk of breast cancer. However, Myraid sent them some letters to worry them to stop testing because it has the patent on breast cancer genes.
Time5 2'18
Ganguly was sure that she would win the lawsuit with Myraid.
The court said that any company cannot pantent on naturally occuring genes but can patent synthetic versions of genes known as cDNA.
Nobody expressed any doubt about the decision expect AS, he said that genes cannot be patented.
Time6 2'09
To prove the skepticism of AS, Kazazian proved that cDNA can also produced by nature. As a result, everyone can do the bussiness about DNA, and Myraid would not suffer much because it still has the patent on the method which it used for breast cancer.
The biggest winners of the result are patients with genetic diseases, because more companies will go into the field of researching and testing the diseases.
Obstacle 8'53
caffeinated 含咖啡因的
toil 辛苦，苦工，费力的做
paraphernalia 随身用具，全部有关的事物
A special report said that digital startups are reshaping entire industries and even changing the very notion of the firm.
The number of pure software may have peaked already, and the new softwares just make some literations on the existing ones. But this time is different with 1990s internet bubble, because the basic building blocks for digital services and products have been so envolved.
The basic of all the platforms is internet, which develops well and makes the startups works better.
The development of startups has made many young people want to try to become an entrepreneur, because the information about some executives of top companies become visible.
Startups do creat some jobs, but they destory more jobs at the same time, at least in short term.
作者: psychoarya 时间: 2014-5-6 18:40
[speaker]
a new spotted body between a star and a planet is very small and freezing.
Temperature is very low compared with the temperature on the surface of sun.
And the body radiates almost no light.
[speed]
1:06
researchers have measured the rotation of an exoplanet planet for the first time. they analyzed the spectrum of the planet to measure the velocity. In our own solar system, the more massive the planet is, the more quickly it rotated. And the same trend goes in the exo.
1:26
viruses support life in deep and cold ocean by helping bacteria processing sulfur into sulfite.
1:57
A lot of people sued the company who owned the patent on breast cancer genes. Every time when doctors need to use that kind of information they have to pay the company.
2:08
the case is complicated because the justice ruled that the company can patent on synthetic versions of genes.
1:59
since nature makes cDNAs, the company no longer owns the breast cancer genes. And people who are at risks of breast cancer are the winners.
[obstacle]
7:05
Nowadays, the world is filled with start-ups, due to internet. Anyone who can code can start being an entrepreneur. And all these start-ups are interconnected. There are various kinds of companies that provide all kinds of services.
However, nearly 90% of start-ups go bankrupt.
作者: zardl 时间: 2014-5-6 21:30
1: 39
3：00
2：41
3：10
1：48
9：03 科技方面好弱啊。。。晚上再看几遍。。
作者: 盘腿大王 时间: 2014-5-6 21:46
Speaker:
Introduce a star which is stillborn,it is in between a star and a planet.
Time2[1’47]
Reserachers how to determined the speed of the planet spins.
More massive planets spin faster.
Time3[1’41]
In the deep, dark ocean, viruses have won safe harbor through thievery.
The viruses bolster the host bacteria’s energy output.
Time4[2’30]
Time5{2’33}
Time6{2’19}
The experiment of the genetic diagnostic.
作者: 香葱酱 时间: 2014-5-6 21:56
Time 2 01:33
Time 3 01:24
Time 4 01:40
Time 5 02:10
Time 6 01:58
Obstacle 05:27
作者: yigo 时间: 2014-5-6 22:28
5.6
Speaking
a star still born
a dwarf which needed less nuclear fusion was found by NASA
the temperature on the planet is extremely cold from -15 to 90 F.
t2 1:45
exoplantet was found, which is merely 21 million years old. Researchers study the wavelenth when it absorbs the light to determine how fast it spins. It spins 25 km/s. Traditionally, more massive planet spins faster, the same goes this planet.
t3 2:01
scientists have found a bacteria-sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, which is different to study because they do not grow in lab.
t4 1:58
G won the case, which was brought by a company owning a gene test patent.
1995, G started to test gene to find out breast cancer, but the lab received a letter calling them to cease any gene test without their permission, no matter they are using the same or different gene test method.
t5 2:23
2008 G&K has been involved in this lawsuit. and they finally won. The just ruled that the patent is only applicable for cDNA, and not for natuaral mutated DNAs.
cDNA is also named complementary DNA.
t6 2:46
Justice Scalia may be right to express skeptism. cDNA can occure naturally. The author use retroviruses such as HIV as an example.
The rule is a vitory for both parties. Myriad will not lose much of its business because it obtains many important data. And the market for brest cancer gene test is open, and many companies annouced that they would offer such test service soon after the verdict went out.
t7 10:01
cambrian momoment happended six 540 million years ago. Now, the internet has brought us enentrenched explosion.
Unlike the bubble markt in 1990,socia life has been boosted by these start ups.
看最后一篇的时候犯困了~~~
作者: 先森，我累了 时间: 2014-5-6 23:08
宇宙星体、生物 都是我的弱点啊
2:17
3:07
2:30
2:25
2:24
作者: ROLEDAD 时间: 2014-5-6 23:10
[speaker]
A brown dwarf, which was spotted by NASA's WISE, lacked the mass required nuclear fusion to ignite and radiate starlight, resulting in much lower temperature, and a body between a star and a planet.
[speed]
Time2: 1'33''
Beta Pictoirs B, whose spectrum reveals certain wavelengths of light that are absorbed by carbon monoxide in the planet’s atmosphere, has a shorter rotation, but it will contract and spin faster.
Time3: 1'10''
Recent research found that viruses won safe harbor in the deep, dark ocean, and bolstered the host bacteria’s energy output, although it is difficult to study the viruses because they do not grow in labs.
Time4: 2'29''
Ganguly and Haig Kazazian offeref DNA tests to determine that woman carry faulty copies of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. However, Myriad’s patent claim meant that doctors could not look for mutations in the breast cancer genes except by ordering the company’s test.
Time5: 1'40''
Ganguly and Kazazian were against Myriad, and other researchers followed, Besides, Justice Antonin Scalia expressed any doubts about the decision — he agreed that genes can’t be patented but was a little fuzzy on the molecular biology.
Time6: 2'05''
Both sides are claiming that the verdict as a victory, but Ganguly says that people at risk of genetic diseases are the biggest winners because they will have more than one company to turn to for testing.
[obstacle] 6'12''
Software is eating away at the structures established in the analogue age which explained by a report that the world of startups today offers a preview of how large swathes of the economy will be organised tomorrow.
今天心情很糟，效率很低，所以训练效果估计为零了，sigh……
作者: Shellylh123 时间: 2014-5-6 23:34
cherry6891 发表于 2014-5-6 07:38
关注小分队微博Official Weibo: http://weibo.com/u/3476904471，占座利器
哈哈
十分感谢~~~
作者: flyzhangzwl 时间: 2014-5-6 23:35
赶在十二点之前打卡
【Speed】
time2 00:02:02
time3 00:01:48
time4 00:01:55
time5 time6 00:05:02
【Obstacle】
00:10:03
introduction: what is cambrian explosion. this trend is now happenning in the virtual world.
reason:1 software.
doubt: there already exist many software companies.
explanations: time is different cheap,evolved products can be easily combined and recombined
2 technology
3 economic and social shifts
4 a new movement back to city
bad effect: failure of startups is devastating
作者: lilacrabbit 时间: 2014-5-7 08:11
辛苦楼主
掌管 6 07:20.4 15:35.1
掌管 5 01:49.9 08:14.7
掌管 4 01:24.8 06:24.9
掌管 3 02:08.4 05:00.1
掌管 2 01:27.8 02:51.6
掌管 1 01:23.8 01:23.8
作者: Yvonne52585 时间: 2014-5-7 08:33
Speaker
Time 2 1:08
People measure how quickly the planet spins
Time 3 1:13
The bacteria mentioned in the paragraph are difficult to study because they don’t grow in labs, but one group have found the secret of the bacteria.
Time 4 1:25
Some doctors have patented for their research for breast cancer and others can not do research on this topic freely. This is for a better test result.
Patent 专利
Time 5 1:40
Naturally occurring genes may be not eligible for patent protection.
Time 6 1:45
The market of researching breast cancer is an open one, but the protection of the patent still serves a lot.
Obstacle 5:15
Introduction of an entrepreneurial explosion and this is a world of software.
作者: jokerking 时间: 2014-5-7 10:30
spk : a brown dwarf lack mass required to ignite and radiate starlight so it is an anonymity body between star and planet.
spd : 0.59 scientists have measured the rotation velocity of a massive exoplanet by measuring it's CO absorption shift.
1.16 scientists proved that viruses invade sulfur-oxidizing bacteria is the trully energy producer in hydrothermal vents.
1.40 G sued M company of genome patent. M ceased and desisted the cancer genes mutation testing.
1.41 court unanimous passed that naturally occurring genes are not eligible for patent protection.
1.50 Striking down gene patenting opens the way for other companies, the real winner is patients.
OB : 8.20
virtual realm getting into a Cambrian explosion age.-- startups in big city have been created a internet ecosystem.--some reviewers think this like the bubble pop happend in 1990. but this reform have a more solid basic.-- internet make information easy to copy and combine, technology make young people easy to creat a new job.-- the main trend is the youth will try to be entrepreneurs .-- the tech change create a new economic structure. --it is true too many startups will destory more jobs than they create,but this explosion give a picture of future.
作者: 阿瓜0826 时间: 2014-5-7 11:32
谢谢Cherry！
Speaker(大概听了7遍才明白说了啥
）
A brown dwarf, lacking mass to radiate light and having a body between planet and star, has been spotted by NASA. It is the 4th nearst star system to the earth, and as freezing as North Pole. Because of its low temperature and dim light, it is nearly impossible to observe this dwarf by light telescope.
Speed
01:11
01:31
01:45
02:07
02:18
Obstacles 10:36
Similar to Cambrain Explosion, there is an Entrepreneurial Explosion in virtual world. Today digital start-ups have penetrated everywhere in this world.
Many people travel from one city to another with their laptops in hand. As long as you can code, you can be a entrepreneur.
You may say that this bubble is bound to pop, because there have been adequate apps around us. Too much money is invested in start-ups, though 90% of them are doomed to fail even without a digital bust.
But this explosion is sort of different, because the building blocks of this prosperity have been much more evolved, accessible and cheap so that they can be combined and recombined by various companies.
The building blocks include some unique codes,and $#%%(can't remember).The most important ones are those serving as platforms for presenting, distributing and marketing what those digital start-ups are able to offer.Also, the mother of digital booming, the internet has been well-developed in its wireless service.
Technology has made guiding information of entrepreneurship accessible to more people.
Economic recession has disappointed many people's confidence in finding a job, so they turn to create their own companies.
The digital start-ups have been involved in many industries, such as hotel industry.
We write this report because such trend can predict the future model: many small,innovative start-ups active in platforms.
作者: alan112211 时间: 2014-5-7 13:30
part two:
the astronomers measure the rotation of an exoplanet for the first
time. It is slower than any planet in out solar system.
How they measure the rotation of the exoplanet--by spectrunm,
absorb... infer the spin rate.
In our solar system,the more massive are planets, the faster they
rotate. The young planet is bigger than Jupiter but rotate slower. The
astronomers suspect that the young planet will be faster when aged
since the mass will contract when spin fast.
part three:
Mainly, the passage talk about virus which can translate sulfur into
energy backup the life in the deepocean. But it is difficult to study
this virus because it cannot grow in the lab.
part three three:
Virus stolen the enzyme which can produce the energy through sulfur
and then secure their host in the special circumanstance.The life in
the deep ocean is rife with virus. Researcher finds that there are
many type of virus in the life of deep ocean. But it is difficult to
study them because they donot grow in the lab.
part four: The passage is about the view of a plaintiff about the gene
patent. People cannot detest the gene of brest cancer unless they pay
for the company or the professor owned the patent.
part five: The team signed on to a Union lawsuit against Myraid. At
the end the court decided that the company have the patent of cDNA but
mRNA and other are not included. The court tell us the reason. And
there is a guy suspecting the cRNA...
part six: It is reasonable for the guy to express little suspect
because there is an example of HIV which produce natural cDNA.
And there is a debate over whether the company will lose its
bussiness. Some say that since the technic of the company is
protected, they have the database and thus woin't lose bussiness.
Afterall, people who want to detest the breast cancer will benefit
because it is cheaper.
part seven:
Many years ago, the cambridge period began and the world is
experience a boost of life.
Nowaday, the world is undergoing a period of boost of
entrepreneurship.
This trend is global and people heavily relied on the computers and
software.
However, there is a worry about the software bubble.
But today is different from the time when the internet bubble decades
ago.
Many people want to build up their own bussiness since the internet
bring them a great deal of free information. Technology has fuelled
the entrepreneurial explosion in other ways, too.
Invent yourself a job.
Economic and social shifts have provided added momentum for startups.
--economic crisis.
A lot of millennials are not particularly keen on getting a “real”
job anyway. -survey- be enterpreneur.
Lastly, startups are a big part of a new movement back to the city.
Most recent build-up startup is company about software. Althoug
building our own company is exciting, the bussiness has large risk.
作者: LUCY小可 时间: 2014-5-7 16:25
Thank you Cherry!
2: 1'26
3: 2'00
4: 2'14
5: 2'12
6: 8‘11
作者: AceJ 时间: 2014-5-7 22:35
谢谢cherry
作者: planetandlucas 时间: 2014-5-8 02:02
Time 2: Scientists begin to research the spinning of exoplanet. Then, scientists explains the theory of measure of Exoplanet's rotation.
At last, investigators make a comparion about the situation of the rotation between our solar system and exoplanets. (1:36)
Time 3: the article explains that viruses successfully make a living in the deep, dark ocean,and furthermore the article explains the reason.Finally,
Scientists use experiment results to explain this viewpoint. (1:51)
Time 4: The article introduces a issue which is about the gene patenting decision from a plaintiff's point of view. (2:12)
Time 5: Paragraphes continues to introduce the subsequent lawsuit about this issue, and then introduces the result of judgement. At last, the judge
explains the reason of judgement. (2:26)
Time 6: the article explains Scalia's skepticism and claims that this skepticism is reasonable from some aspects. After this, the article introduces the situation of both sides,
thinks that patients will be the biggest victor of this lawsuit. (2:45)
Obstacle: the article introduces that an entrepreneurial explosion is happening in virtual realm and explains that why this issue will happen. Furthermore, paragraphes explains that the happening of this issue will
positively affect the development of world. (6:33)
作者: wnj2611339 时间: 2014-5-8 12:41
----Speaker
The star is too cold to be noticable.
----Speed
[Time2] 2'07''
For the first time, Astronomers have measured the rotation of an exoplanet with a spin of 25 kilometers per second, and Snellen’s team expects that the young exoplanet will pick up even more speed as it ages.
[Time 3] 2'18''
Through studying the genetic looters in samples from vents, researchers eventually suggested that the viruses bolster the host bacteria’s energy output.
[Time 4] 2'51''
The gene patenting decision stops doctors from the DNA tests to detect the risk of breast cancer, and this decision has become an obstacles for doctors to determine how a mutation is likely to affect a patient’s health.
[Time 5] + [Time 6] 3'54''
The final verdict of the case signed by Ganguly and Kazazian against Myriad was a victory claimed by both sides, because striking down gene patenting opens the way for other companies and researchers to develop a wide variety of tests for breast cancer risks and other diseases and Myriad won’t lose much business; moreoever, people at risk of genetic diseases are the biggest winners.
----Obstacle 6'35''
Digital startups are bubbling up in an astonishing variety of services and products, penetrating every nook and cranny of the global economy. This report will argue that the world of startups today offers a preview of how large swathes of the economy will be organised tomorrow.
作者: angel880319 时间: 2014-5-8 23:06
Time2:01'56
Time3:01'50
Time4-6:07'12
G, a researcher, sue a company M who claim to hold the patent of the gene mutation for testing breast cancer. But the Supreme court ruled that G won. It means that everyone can synthesize and do the business testing for the breast cancer.
Obstacle:08'52
作者: wensd1111 时间: 2014-5-9 00:00
1 A 01:00
2 A 01:11
3 A 01:30
4 A 01:32
5 A 01:30
6 A 04:57
作者: Shellylh123 时间: 2014-5-9 00:19
t2 00:01:30
astronomers have measured the rotation------->how to measure
t3 00:02:30
1.how the geomicrobiogist made the research to make the veruses have a safe harbor 2.the result
t4 00:02:50
Ganguly won the trial----- how the patent was deprived by another person-----the content of the letter
t5 00:01:39
Ganguly signed agaist the person who patented the gene----- on court-------------the info about a particular molecule
t6 00:00:57
Ganguly won and gene will not be patented ----- open market
t6
作者: TINGYI-2014 时间: 2014-5-10 14:32
一路狂奔补作业。八分之四。世界真奇妙！
1'57 scientists are text on the rotation and the star b has the shortest day. and it orbit rapidly.
3'12 scientists found some virtus will connected to some bactoria to still the enegy to keep itself alive.
3'12 G used to make a text on women to find out if they have token the gene that could lead to the breast cancer.but M,who own the pattern of breast cancer gene accuse they have go against the pattern and the text is not allowed. recently the court have give a result in G's favor.
3'14 G and other reasearch go for support from the court and a explannation on the betaria.
2'12 the importance of the winning. In fact, it oepn a door for other companies to provide the gene test and it will benefit more peoplo who may suffer from the gene desease.
23'08 540m years ago, earth embrace the explosion of life and now we are embrance a days of new product, new services and the softwear is changing our life. many new setup of companies but will it too much? no ,this time is different from that time. the explosion is based on mature internatet.---combinational inovation changes our life. techonology is used in new way. and economy and socia are other factors which lead to the change. many young man will try the way and they move to the urban districts.
at the same time, it has a dark side.they may lost private life and make much sacrifice.
作者: pennyz 时间: 2014-5-11 07:25
speaker:
the new star found between earth and Jupitor,it is cold and dim.
brown dwarf
棕矮星
infrared
红外的
作者: cyndichiang 时间: 2014-5-12 07:33
Time2 1'58''
Exoplanets are first measured and the how much the obsorbed wavelength are D shifted by rotating atmosphere can be measured by how quickly the planet spins
Time3 1'34''
bacteria-infecting viruses provide metabolic backup to sulfur-oxidizing bacteria,and the bacteria are difficult to study.
Researchers found the genomes of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and 18 types of viruses by sequencing DNA
Time4
G is one of the plaintiffs who sued a company M that owned patents onon breast cancer genes and that also locked away data on the mutations. Finally,G won the case
Time5 2'19''
Synthesizing cRNA is a fair judgement of the patent.
Mechanism of the synthesis of protein by mRNA and DNA
Time6 1'53''
G developed a wide variety of tests for breast cancer risks and other diseases and also the way used by G is much cheaper than the way used by M
It is a open market and people will have more alternatives to turn to for testing
Obstacle: 5'09''
Cambrian explosion is analogous to the explosion of tech-startups in the world
This digital feeding frenzy has given rise to a global movement
In 1990s more than 90% of startups will crash and burn because of the tech bubble
The reasons for the explosive startups:
Now,entrepreneurial boom is based on more solid foundations, the mother of fast, universal and wireless
Technology has fuelled the entrepreneurial explosion
Economic and social shifts have provided added momentum for startups
Some effects of the surge of startups:
1. more and more young people are becoming entrepreneurs
2.startups are a big part of a new movement back to the city
Startups are now over-heated and may lead to devastating failure
作者: kun5850 时间: 2014-5-13 10:47
2‘23
2’32
2‘43
3’21
2‘32
》》》
8‘01
作者: kimwang53 时间: 2014-5-22 07:31
Obstacle
8.25
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