ChaseDream
标题: 【Native Speaker每日综合训练—27系列】【27-02】科技 [打印本页]
作者: 捉妖 时间: 2013-10-28 22:04
标题: 【Native Speaker每日综合训练—27系列】【27-02】科技
大家好，这是第27期的第二次小分队，也是捉妖第二次发帖，希望没有二到大家
今天科技不关乎物理关乎生理了~来看看科学家们是怎么倒腾我们的细胞的吧：）
Part I：Speaker
Anxiety Increases With Online Health Searches
[Rephrase 1]
http://podcast.sciam.com/psych/sa_p_podcast_131026.mp3
[Dialog, 1:23]
[attach]131796[/attach]
Transcript hided
A hypochondriac can turn indigestion into a heart attack faster than you can say myocardial infarction. And thanks to the internet’s unlimited supply of medical information, there’s an online version of the condition—call it cyberchondria.
Now a study has identified which people are most at risk of becoming victims of serious cyberchondria.
More than 500 adults were surveyed about their ability to handle uncertainty, and their levels of anxiety about their current health. They were also asked to rate how much they felt online health searches affected their anxiety.
The results: those volunteers who were poorest at dealing with uncertainty did the most searching about symptoms and illnesses. And as they searched, their levels of anxiety significantly increased. The study is in the journal Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking.
The researchers say that people with an “intolerance of uncertainty” can alleviate anxiety by using cognitive strategies—for example, reminding themselves that it’s doubtful they will find a definitive explanation for their ambiguous symptoms. After all, although Google says that the throbbing in your head might mean you have six weeks to live, it’s much more likely that Arnold is right: “It’s not a tumor! It’s not a tumor, at all.”
Source: Scientific American
http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=anxiety-increases-with-online-healt-13-10-26
Part II：Speed
[attach]131789[/attach]
Our Final Invention
By Sid Perkins 4:00pm, October 22, 2013
[Time 2]
Computers already make all sorts of decisions for you. With little or no human guidance, they deduce what books you would like to buy, trade your stocks and distribute electrical power. They do all this quickly and efficiently using a simple form of artificial intelligence. Now, imagine if computers controlled even more aspects of life and could truly think for themselves.
Barrat, a documentary filmmaker and author, chronicles his discussions with scientists and engineers who are developing ever more complex artificial intelligence, or AI. The goal of many in the field is to make a mechanical brain as intelligent — creative, flexible and capable of learning — as the human mind. But an increasing number of AI visionaries have misgivings.
Science fiction has long explored the implications of humanlike machines (think of Asimov’s I, Robot), but Barrat’s thoughtful treatment adds a dose of reality. Through his conversations with experts, he argues that the perils of AI can easily, even inevitably, outweigh its promise.
By mid-century — maybe within a decade, some researchers say — a computer may achieve human-scale artificial intelligence, an admittedly fuzzy milestone. (The Turing test provides one definition: a computer would pass the test by fooling humans into thinking it’s human.) AI could then quickly evolve to the point where it is thousands of times smarter than a human. But long before that, an AI robot or computer would become self-aware and would not be interested in remaining under human control, Barrat argues.
One AI researcher notes that self-aware, self-improving systems will have three motivations: efficiency, self-protection and acquisition of resources, primarily energy. Some people hesitate to even acknowledge the possible perils of this situation, believing that computers programmed to be superintelligent can also be programmed to be “friendly.” But others, including Barrat, fear that humans and AI are headed toward a mortal struggle. Intelligence isn’t unpredictable merely some of the time or in special cases, he writes. “Computer systems advanced enough to act with human-level intelligence will likely be unpredictable and inscrutable all of the time.”
Humans, he says, need to figure out now, at the early stages of AI’s creation, how to coexist with hyperintelligent machines. Otherwise, Barrat worries, we could end up with a planet — eventually a galaxy — populated by self-serving, self-replicating AI entities that act ruthlessly toward their creators.
[384 words]
Source: Science News
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/our-final-invention
[attach]131818[/attach]
New definition of 'full term' narrows on-time arrival window
By Laura Sanders 6:42pm, October 24, 2013
To the chagrin of pregnant women terrified of giving birth on a dingy Metro platform, due dates are far from certain. Due dates are also weird: They are calculated as 280 days (or 40 weeks) from the day of a woman’s last menstrual period, rendering a woman officially “pregnant” before she’s even ovulated. The odds of a little bundle of joy arriving precisely on his or her due date are actually pretty low. But thankfully, doctors are pretty good at ballparking the big day.
Until now, babies born at any time during a wide five-week window (three weeks before a due date and two weeks after) were considered fully cooked. Now, a panel of clinicians says otherwise.
In an October 22 announcement and an opinion piece in the November Obstetrics & Gynecology, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine narrowed the definition of “full term” by shaving off two weeks at the beginning and one at the end. Instead of a luxurious five-week window, babies now have a two-week window to hit. Under the new definition, babies born during weeks 37 and 38 of pregnancy are “early term,” babies who hit weeks 39 and 40 are “full term,” those who arrive during week 41 are “late term,” and babies born beyond week 42 are “post term.”
These narrowed definitions better reflect outcome realities for babies, the scientists write. The old definition assumed that all babies born during that five-week window were equally healthy. But a growing mountain of data says otherwise. Even though they were considered full term, babies born on the early side, around 37 weeks, are known to be at a higher risk for poorer outcomes.
The new definitions are an effort to discourage clinicians and pregnant women from scheduling elective births, either by Cesarean section or by induced labor, before 39 weeks. Even during the last few weeks of pregnancy, the growing body and brain are still cramming in loads of last-minute work, and that important time shouldn’t be cut short for trivial reasons.
[343 words]
Source: Science News
https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/growth-curve/new-definition-full-term-narrows-time-arrival-window
[attach]131821[/attach]
How Many Cells Are In Your Body?
By Carl Zimmer
A simple question deserves a simple answer. How many cells are in your body?
Unfortunately, your cells can’t fill out census forms, so they can’t tell you themselves. And while it’s easy enough to look through a microscope and count off certain types of cells, this method isn’t practical either. Some types of cells are easy to spot, while others–such as tangled neurons–weave themselves up into obscurity. Even if you could count ten cells each second, it would take you tens of thousands of years to finish counting. Plus, there would be certain logistical problems you’d encounter along the way to counting all the cells in your body–for example, chopping your own body up into tiny patches for microscopic viewing.
For now, the best we can hope for is a study published recenty in Annals of Human Biology, entitled, with admirable clarity, “An Estimation of the Number of Cells in the Human Body.”
The authors–a team of scientists from Italy, Greece, and Spain–admit that they’re hardly the first people to tackle this question. They looked back over scientific journals and books from the past couple centuries and found many estimates. But those estimates sprawled over a huge range, from 5 billion to 200 million trillion cells. And practically none of scientists who offered those numbers provided an explanation for how they came up with them. Clearly, this is a subject ripe for research.
[238 words]
[Time 5]
If scientists can’t count all the cells in a human body, how can they estimate it? The mean weight of a cell is 1 nanogram. For an adult man weighing 70 kilograms, simple arithmetic would lead us to conclude that that man has 70 trillion cells.
On the other hand, it’s also possible to do this calculation based on the volume of cells. The mean volume of a mammal cell is estimated to be 4 billionths of a cubic centimeter. (To get a sense of that size, check out The Scale of the Universe.) Based on an adult man’s typical volume, you might conclude that the human body contains 15 trillion cells.
So if you pick volume or weight, you get drastically different numbers. Making matters worse, our bodies are not packed with cells in a uniform way, like a jar full of jellybeans. Cells come in different sizes, and they grow in different densities. Look at a beaker of blood, for example, and you’ll find that the red blood cells are packed tight. If you used their density to estimate the cells in a human body, you’d come to a staggering 724 trillion cells. Skin cells, on the other hand, are so sparse that they’d give you a paltry estimate of 35 billion cells.
So the author of the new paper set out to estimate the number of cells in the body the hard way, breaking it down by organs and cell types. (They didn’t try counting up all the microbes that also call our body home, sticking only to human cells.) They’ve scoured the scientific literature for details on the volume and density of cells in gallbladders, knee joints, intestines, bone marrow, and many other tissues. They then came up with estimates for the total number of each kind of cell. They estimate, for example, that we have 50 billion fat cells and 2 billion heart muscle cells.
Adding up all their numbers, the scientists came up with…drumroll…37.2 trillion cells.
[332 words]
[Time 6]
This is not a final number, but it’s a very good start. While it’s true that people may vary in size–and thus vary in their number of cells–adult humans don’t vary by orders of magnitude except in the movies. The scientists declare with great confidence that the common estimate of a trillion cells in the human body is wrong. But they see their estimate as an opportunity for a collaboration–perhaps through an online database assembled by many experts on many different body parts–to zero in on a better estimate.
Curiosity is justification enough to ponder how many cells the human body contains, but there can also be scientific benefits to pinning down the number too. Scientists are learning about the human body by building sophisticated computer models of lungs and hearts and other organs. If these models have ten times too many cells as real organs do, their results may veer wildly off the mark.
The number of cells in an organ also has bearing on some medical conditions. The authors of the new study find that a healthy liver has 240 billion cells in it, for example, but some studies on cirrhosis have found the disease organ have as few as 172 billion.
Perhaps most importantly, the very fact that some 34 trillion cells can cooperate for decades, giving rise to a single human body instead of a chaotic war of selfish microbes, is amazing. The evolution of even a basic level of multicellularity is remarkable enough. But our ancestors went way beyond a simple sponge-like anatomy, evolving a vast collective made of many different types. To understand that collective on a deep level, we need to know how big it really is.
[288 words]
Source: National Geographic
http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2013/10/23/how-many-cells-are-in-your-body/
Part III： Obstacle
[attach]131822[/attach]
New Microscopes Reveal Live, Developing Cells in Unprecedented 3-D Clarity
Based on materials provided by National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering.
Researchers at NIH have developed two new microscopes, both the first of their kind. The first captures small, fast moving organisms at an unprecedented rate and the second displays large cell samples in three dimensions while decreasing the amount of harmful light exposure to the cells. Both microscopes surpass in clarity any other currently on the market.
[Paraphrase 7]
The first microscope allows researchers to obtain fast moving images at double the spatial resolution of a conventional microscope. This provides a vastly clearer picture, enabling cell components that were once quite blurry to now become sharply defined; the difference is similar to that of a 1990's-era standard TV set versus today's high-definition TVs. The microscope is also 10 to 100 times faster than traditional technologies.
"It's always helpful to look at smaller and smaller things," said Hari Shroff, Ph.D., at NIH's National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) lab chief of NIBIB's section on High Resolution Optical Imaging (HROI.) "Looking at a fixed cell at high resolution can tell you where different parts of the cell are at any given moment; but because much of biology depends on the movement of very small proteins finding each other and interacting, we really needed to look at how things move in a live cell."
The problem is that the higher the resolution, the harder it is to eliminate the blur from both light diffraction (the glow that sometimes occurs as light bends around objects) and the motion going on inside the live cell. Traditional linear structured illumination microscopy (SIM) cannot maintain the high resolution desired by researchers when the sample is moving quickly.
Shroff and his research fellow Andrew York, Ph.D., found an answer to these problems with their new instant linear structured illumination microscopy (iSIM), described in a paper published in Nature Methods on October 6th. Building on traditional SIM technology, the iSIM allows real-time, 3-D super resolution imaging of small, rapidly moving structures -- such as individual blood cells moving through a live zebrafish embryo. This kind of imaging is impossible with other microscopes; the ones that are fast enough to record rapid movement do not have a high enough resolution to see inside the cells; and other microscopes with similar resolution are just too slow to capture that amount of motion clearly.
If a photographer wants to take a better photograph, he can either buy a camera with a better lens and higher pixels or he can modify the picture after it's taken, using Photoshop. The principle is similar in microscopy. Instead of approaching the problem by creating better imaging software that helps to increase the resolution after the fact, as most high resolution microscopes do, Shroff and his lab developed a microscope with better lenses and mirrors so that the higher resolution is captured in the original image.
"What we've essentially done is eliminate the need for extensive computer processing by creating a better microscope at every stage of data gathering," said Shroff. "Before, we relied on computer software and algorithms to do things like sort through hundreds of images, eliminate out of focus light, and combine the individual images together. Now, we can do most of that optically with the microscope itself." This means that researchers can skip the time-consuming steps in which computers process the massive amounts of data normally required for such high resolution imaging. Now they will be able to see the images instantly instead of waiting hours or sometimes days, and the data itself takes about 1% of the hard drive space as that produced by previous microscopes.
The second microscope, described in a paper published in Nature Biotechnology online on October 13, builds on selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM). Traditional microscopes expose the whole sample to light even though they are only imaging one small section at a time. However, just as the sun can damage skin cells, too much light exposure can damage or even kill biological samples like embryos. SPIM uses a thin beam of light to illuminate only the single plane that is currently being imaged so the biological sample is not damaged by overexposure to light. However, the technology is limited because looking at a 3-D object from only one point of view does not provide a complete representation of the object -- in the same way that viewing a globe from one perspective gives no information about what is on the other side of the world. Traditionally, SPIM microscopes rotate the sample so that they can clearly see all the dimensions, but this severely limits the imaging speed and can increase the damage done to the cells from light exposure because of the many extra images taken at multiple angles. As a result imaging is also slowed down, and the ability to capture much of the fast moving cellular motion is lost.
In order to combat this problem, Shroff and NIBIB staff scientist Yicong, Wu, Ph.D., developed a dual-view SPIM (diSPIM) microscope with two separate detection cameras. The cameras are set at a 90 degree angle to capture perpendicular views of the sample. This perpendicular view results in undistorted 3-dimensional images, and since only two views are acquired, the microscope can still capture events at very high speed. Additionally, with relatively simple modifications, traditional single camera SPIM microscopes can be converted into the dual-camera diSPIM. The real challenge in developing this technology was to find a way to combine the two disparate images from the two cameras, which required the creation of a new post-processing software algorithm.
The increased speed at which the new dual microscope can image the cells allows for clearer images of even very fast moving viruses. Being able to see how a virus enters a cell, and once it's in, how it moves around, could go a long way towards scientists' understanding of how infections occur and potentially how to fight them more effectively. In the same way, observing the migration of cancer cells in a 3-D environment could unlock information on how cancer grows, finds nutrients, and spreads.
"Biology is three-dimensional, not two dimensional. The nucleus of a cell is spherical, not circular, and as scientists, it's up to us to find ways to observe cells as accurately as possible, Shroff said. "We're really moving biology into the third dimension with this microscope." There's a lot of attention right now on how neurons fire and interact with each other, but the truth is, we don't even understand how a brain develops -- even in the most simple of organisms like C. elegans, a worm with only 300 brain cells. We don't know why brain cells go where they do or what determines their organization. We can't understand more about this process without observing it, and that's something that these devices can help to provide."
The Shroff lab has already begun multiple collaborations with biological labs both inside the NIH as well as external institutions, including Yale, Sloan Kettering, and the University of Connecticut Health Center.
[1105 words]
Source: Science Daily
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/10/131025123056.htm
作者: 捉妖 时间: 2013-10-28 22:13
自己占个沙发...我感觉那肚子应该是生个儿..
好危险，这个打酱油的沙发，没被菌菌发现..赶紧补个作业~
speaker：
people who do the most search on online may increase anxiety ;
should use psychy strategy to help..额额额...
Time2[384]3'28
AI would go beyong human's control.
Time3[343]2'48
The new defination of the born terms for babies is two weeks, shorting the old one----5 weeks.
Time4[238]1'18
It's hard to count the number of cells in a body, and a group of scientists found some different numbers of cells, but none of them provided explanation.
Time5[332]1'38
The estimated number of cells differ from the way by which they are estimated,such as by volumn or by weight.
Different tissus have different densities of cells, so the scientists estimated the number by adding the numbers of the cells estimated individually.
Time6[288]2'05
The practical values to know the number on cells.
作者: Extremo 时间: 2013-10-28 22:18
有板凳好开心~
----------------------( ⊙o⊙ )----------------------------------------------------------
[speed]
2:23
The threat from AI.
-- AI becomes increasingly intelligent.
-- Two groups of people hold different ideas toward AI.
-- Human should learn to how to coexist with hyperintelligent AI.
1:59
New definition narrows the on-time arrival window
-- More accurate and better reflects the outcome realities for babies.
2:02
How many cells in your body
-- Some methods seem to be unpractical.
-- None of scientists could provide a explanation for how they counted the cell.
2:23
Old method --Wight ;Volume ;Density
New method to estimate the cell numbers --Breaking it down by organs and cell types.
2:42
Estimating of cells is a good start for scientific field. -- the foundation for collaboration.
Cell numbers vary in size and the medical condition.
作者: Dora7 时间: 2013-10-28 22:25
有地板也开心~~~
补坑来了，细胞那篇读的好嗨心，谢谢捉妖。
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TIME2：2'55''84
the computers make more decisions for u.
how AI creation development (worries about) -two opposite points
TIME3：2'03''14
new more details definitions of the pregnant period reflect the realities for babies
full term seems better for babies
TIME4：1'18''50
uncounted cells --new study make count cells hopeful--none of scientists ever provided an explanation
TIME5：1'20''25
use the volume or weight estimate the number of cells seem reliable
so recent research:by cell types and organs
TIME6:1'16''84
good start and need do more study
benefits of counting how many cells in our bodies
OBSATCLE:6'41''32
two different microscopes
first:fuction
second:structure-problems-benefits
作者: AceJ 时间: 2013-10-28 22:29
妖妖童鞋的科技文让人很长知识~~~
Our Final Invention
Time2: 3'10" Humans need to figure out now, at the early stages of AI’s creation, how to coexist with hyperintelligent machines. Frankly, I think so
New definition of 'full term' narrows on-time arrival window
Time3: 2'32" a new definition of full term about baby born: weeks 37 and 38 of pregnancy are “early term,” babies who hit weeks 39 and 40 are “full term,” those who arrive during week 41 are “late term,” and babies born beyond week 42 are “post term.”
How Many Cells Are In Your Body?
Time4: 1'32" Until now, we still can't answer this "simple" question: how many cells are in our bodies
Time5: 2'14" By estimating different cells in different parts, the scientists came up with 37.2 trillion cells
Time6: 1'52" the benefits of figuring out how many cells in our bodies
New Microscopes Reveal Live, Developing Cells in Unprecedented 3-D Clarity
Time7: 7'57"
NIH created two kind of first high resolution and 3-D clarity microscope
The higher resolution is, the harder it is to eliminate the blur. By developing iSIM, Shroff resolved this issue
This microscope helps researchers come back to original microscope rather than spending time in computer software
The second microscope is called diSPIM, which consists of two cameras, giving a whole picture of cells and without extra exposure
We're really moving biology into the third dimension with this microscope
作者: ttlovej 时间: 2013-10-28 22:32
来，占个位，然后去补昨天的
TIME 2 2‘03
TIME 3 1’24
TIME 4 1‘43
TIME 5 1‘55
TIME 6 2’03
谢谢楼楼！！！
作者: olivia瓜瓜 时间: 2013-10-28 22:33
捉妖MM
Time2: 2m25s
The superintelligent AI will someday smarter hundreds times than human beings,and out of control from their creators.
Time3: 2m17s
Now finding narrow the window time of pregnant from 5 weeks to 2 weeks, and the past wide range would lead risks for baby.
Therefore this important time should not be cut down by unimportant things.
Time4: 1m21s
It’s almost impossible for us to count our cells number.
Time 5: 1m42s
Different method come to varies outcome of the number of cells, new study estimates the cell from different part of our body and estimate to be 37.2 trillion cells.
Time6: 1m23s
Although above method is not the final way ,but a good one which we can utilize to calculate the real cells.
The practical meaning of the calculation of the cells is to help our medical and biological research.
Obstacle：6m22s
biologists have created two unprecedented microphone to observe the cell.
The first one allow researchers to double the cell capture speed than conventional methods.
This way can omit many time-consuming process .
The second one made the three dimension possible .
Actually the two-dimension ways often cant give a whole picture for researcher.
we can resolve the dilemma by combing two separate cameras to form a dual view SIMP.
Biologic is not two dimension ,but 3-d.
we should use these new methods to better explore the cell's organisation.
作者: iaoinging 时间: 2013-10-28 22:49
Time2: 02’’15’
Barrat thinks IA is worth to develop forsome reasons. AI is able to think like humans. However, there still are someproblems need to be considered if AI being produce. How human coexist with AIsince AI may be unpredictable.
Time3: 01’’57’
New announcement says that fetuses who bornin “early term” are likely to be poorer health condition.
Time4: 01’’18’
There is no agreement about how many cellsare in human body. Scientists did not provide any explanations for theirestimation.
Time5: 01’’28’
Scientists can pick volume or weight toestimate the amount of cells in human body. But neither of those two methods isaccurate. The size and weight of cells from different organs are different. Scientistsget a result by count cells from different part of body, and add it together.
Time6: 01’’42’
It is about the reasons why scientists tryto find the amount of cells in human body. The evolution of even a basic levelof multi-cellularity is remarkable enough.
作者: Changpoyu 时间: 2013-10-28 23:03
Day 2013.10.26
Long time
Time2 : 3'44'23
talking about the AI and computer intelligence may be change our life which is a good thing or a bad thing is not clear
Time3 : 2'41'92
Talking about pregnant woman keep his kid how long and separate 3term =talking about how long the babies stay in her mom's stomach
Time4 : 1'58'89
How many cell are in our body and this article introduce some scientist that may be can give us the answer
Time5 : 2'42'44
Talking about two method to account the cell in our body from weight or volume,we can see the is quiet different in the number of our cells
Time6 : 2'48'73
the true number is not clear,then I forget,I am nearly in deep sleep
作者: zxppx 时间: 2013-10-28 23:04
谢谢妖妖！
作者: 小鱼上树 时间: 2013-10-28 23:04
谢谢妖妖~好有趣的话题！
27-02
Speaker
Hypochondriac-someone who always worries about their healthand thinks they may be ill, even when they are really not ill
2 384 2min11
3 343 1min41
New definition about fully cooked baby. By narrow down 3weeks of the pregnancy term, we have more specific idea about the baby’ssituation
4 238 1min07
How is it possible to count the number of cells in our body-the first book provides an estimate number-but seems doesn’t make any sense
5 332 1min08
Estimate the number by the weight and volume of cell- wehave a wide-ranged result- count by organs
6 288 1min38
The way is not perfect but it is worth to try
作者: 疏离无罪 时间: 2013-10-28 23:16
今天大家好效率，瞬间二环，感谢妖妖
01:31
Barrat thinks that computers and AI can grow muchi smarther than human and get out of human control after decades.
01:32
The narrow difination of full term will better reflect outcome realities for babies and discourage clinicians and pregnant women from scheduling elective births.
01:12
It's difficult for scientists to know how many cells are in our body.
01:27
scientists can’t estimate the number of cells without counting all the cells in a human body.So a group of scientists estimate the number of cells by breaking it down by organs and cell types. The result is 37.2 trillion cells.
01:03
This number may not be a correct number but it is a good start.Estimating the number of cells can not only satisfy our coriosity but also can bring many scientific benefits.
04:12
Main idea:introduce two new kinds of microscope
1 The first microscope allows researchers to obtain fast moving images at double the spatial resolution of a conventional microscope.
Inroduction of this microscope and the problem in SIM.
To solve this problem,iSIM is rised.
2 The second microscope, described in a paper published in Nature Biotechnology online on October 13, builds on selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM).
Inroduction of this microscope and the problem in SPIM.
To solve this problem,diSPIM is rised.
作者: lxskyfly 时间: 2013-10-28 23:40
妖妖！谢谢~~
--
SPEED
掌管 5 00:01:49.61 00:11:19.19
掌管 4 00:01:35.99 00:09:29.58
掌管 3 00:01:50.31 00:07:53.58
掌管 2 00:03:00.35 00:06:03.27
掌管 1 00:03:02.92 00:03:02.92
1. AI develops toward fothaming human beings, a situation concerned by B.
2. traditional viewpoint of pregenant window period--> new definition put forward by an anouncement, cutting down the length of period.
contradictory: scientists are for that new def, while data show contradicotry outcomes.
influence: prevent mothers to elect the due date.
3. intro: cells amount is hard to get, --> new study explain different method that regarded estimated in the past.
traditional method: ultilize volume & weight to estimate, bearing large difference.
new paper: focus on separate organs or part in the body to estimate based on different density..etc
evaluation: problems & amazing facts & new start
作者: sophie17 时间: 2013-10-28 23:45
October 29, 2013
T2 2’27-Computercould do a lot of things for human being right now.
-Itis possible that some day the machine may replace human.
T3 2’3-Thedue day of birth is narrowed down from 5 weeks to 2 weeks.
-Different babies have different healthcondition, according to their duration in their mom's womb.
T4 1’41-Itis hard to count the cell of a human body.
-Thereis no convincing research paper of on the number of the human body.
T5 1’23-Scientistsuse the mean weight or mean volume to estimate the number of cells of a humanbody.
-Thedeviation could be huge, since not all cells have the uniform weight or uniformvolume.
-Then,scientists break down the human cells by organs and cell types and count thenumber of cells accordingly.
T6 1’30-Itis a good start to count the number of cells according by organs.
T7 5’30-Researchersinvented two innovational microscopes: one could capture small faster movingorganisms the other one could display large cell samples in three dimensionswithout too much harmful lights.
作者: 枣糕兔 时间: 2013-10-29 00:22
谢谢捉妖！早上逃课来读~（喂喂）
作者: cherry6891 时间: 2013-10-29 06:52
谢谢妖妖
作者: pennyz 时间: 2013-10-29 07:08
2环保住没？？
傻到忘记自己占过楼了，今天文章都好有意思阿。谢谢妖妖~
2;57s
the advance of AI and the worries about the development of AI
2:11s
the new idea of the birth window about 2 weeks,and new defination about full term,early term ects
1:28s
it is hard to answer how many cells in our body,and scientists made lots of estimation about this question
1:28s
there used to be the estimation based on the weight and volume of the cells,but the estimation is not reliable.the recent study estimate the cells according to different types
and the outcome is 37 trillion
1:47s
it is a good start and scientists can resort to the data base to solve the problems.and the estimation will bring some benefits as well
6:58s
the first microscope is able to capture of the fast moving cells at a high resolution.
the basic rule of this kind of microscope
the benefit of this microscope
the second microscope can overcome the problem of overlight exposure to the sample
the structure of this kind of microscope and the fuction of three-dimensional picture
the possible benefits of this kind of microscope
作者: tess2086347 时间: 2013-10-29 07:55
平时加班，周末加班，没想到一上来就已经27了~~~
T2 - 02:27:88
People need to figure out how to coexist with the hyperintelligent machines.
T3 - 02:33:61
The correction of the general opinion about the wide five-week window.
T4 - 01:30:t35
To answer the question that how many cells are there in your body is almost impossible, but the authors of XXX has tackled this question. however, none of those scientist provided the explanation how they came up with the estimates.
T5 - 01:53:36
To count the cells with the diff. methods of volume or weight will bring you to a drastically different result. and it tells the method how the authors count the cells in the body.
T6 - 01:38:34
common estimate of a trillion cells in the human body is wrong
作者: cherry6891 时间: 2013-10-29 08:26
2 2:25 Barrat plans to create complex artifical intelligence,but people worry about that the AI will rule the world in several years
3 2:16 new definition of full time narrow the on time arrival window --even during the last weeks pf pregnancy, the growing body and brain are still cramming in loads of last minute work
4-5 3:11 new method to count cells in our body
Old method--count by weight or by volume, however the result is quite different by this two methods
New method--estimate the number of cells by organs and cell type and then add up to fet the total
6 1:48 the number bears on the medication condition and understand the whole body on a deep level will help us
7 6:36 introduce two different cameras which is more clear than the cameras in market.
--first capture small,fast moving animal
--second capture large cell samples in 3-D
作者: miyini 时间: 2013-10-29 09:25
谢谢。。占个座
交作业啦 。。。。
2 384 2’55 the last invention of human being- robotwith artificial intelligence. A writer recently talked to a group of scientistsabout the future of the relationship between human and AI. Today’s robot can dolots of things with great efficiency and quick speed without the control ofpeople. So with the development of the artificial intelligence, how will therobot with a rather the same clever intelligence do and treat us? Maybe theywould not like to be our robot.
3 343 2’05 scientists claims that the window timeof the new babies should decrease from five weeks to three weeks. It is normalsaid that the pregnant time is about 40 weeks, And the window time is from the3 weeks before the 40th weeks and 2 weeks after the 40thweek. Babies born during these periods will normally possess a good healthy. Butnow new research say that the window time is less than we normally think, it isthe last week of the 40 weeks and the 41 week is the window time. So it tellsthe pregnant women and the parents that it is better to let the baby born onnature and it is bad to deliberately choosing the baby’s birthday for it isharmful for their health and body development.
4 238 1’22 how many cells are there in our body. Simplequestion needs a simple answer. However, the cells themselves can not tell ourthe answers. It is possible to count the cell in a certain small area with themicroscope. But there are too much of them, it may take millions of years forus to totally do it. What is more, some kind of cells for examples neural cellshave very special shapes, so it is really hard for us to pick it up and countthem.
Now, a group ofscientists finally do this job. They said they screening lots of reports of thenumber of cells, however no one give us a certain number except a probablerange of it and without the method of how.
5 332 1’47 some may count the number by the weightor the volume, however these outcomes are totally different, because thedensity of cells in our body is not the same at different parts of our body. Forexample, the red cell in the blood maybe the most dense cell in our body, ifyour counting the cell use its density, you can get a 724 trillion. However, ifyou use the skin cell the less dense cell in your body, the number may become35 billion.
The researcherscount different organs cell number and then add them. And they count some kindof organs and get the numbers about 37 trillion.
6 288 2’05 but the number is not perfect and doesnot mean an end. Persons keep changing during their whole lives. Counting thenumber is not only satisfy our curiosity but also can give us a better knowledgeof our body. During counting the number, they construct some organs’ models. Theyfound if the organ is unhealthy its number would change dramatically( much lessthan normal standard). It is really meaningful and helpful to do this job.
7 1105 7’20 twonew microscopes released.
one kind of thesetwo microscopes is using to observe the small and quick moved cells orproteins. It only allows a small beam of light goes in thus protect the life ofthe animal or microbes. Thus we can havea long time to observe it. What is more it is hardpan-saved, quick imaginedthan the previous microscopes.
The other one thegive us a 3-d picture of a cell. With it the scientists can clearly observedone cell engulfed the other one and how cancer cell infest us.
作者: 飞天傻兔 时间: 2013-10-29 09:37
谢谢捉妖妹子~
Time
[03:06]
[02:22]
[01:38]
[01:19]
[01:24]
Obstacle
iSIM
SPIM
记不住呀记不住呀记不住。。。。><
作者: jingluoli 时间: 2013-10-29 09:49
02:24.39
02:07.40
01:11.63
01:36.22
01:38.47
07:59.88 Microscrope helps people see small things.--But the traditional microscrope can not slove the problem that how to see a cell in live condition.--The SIM can.It can view the scence in 3D.--But the SIM put all the cells under the light that may damage or kill the cells.--The SPIM let the light on the sigal cell on research.But it can only view on sigal angel.--The diSPIM uses two perpendicular cameras to capture the view.--If we can figure how the viruses enter and leave the cell,we will know how infecions happen.As the case with cancer.--Biology is 3D.
作者: 君君爱TS 时间: 2013-10-29 10:01
hypochondriac. handle uncertainty.online health searches add to their anxiety.
掌管 5 00:07:23.23 00:17:00.11
掌管 4 00:03:32.64 00:09:36.88
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the kinds of microscope that enable people to obeserve cells clearer.
作者: Vicky94 时间: 2013-10-29 10:27
先去补昨天的 面壁。。。 我读得太慢了。。回忆也很难写出来 T_T
作者: 捉妖 时间: 2013-10-29 12:17
Vicky94 发表于 2013-10-29 10:27 
先去补昨天的 面壁。。。 我读得太慢了。。回忆也很难写出来 T_T
我也是~~ 我回忆好多是第二遍精读的时候一段一段补上的 ..
坚持就好了，慢慢就能一目十行过目不忘 
作者: Cri倩 时间: 2013-10-29 12:38
1’40” how computers influence our decisions and how AI creation related to the points
1’20” new findings about the mature of a baby and the research will help a lot in the reality
1’ it’s difficult to know how many cells in our body and introduces the research that is going to discuss below
1’10” how to estimate the number of cells (weight, volume, cell types and organs)
1’13” the author’s attitude to the method that estimate the number of cells by organs and types and the importance of the research
6'introduces two different microscopes that are better than those in market now
the features of the first one, its disadvantages and its use
the features of the second one, it disadvantages and its use
作者: JUSTMONICA 时间: 2013-10-29 15:38
TIME 1 03:29
TIME 2 02:56
TIME 3 01:36
TIME4 02:06
TIME 5 02:19
OBSTACLE 10:05
谢谢楼主~~~
作者: irvan 时间: 2013-10-29 15:48
Obstacle
07:20
Introduction to two new microscopes used in biological research
作者: limin501 时间: 2013-10-29 16:14
Time 2
people hope make a machine as intelligent as humanbrain. But long before that ,the machine will not interest under human control,therefore, we need figure out how to coexist with hyper intelligent machines.
Time 3
New definition of full term narrows on timearrival window
Time 4
It is difficult to count how many cells inyour body, but a team of scientists admit that they can tackle this question.
Time 5
It is impossible to estimate how many cellin a human body , neither calculate the volume of cells nor calculate the denseof cells. Because different cell grow up in different number and differentsizes, so the scientists came up with estimates for the total number of eachkind of cell
Time 6
How useful it is when scientists know howmany cells in different organ.
Obstacle
Unlike traditional technologies, 3-dmethod, SPIM, is help for both observe the cells grow from 3d environment butalso not damage the cells by damage the biological samples.
作者: awayawei 时间: 2013-10-29 16:51
这么快就27系列了，跟不上啊，先占个座，做完饭回来再补
作者: 泪零落 时间: 2013-10-29 19:16
TIME 2 : 2' 05
TIME 3 : 1' 49
TIME 4 : 1' 54
TIME 5 : 2' 01
TIME 6 : 2' 03
作者: crystal-yao 时间: 2013-10-29 19:37
time2 [384] 04:12.46
science fictions have implicated the exitance of AI
it is wildly argued about the self-aware and the morel problems with human being
time3 [343] 03:23.22
the new definition of full time narrowed
according to the data, the new definition can better reflect the outcome reality
it also decrease the selected outcome
time4 [238] 02:05.71
because of some obscure cells and the logistical concerns, we can not know how many cells in our body
previous scients have a vague number of cells in our body, and a team of researchers try to deeply understand the question.
time5 [332] 02:48.70
we can not use the weight and volume to estimate the number of cells because defferent cells have various size and density
the team clarify defferent types of cells and come up with the total number.
time6 [288] 02:37.87
to know the number of cells is meaningful--it helps in computer model organzism, improves the madical condition and is a way to understand how cells cooperate to support a human being.
obstacle [1105] 10:22.21
1 have clear picture and can decipt the movement, but not enough for higher the resolution
2 decrease the expose of light but have trouble in capture the movtivation
3 get 2-D picture
still do not know how a cell works and will continue work on it
都读懂的赶脚真好%>_<%
作者: 吐吐yeah 时间: 2013-10-29 20:50
谢谢捉妖啦~
咳，为嘛感觉生物方面的内容更加对胃口啊~亏我还是物理生。。默默。。
speaker:
cyberchondria：more online searching about symptoms and illnesses→more anxiety
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掌管 2 00:02:54.53 00:05:19.81
掌管 1 00:02:25.27 00:02:25.27
Obstacle
main idea:Researchers have developed two new microscopes that can observe fast-moving cells in 3D clarity
structure:
1.the first microscope:provides a vastly clearer picture of fast moving cells
It is difficult for old ones to distinguish the blur because of light when the sample is moving quickly.
The new one uses better lenses and mirrors so that the dependence on computer software becomes less.
2.the second microscope:with two separate detection cameras,3D images
The old ones damage the cells because of overexposure to the light.
The new microscope combines the two disparate images with a new post-processing software.
作者: AceJ 时间: 2013-10-29 21:25
Vicky94 发表于 2013-10-29 10:27
先去补昨天的 面壁。。。 我读得太慢了。。回忆也很难写出来 T_T
别着急哈~，可以先从记住文章的主题框架开始
作者: AceJ 时间: 2013-10-29 21:26
飞天傻兔 发表于 2013-10-29 09:37
谢谢捉妖妹子~
Time
[03:06]
可以先从主体框架开始~关键还是要弄懂文章的整体结构和逻辑思路
作者: liwen0625 时间: 2013-10-29 21:46
TIME 2 2‘03
concern about the future of AI, especially the unpredicatable consequences
TIME 3 1’24
new definition of full-term
TIME 4 1‘43
a new study to estimate the number of cells in your body
TIME 5 1‘55
how to estimate in different circumstances
TIME 6 2’03
correct the misconcept that human bodies have common estimated number of cells
作者: pennyz 时间: 2013-10-29 22:11
2;57s
the advance of AI and the worries about the development of AI
2:11s
the new idea of the birth window about 2 weeks,and new defination about full term,early term ects
1:28s
it is hard to answer how many cells in our body,and scientists made lots of estimation about this question
1:28s
there used to be the estimation based on the weight and volume of the cells,but the estimation is not reliable.the recent study estimate the cells according to different types
and the outcome is 37 trillion
1:47s
it is a good start and scientists can resort to the data base to solve the problems.and the estimation will bring some benefits as well
6:58s
the first microscope is able to capture of the fast moving cells at a high resolution.
the basic rule of this kind of microscope
the benefit of this microscope
the second microscope can overcome the problem of overlight exposure to the sample
the structure of this kind of microscope and the fuction of three-dimensional picture
the possible benefits of this kind of microscope
作者: 就爱吃芒果 时间: 2013-10-29 22:37
交作业啦 今天的文章简单一些
Time 2(2’33) Some scientists are expected to produce a more complex artificial brain whose intelligence will far beyond human mind. From this situation, many scientists are concerning that it will be difficult for all of us coexist with robots who have a higher intelligence than us.
Time 3 (2’11) In the present the standard due day for a healthy baby is about 5 weeks window. But nowadays, a new paper claim that this 5 weeks window must be narrowed in 2 weeks, because with the accumulated data they have discovered that a baby born beyond this 2 week windows has a higher poor outcome risk. From the study, we know even in the last minute in mom, the baby is developing its brain.
Time 4 (1’09) It is very difficult to count the number of cells in our body. Many methods are come up but not practical. Nowadays, a team of scientists wanted to estimate the number of cells. After they have gleaned many former material, the fluctuation of the number is large and no one has given a pacific way of how to estimate the number.
Time 5(1’36) It is very difficult for scientists to estimate the number of cells as the diversity in density and shape of cells. If you estimate the number from different dimensions, you will get two drastically different numbers. Thus, scientists are study in different part of the cells and gave us an approximate number.
Time 6 (1’40) To know the number of cells in human body has many remarkable functions. First it can contribute to the study of the organ such as heart and lung. Second it has medical function that the number of cells in ill organ is less than that of healthy organ. At last, it is the fundament of the study of the process of cell evolving.
Time 7 obstacle (6’38) The new microscope has been invented to create a 3D imagines. The formal microscopes are too slow for scientists to observe the instant interaction within cells. So scientists add the high speed photo taking devices on the microscopes or change the license. This innovation has saved scientists many time for generate the photo after taken them. There is another problem that the strong light will kill some tiny cell. To solve this problem, scientists have changed the strength of light. But if they want to see the interaction clearly they have to rotate the plate, which still will hurt the tiny cell. To improve this, scientists put 2 camera from two sides to take a 3D image to let scientists know better about how the cells interact with each other.
作者: cherryyyy 时间: 2013-10-29 23:15
Time 1
In the listening lecture, the experiments prove that the poorest people handle uncertainty, the more easily they will get the C illness.
Time 2 2:29
B's opinion bring people to reality that AI may outweigh its promise.
Discussions about whether computer system is advanced enough to act with human level.
He also put forward that people should think about how to coexist with AI.
Time 3 2:02
The possibility that baby is born at the exact date which doctor predicate is rarely low,but doctor usually can predicate the approximate time.
The new definitions of early term, full term, late term and post term.
The influence of new definitions.
Time 4 1:16
The difficulties to count cells in your body.
Various estimations by different scientists but no one can prove solid evidence.
Time 5 1:18
Methods to count cells by weight.
Methods to count cells by volume.
However neither of these two methods are feasible, because cells arranged irregularly.
A new way to break cell down to types and organs and the new result.
Time 6 1:34
Experts say that although the estimation is wrong, it can prove a opportunity for scientists for collaboration.
Scientific benefits to count cells.
Medical benefits to count cells.
The most important benefit: to understand the collective on a deep level,we need to know how big it really is.
Obstacle: 5:32
The invention of the first microscope and its use.
The limits of the first microscopes.
The invention of the first 3D microscopes and its superiorities.
The analogy between lens, ps and the 3D microscopes.
The invention of the second 3D microscopes and its limits.
Efforts which scientists did try to overcome its limits.
Advantages of the microscopes after improving by scientists.
Biology is three-dimensional not two dimensional.
作者: 雪满山中8899 时间: 2013-10-29 23:51
2-21
We should find out frist whether there is a friendly way to compromise with AI before we officially create them. People hold different ideas about the problem. Some people believe we can make the AI friendly to human. While others do not think so.
2-37
In the past, the due dates of giving birth are not accurate. Now, a new narrow definition classify the time of baby bron. Although the fetus who were born during the window were thought to be healthy, there are evidence that early born babies face high risks.
The new definition makes clinicians and the mothers count the dates more carefully and decide which day to give birth more seriously than they were.
1-34
It is very hard to count how many cells are in human body. There are technical and logistical problems. A team of scientists now find a way to solve the problem . they think that the past researchs are too obscure and not accurate
2-00
There are two ways to count the number by using the weight and the volume. While here is the problem ,human body have many sorts of cells and different cells have different density. If you count by this way ,you will find it difficult.
The author of the new paper find a compromise way. They use the weight of different cells in the body, then came up with the total number of each of kind. Then they get the number-37.5 trillion.
2-12
The number maybe wrong, but it still a good start. Not only because the evolution helps to develop a online database which share information in the future, but because it has many other benefits.
8-04
作者: tk190478 时间: 2013-10-29 23:56
Time2-2'54"
humanlike AI may evolve to much smarter than human and will not under control of human, some think AI will be programmed to be controlled and others say it will have self-aware and will threat human.
Time3-2'55"
old "full-term" is five-week around the due date, new one is two-week around the due date, old one considers that baby borned in five-week is equally health while new one narrow the domain of health, advocates are trying to persuade public and clinicians to schedule baby-birth according to the new standard.
Time4-1'41"
no one knows how many cells in one human body, it's hard to count, there are many estimates but all with no explanation.
Time5-1'54"
different methods of counting have different estimates, scientists classify cells into many types and get a estimate.
Time6-2'07"
counting cells in different types is a good start, number of cells is useful in stimulating how human body work and understanding collective of cells, which is a result of long time evolution.
Obstacle-9'10"
two new microscopes, one could capture high-revolution images of high speed motion in cells, another could take 3D image of cells and prevent excessively light-exposure to cell samples, old microscopes cannot capture high speed motion but new ones could, old microscopes get high-revolution images only by long-time computation but new ones get higher revolution images through better optical system immediately, old microscopes can only get 2D images of cells and overexpose samples to the light, new ones only light samples in a small section where is observing and can get 3D images by combining old microscopes and process image in computers, new features of two new microscopes are very useful, innovators of new microscopes are collaborating with other labs now.
作者: Talitha 时间: 2013-10-30 00:15
谢谢!!
2:2'52: 384 Computer makes decision for us. Scientists start to develop more capable artificial intelligent. AI has more humanlike brain. Scientist B said AI may not happy under human control. They are smarter than human.
3: 2‘33：343 How pregnancy is calculated. What is traditionally considered as "full-term". New definition narrows full-term to be only 2 weeks. Babies born in these two weeks perform better. Narrowing full-term also aims to discourage moms or doctors to schedule early c section.
4:1'34:238 It is very challenging to count accurately the number of cells in our body. So scientists decide to just estimate the number of cells. However, even with estimation, the range of numbers of cells is very wide.
5: 1'44:332 When scientists calculate cells by weight or volume, the difference is huge. Moreover, different cells are packed in different way and size. So scientists count cells by different kinds.
6:1'55: 288 Different people have different amount of cells. Scientists try to build different organs to calculate the cells. However, author says people with different medical problem have also different amount of cells. After all, it is difficult to estimate the number of cells in our body. However, 34 trillions of cells are able to corporate our body for decades.
7:6'50: 1102: How scientists create better microscope to observe cells.
作者: crystal9291 时间: 2013-10-30 01:57
占个坑，明天有时间再补。。好晚了 还有几天就G了可是还好乱。。
加油！
作者: 捉妖 时间: 2013-10-30 06:37
crystal9291 发表于 2013-10-30 01:57
占个坑，明天有时间再补。。好晚了 还有几天就G了可是还好乱。。 加油！ ...
加油~~~ 祝好
作者: 飞天傻兔 时间: 2013-10-30 10:29
AceJ 发表于 2013-10-29 21:26
可以先从主体框架开始~关键还是要弄懂文章的整体结构和逻辑思路
谢谢指导~！
作者: hyhy7 时间: 2013-10-30 21:06
3’39‘’384w
an interesting but a little pessimistic article about AI robot
2’14‘’343w
“full term”narrows form 5 weeks to 2 weeks
1‘17’‘238w
short warmup and introduce a new study about the estimated number of cells in the Human body
1’43‘’332w
specify the way to estimate the number of cells
（^_^like a jar full of jellybeans）
1‘56’‘288w
more scientific significance
下次再也不敢连补三篇了。。那个jellybean真的有笑~~~
作者: michelle1025 时间: 2013-10-30 21:30
掌管 5 00:02:02.45 00:12:32.67
掌管 4 00:02:19.61 00:10:30.21
掌管 3 00:01:39.35 00:08:10.60
掌管 2 00:02:41.59 00:06:31.25
掌管 1 00:03:49.65 00:03:49.65
作者: angelina30205 时间: 2013-10-31 09:29
【Time 2】
Our final invention, artificial intelligence is a controversy issue, for the assumption of robots' friendly relationship with human beings.
【Time 3】
The definition of full term has changed from 5 weeks to 2 weeks, which can be clarified by the real data. Even though the ballpark is always accurate about the healthy full-term window, 39 weeks, some professional advice is offered that pregnancy period shouldn't be shorten for trivial reasons.
WINDOW:a period of time when you can do something:
e.g I've got a window on Friday when I could see you.
out (of) the window INFORMAL
used for saying that you stop doing something or using something completely:
e.g When money is mentioned, principles go out of the window.
It's important not just to throw reason out the window.???
CHAGRIN: a feeling of disappointment, upset, or annoyance, perhaps because of your own failure. (WRITTEN) (FORMAL)
e.g Much to my chagrin, I confine myself in a house for extra studies for long while others try to work for their dreams and relieve their parents' economic burdons.
【Time 4】
No precise answer is offered to "How many cells are in the human body". And it is ripe for research.
【Time 5】
Two specious methods to estimate the total number in the human body. One is via weight, the other is via volume. Yet different cells have different weight and volume, so the scientist need to come up with another feasible solution.
【Time 6】
Another unavoidable consideration, the varying size of cells, is enumerated. In the end, the passage illustrates some reasons for the estimation of the total cells, such as curiosity, the need for future artificial organs and the diagnosis of humans' health condition.
BEARING: If something has a bearing on a situation or event, it is relevant to it.
e.g Experts generally agree that diet has an important bearing on your general health.
But they see their estimate as an opportunity for a collaboration–perhaps through an online database assembled by many experts on many different body parts–to zero in on a better estimate. ？？？
【Time7】
The passage illustrates two new microscropes with advanced technologies to observe the moving cells. One is equipped with iSIM, which resolves the blur images and eliminates the computer-processing time of images. The other is equipped with diSPIM, which combats the damage of light exposure during photography.
RESOLUTION: The resolution of an image is how clear the image is. (TECHNICAL)
e.g The machine gives us such high resolution that we can see very small specks of calcium.
作者: Vicky94 时间: 2013-10-31 13:58
Speaker
Cyberchondria based on online information
To handle uncertainty==》research==》anxiety increase==》people with intolerant and uncertainty can alleviate the anxiety by use the cognitive strategies.
Speed
Time2 -- 3’09
Time3 -- 2’28
Time4 – 1’09
Counting all of cells in the body is not practical. A latest study is ripe for research.
Time5 – 2’05
The results are different based on volume and weigh, because cells grow in different density. Scientist estimate the total number of each kind of cells.
Time6 – 2’27
Obstacle – 6‘54
Two different microscopes.
1. high resolution when the sample move rapidly
2. illuminate the sample with a thin beam of light.
作者: Vicky94 时间: 2013-10-31 13:59
AceJ 发表于 2013-10-29 21:25
别着急哈~，可以先从记住文章的主题框架开始
谢谢哈~~
作者: Vicky94 时间: 2013-10-31 14:01
捉妖 发表于 2013-10-29 12:17
我也是~~ 我回忆好多是第二遍精读的时候一段一段补上的 ..
坚持就好了，慢慢就能一目十行过目 ...
谢谢捉妖~~ :-)
作者: AceJ 时间: 2013-10-31 20:03
Vicky94 发表于 2013-10-31 13:59
谢谢哈~~
加油~有什么具体的问题可以再探讨
作者: lexiyanou 时间: 2013-11-1 08:48
[T2]2:10
with the development of science and technology, AI could be self-thinking which might threaten human life and we need to think how to coexist with hyperintelligent machines at the early creation stage.
[T3]2:18
the new definition of babies' born time is opposite to the old definition that all babies born during that five-week window were equally healthy, therefore, important time shouldn't be cut short.
[T4]1:12
the group of scientists can still not answer the question how to count the number of cells in human body even based on previous research results.
[T5]1:47
because of different sizes and densities of cells, the results of number of cells that scientists estimates based on weight and volume are different.
[T6]1:42
the common estimate is wrong but it is considered as an opportunity for collaboration;new study finds that the difference of number of cells between healthy and disease organs;and some 34 trillion cells can cooperate for decades.
[T7]7:07
MI:Researchers at NIH have developed two new microscopes.
Structure:
1) the first one is helpful to look at smaller and smaller things. The problem: the higher the resolution; the harder to eliminate the blur from both light diffraction<---solution:developed a microscope with better lenses and mirrors .
2)The second microscope builds on selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM).The problem:light exposure<---solution:a dual-view SPIM (diSPIM) microscope with two separate detection cameras
Conclusion: 3-dimensional biology will benefit scientists understand more.
作者: dianadai0029 时间: 2013-11-1 15:45
补作业的默默飘过，谢谢妖妖的文章！
Part I Main idea
Part II
[Time 2] 2:44[384words]
B(a writer) reilluminated the term "AI (Artificial Intelligence) ", and he reckoned that new AI model will be self efficiency, ?,and collect self energy source, as a result, it will destroy the planet.
[Time 3]2:25 [343Words]
Old definition: babies are born around 5 weeks more or less than 40 weeks will be define healthy.
New idea: shorten the 5 weeks into 2 weeks. because scientists found there are subtle risks for the early term babies.
[Time 4] 1:27[Words]
One can't count how many cell does an person have, even scientist could only give a wide range of the cell number, which is between 5b-200tri. A Team are now researching this topic.
[Time 5]1:38 [332Words]
If simply using weight and volume to count the cell numbers, we could get huge different results. Now, the team uses method of dividing cells by different organs and functions to calculate the cells. The answer is about 37trillion cells.
[Time 6]1:54 [288Words]
Though it is not the final answer, but it is a good start for further study that enables people to understand different organs during the cure process. There are still many variables that can affect the cell number, such as the physical condition.
Part III
[Time 7]8:01[1105Words]
Scientists studied on the technology development of microscope.
There are two primary issues: images blur, and high speed.
Several technologies developed to solve these problems. SIM iSIM? SPIMdiSPIM. The original working methodology is similar with that of Photoshop. Biology needs 3D images.
There are still some questions need to be answer, such as how the brain cells developed?
作者: GillSun 时间: 2013-11-1 22:06
Thanks
============
Time 2 1'59''
AI is a double-edged sword.
Time 3 1'58''
New definitions of arrival window.
Time 4 1'09''
It's difficult to count the number of cells in human body. A reserach team is now tackling
the question.
Time 5 1'33''
Since cells are in different sizes and grow in different densities, the new panel decides to
estimate the number by using organ and cell types.
Time 6 1'36''
Obstacle 6'04'' 2 new developed microscope and their applications.
作者: Arielindo 时间: 2013-11-2 15:23
time2 3:40”
-Because the advanced technology, AI robot might be more smarter than human being. Therefore creators of AI robot have to identify the role of it in our society, otherwise our world might out of control.
time 3 3:01”
-the author describes that during pregnant period,it can divided into several terms such as early term, full term, late term and post term. If a baby born in the early term, 37 weeks, he or she is difficult to survive. The latest definition rebels against the early definition that until the last minutes the baby still growing, mother should not give a birth too early due to some unimportant reasons.
time 4 2:20”
-discusses about how many cells in your body. It is hard to count due to logistic problem. The scientists, from Italy, Greek and so no tried to figure out this question.
time 5 2:22”
-Instead count the cells one by one, the scientist approach the answer by measuring the weight or volume of body. it also can divided into different organs and tisses and bones. The scientist mentions one number but it is still not the final answer.
time 6 2:06”
-describes how to count cells in different part of body. 34 trillion cells can work for ten years.
time 7 8:50”
Main idea: The scientists use the latest 3D microscope to exam the cells in order to understand the working progress and role of cells in the brain.
作者: TaoRs92 时间: 2013-11-2 21:55
time:2:39.26
The introduction of the idea of AI--computer with intelligence.
Three points to be regarded as AI.
The prediction and future of this idea.Different opinions towards this idea.
_________
time:2:01.24
Old view:five weeks window(three weeks before due date and two weeks after due date),babies born in this period are considered to be equally healthy
New definition(narrow):before 39 weeks.39-40 weeks.41 weeks.42 weeks.Babies born before 39 weeks are considered to have high risk of poor outcomes.Narrow definiation is good for clinication and preganent women.
________
time:1:23.09
How many cells do people have?
Difficulties to number the cells:1 too many 2 logistical problems
A new finding may solve this problem:
find the problem--data and researchs before provided unreliable estimate--need more researchs
__________
time:1:46.25
two ways to estimate:1 by weight 2 by volume
these estimates fail because:people have different kinds of cells in different parts
the new finding's advantage:take into account the volume and density of cells,put them in different types,count separately and then put the numbers togethor to get a sum.
_____________
time:1:59.29
This problem is still remianing unsolved but has development.The combination of different data from various parts is benificail.
Buiding models of different organisms.
Bearing medical conditions.
The significance:understand the evolusion of cells.
__________
time:7:12.34
The introduction of two new microscopes.
1 microscope that can give more clearer images faster(better rosolusion+high speed)
old microscope:SIM--either has high resolution with low speed or has high speed with low resolution
new microscope:iSIM--high resolution with high speed,as well as smaller occupation space
2 microscope that can take 3-dimentional images without damaging the cells
old microscope:SPIM--in order to cope with the problem that cells will be damaged if expose to too much light,the microscope uses lighter light but rotates the cells more so the possbility of cells' damage is also more.
new microscope:diSPIM--dual microscope,not need to rotate the cells or take the images many times.but has a prblem--the development of better software
the significane of the inventment:better see and study small cells--cancer cells/brain develpment
The research is carrying on...
作者: jokerking 时间: 2013-11-2 22:58
speed: 2.50 2.15 1.23 1.52 1.48
obstacle: 7.28
firstly introduce one breakthrough of the microscope that can capture high speed movement of organisms, then introduce a new 3-D microscope can decrease the amount of harmful light exposure to the cell, and how these two devices can help our biology research.
作者: WindyMM 时间: 2013-11-3 20:23
其实还是觉得sss很赞的！篇幅长的实在是没有耐心听下去。。。
Rephrase1: Internat search of the health problem will increase the uncertainty and anxiety.
TIME2: 02:51
People create more and more artificially intelligence machines and someone argues that if we do not prepare how to coexist with the superintelligence guys, the self-controlled machines will disorder the life of plant.
TIME3: 02:21
New definition of “full term” of pregnant which narrows five weeks range to two weeks.
TIME4: 01:31
We can not easily answer the question that how many cells in human body because we can hardly observe all cells.
TIME5: 01:58
The way to count cell numbers according to weight or volume is not reliable, and one group of scientists try to count cells by different tissues in human body.
TIME6: 01:51
The estimated numbers of cells can vary from different situations in our organs.
Paraphrase7: 07:19
There are two new types of microscopes.
The first microscope can provide the image in high speed, and also capture the small cells images. However, the high speed limits the analysis of live cells movements.
Scientists change the SIM to iSIM which use more clearer camera lenses and mirrors to show the movement of the cells in high speed situation.
The second microscope provides the 3-D of cells while the light will not hurt the organs because it uses two sets of lights to illuminate the cells.
Due to the 3-D modeling will decrease the speed, scientists also use iSIM to move faster.
Also, the 3-D microscope reduce the complicated software processing of the image in the past.
第一次看生化类文章这么一气呵成，enjoy~~~
作者: JennyF 时间: 2013-11-4 07:39
谢谢捉妖～～～～辛苦啦～～
2'36
2'04
1'23
1'47
2'00
7'56-innovations in microscopes& the impact on the development of biology.
- the clearer image,
- got one problem-hard to eliminate blur between light diffraction& motion inside the cell
- iSIM: three dimensions- record the data
- SPIM: solve the light issue
- the significant impact on biology- two much we don't know& better observation will help.
作者: allan.zhu 时间: 2013-11-16 14:17
2'20 [165WPM] Scientists are trying to develope the artificial
intelligence but some are worried about the future that may be
dominated by the AI.
2'28 [139WPM] A new defination of born term is set up to avoid the born
selection.
1'26 [166WPM] It is hard to count the number of cell in a human body.
1'38 [204WPM] Different kinds of cells have different weight and size,
so you will get very diversed result using different kinds of cells to
calculate. The group of scientists try to calculate the number using
different parts of the body.
2'09 [134WPM] The benefit to figure out the number of the cells in
human body.
6'57 [159WPM]
Main idea: Introducing two new kinds of scientific camera
Author's Attitude: +
Structure:
1. Two new camera, first one can capture the fast moving objects,
second one can display the large cell in three demension.
2. Introduce the origin of the new cameras.
3. Introduce the meaning of the new cameras.
作者: 捉妖 时间: 2013-11-17 00:45
枣糕兔 发表于 2013-10-29 00:22
谢谢捉妖！早上逃课来读~（喂喂）
补作业看到你~
好像逃课&补作业这件事还有一半没做完哦...
作者: 捉妖 时间: 2013-11-17 00:48
limin501 发表于 2013-10-29 16:14
Time 2people hope make a machine as intelligent as humanbrain. But long before that ,the machine wil ...
Time 4
It is difficult to count how many cells inyour body, but a team of scientists admit that they can tackle this question.
科学家可没有这么说~~我要转发500次~
作者: neverbluelala 时间: 2013-11-17 10:11
Native Speaker 27-02
Speed:
1.3'43[384]
2.2'42[343]
3.1'48[238]
4.2'22[332]
5.2'15[288]
Obstacle:
6.10'11[1105]
作者: limin501 时间: 2013-11-17 11:37
捉妖 发表于 2013-11-17 00:48
Time 4
It is difficult to count how many cells inyour body, but a team of scientists admit that th ...
尼玛。。。。。。。。
你还活着啊。。。好吧，我错了。。。
作者: 捉妖 时间: 2013-11-17 20:36
limin501 发表于 2013-11-17 11:37
尼玛。。。。。。。。你还活着啊。。。好吧，我错了。。。
虽生犹死
作者: kimwang53 时间: 2013-11-17 20:52
2.28
2.22
1.15
1.50
1.48
作者: 枣糕兔 时间: 2013-11-19 08:50
捉妖 发表于 2013-11-17 00:45
补作业看到你~
好像逃课&补作业这件事还有一半没做完哦...
TUT都统计27系列了我才看到………………
这个系列彻底缺席我果然是要挨板子的节奏……
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