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标题: 求教OG 13 SC 65，不是Ving的问题。而是than的问题。谢谢！ [打印本页]

作者: raylu1987 时间: 2012-12-15 18:35
标题: 求教OG 13 SC 65，不是Ving的问题。而是than的问题。谢谢！
Digging in sediments in northern China, evidence has been gathered by scientists suggesting that complex life-forms emerged much earlier than they had previously thought.

原题的答案是
C scientists have gathered evidence suggesting that complex life-forms emerged much earlier than

我的疑惑是，than后面是previously thought，和前面所比较的complex life-forms emerged不是同类啊。是否可以理解成为因为previously thought也是scientists，所以省略了主语？

但是我最大的疑惑在D选项：
D scientists have gathered evidence that suggests a much earlier emergence of complex life-forms than that which was

OG上给出的错误原因是：
1、emergence这里用名词不如动词。why？
2、suggests a much earlier emergence 不清楚。How？
3、that which 插在previously thought前，“not only redundant but incorrect English”。
怎么就incorrect了呢？我的理解是that指代出现的时间，which引导定语从句。不行吗？

请N人们解惑！谢谢！

作者: raylu1987 时间: 2012-12-17 15:39
呃。。。没有高人可以解答一下吗？……

作者: lifeforest 时间: 2012-12-18 11:24
借你的问题，OG解释C说了“It also uses a parallel active form of the verb emerge..." 这里的parallel active 是跟谁parallel??

作者: icewaterkira 时间: 2013-1-1 12:00
先试着回答你第一个问题：个人感觉在这里的情况是比较结构的状语比较，是时间状语的相互比较，在状语比较的过程中可以省略主谓结构，省略的前提是than后面的时间状语结构必须在前文中已经出现过，虽然形式上不一定相同，但是状语所表达的含义具有一定的可比性。og13 42
42. To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographerswould have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical determinants of fertility.
这个题目中由于than前面没有时间状语跟now相对应，所以后面要补出they do。
1.建议lz先看一下manhattan的sc改错第五版，在论坛里面有下载的。
在concision里面第11章中有提到，在使用的过程中：verb>adj>n
2.suggests a much earlier emergence的这种表达方法不如c选项中利用从句的表达更加清楚。
3.that which 插在previously thought前这种用法在og里面我就没见过对的时候。。。明显不对，好像就没有过这种用法。举个例子：that和which都是引导从句的，比如用which引导定语从句，前面就要有相应的名词，这样which前面是that是错误的用法。这个结构错误点还有很多。

作者: icewaterkira 时间: 2013-1-1 12:04
我感觉在这里emerged在这里只能跟than后面的thought平行了。因为首先emerge在that引导的从句当中，肯定不可能跟主句的动词gather平行，所以只能跟thought平行了。

作者: li3360065 时间: 2013-1-1 13:51
同一种东西只要是时间上的区别就可以省略主谓什么的。当心陷阱比如说 in 1900 than 1991 ，缺少个 in 。

作者: xueluanfei 时间: 2013-1-19 11:15

先试着回答你第一个问题：个人感觉在这里的情况是比较结构的状语比较，是时间状语的相互比较，在状语比较的过程中可以省略主谓结构，省略的前提是than后面的时间状语结构必须在前文中已经出现过，虽然形式上不一定相同，但是状语所表达的含义具有一定的可比性。og13 42
42. To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographerswould have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economicaldeterminants of fertility.
这个题目中由于than前面没有时间状语跟now相对应，所以后面要补出they do。
1.建议lz先看一下manhattan的sc改错第五版，在论坛里面有下载的。
在concision里面第11章中有提到，在使用的过程中：verb>adj>n
2.suggests a much earlier emergence的这种表达方法不如c选项中利用从句的表达更加清楚。
3.that which 插在previously thought前这种用法在og里面我就没见过对的时候。。。明显不对，好像就没有过这种用法。举个例子：that和which都是引导从句的，比如用which引导定语从句，前面就要有相应的名词，这样which前面是that是错误的用法。这个结构错误点还有很多。

-- by 会员 icewaterkira (2013/1/1 12:00:38)

看了这个解释还是觉得不大明白。。继续求教。。。
1.原题正确选项带入是：Digging in sediments in northern China, scientists have gathered evidence suggesting that complex life-forms emerged much earlier than previously thought.
这里如果是在比较时间状语，那所比较的时间状语是什么呢？并没有出现now...when...这种时间状语的词啊。。。难道是earlier? earlier不是形容词么。。
另外还疑惑previously tought，这个tought由于被副词previously修饰，应该是个动词。。如果后面补出了动词。。感觉是在比较动词，，但是前面又找不到可以跟thought比较的东东。。。求助求助

2. To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographerswould have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical determinants of fertility.
这句话感觉是在比较名词的样子。。补出来是：
demographerswould have to know a great deal（n.所比较的名词，表示knowledge之类的东东） more than （the knowledge )they do now about the social and economical determinants of fertility.
感觉是在比较a great deal (knowledege) 和后面被省略的名词（knowledge)..因为这个名词已经很清楚了，所以就省略了，只是补出了动词表示前面的虚拟语态和后面的现在时在时态上的差别。
感觉理解的很纠结啊，，请一针见血的指出错误。。。

作者: yiqing2012 时间: 2013-1-19 12:33

-- by 会员 xueluanfei (2013/1/19 11:15:52)

先谈谈对previously thought的看法，除了than previously thought,类似的还有than usual/ ever before/ previously expected/previously estimated/ anticipated…等

等。很多人对这种比较提出过补充，有的补充为what was thought,有的补充为it/they was/were thought,总的来说学术界的定论并不明显（我查过有关的论文资料，中间提出过一些很专业的知识，反正我是没有看懂。。。），总之可见这种比较不同于其他，是一种很特殊的比较，所以不能按平常看待比较的方法来看这类比较。（之前看过几个大神的比较，bat的总结里也把它归为一类很特殊的比较：觉得bat对比较总结的非常好，你可以看看，在附件里，我记得好像有一处的理解有点错误，不太记得是那个地方了，但是应该不影响做题）
对于第二个句子，我个人觉得你补充错了，它比较的是句子或者说是时间，如果完整的话是：demographers would have to know a great deal more than they know(do) nowabout the social and economical determinants of fertility.其中 would 暗含了时间，所以不用完全点明，和now形成对比（这点bat总结里也提到了~）

作者: yiqing2012 时间: 2013-1-19 12:44

Digging in sediments in northern China, evidence has been gathered by scientists suggesting that complex life-forms emerged much earlier than they had previously thought.

原题的答案是
C scientists have gathered evidence suggesting that complex life-forms emerged much earlier than

我的疑惑是，than后面是previously thought，和前面所比较的complex life-forms emerged不是同类啊。是否可以理解成为因为previously thought也是scientists，所以省略了主语？

但是我最大的疑惑在D选项：
D scientists have gathered evidence that suggests a much earlier emergence of complex life-forms than that which was

OG上给出的错误原因是：
1、emergence这里用名词不如动词。why？
2、suggests a much earlier emergence 不清楚。How？
3、that which 插在previously thought前，“not only redundant but incorrect English”。
怎么就incorrect了呢？我的理解是that指代出现的时间，which引导定语从句。不行吗？

请N人们解惑！谢谢！

-- by 会员 raylu1987 (2012/12/15 18:35:48)

我之前问过XDF老师，他的解答是which前面要加逗号，但是个人觉得这不是最大的原因，因为gmat没有完全否定which做限制定从，而且按这个说法OG对E的解答也说不通。我看了ron对that指代的看法：if you're going to use "that" to REPLACE a noun, then it needs to be followed by a MODIFIER, not a “subject + verb”.
e.g.
the population of argentina is more than ten times that of uruguay.
--> correct.here, "that" actually REPLACES "population" (which is omitted from that second construction as a result). appropriately, it's followed by “of uruguay”, a prepositional phrase modifier.
The total money i have is twice that you have.
incorrect -- this "that" is not a relative pronoun such as the one above.

觉得第二句其实和本句话有点类似，因为把第二句改一下就是twice that which you have.
但是我并不肯定，open to discussion~~

作者: xueluanfei 时间: 2013-1-19 20:44

-- by 会员 xueluanfei (2013/1/19 11:15:52)

-- by 会员 yiqing2012 (2013/1/19 12:33:18)

牛人。同意第一点，今天看千行也看到bat关于这个类型的总结了！
第二点保留意见，大家快来各抒己见，我先去把你推荐的文档看了再回来！谢谢帮忙！

作者: HyeHye 时间: 2013-5-20 06:44

xueluanfei 发表于 2013-1-19 11:15
先试着回答你第一个问题：个人感觉在这里的情况是比较结构的状语比较，是时间状语的相互比较，在状语比 ...

我先把OG13-42原题完整贴出来
To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic determinants of fertility.
(A) have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic
(B) have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical
(C) would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical
(D) would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic
(E) would have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic
分析：
(B)(C)economical 节约的词用错了
(A)... demographers have to know a great deal more than now about ... ；(E)... demographers would have to know a great deal more than now about ... 因为省略的they do，也就变为 a great deal与now比较(即省略了主谓，而成为状语间的比较)。
选项(D), 应该是整个句意之间demographers would have to know a great deal与they do now about ...；也可理解为：因为demographers和they的谓语时态的不同，所以前后都需要补出谓语动词，而因为谓语动词的补出，主语也必须要补出。
希望进一步讨论

作者: derekd0331 时间: 2013-9-3 09:51

作者: Hendy 时间: 2014-12-31 00:41

yiqing2012 发表于 2013-1-19 12:33
看了这个解释还是觉得不大明白。。继续求教。。。1.原题正确选项带入是：Digging in sediments in north ...

对，前人关于这种状语比较已经总结的狠清晰了

作者: Hendy 时间: 2014-12-31 00:43

HyeHye 发表于 2013-5-20 06:44
我先把OG13-42原题完整贴出来
To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers have to kn ...

关键要理解作者写这句话的愿意，是比较什么，跳出语法看语义

作者: XeldonXXXX 时间: 2015-4-29 12:57
可能是than thought 和as soon as possible、than usual、than ever等一样属于习惯用法吧

作者: jessicamss 时间: 2015-9-27 14:36
考古到了这一题，找到了国外网站上牛人老师的解释，贴一下：

First of all, look at the split "evidence that" vs. "evidence which" ---- which of these two is correct? See these two posts:
http://magoosh.com/gmat/2012/that-vs-which-on-the-gmat/
http://magoosh.com/gmat/2012/gmat-gramm ... modifiers/
The fact that there is no comma following the word "evidence" means that the modifier following it is a vital noun modifier, a.k.a. a restrictive modifier. The GMAT always uses "that" for restrictive/vital modifiers, and always uses "which" for non-restrictive/non-vital modifiers. Thus, the "which" is wrong here: that's one problem with (E).

Here's the larger issue. Think about it this way. Let's state the sentence without dropping any of the repeated words in parallel. Let's pretend we can't omit anything and have to state everything explicitly. Then, we would have:

Digging in sediments in northern China, scientists have gathered evidence suggesting that complex life-forms emerged much earlier than when complex life-forms were previously thought to emerge.

Clearly, that's very awkward and much too long. We are allowed to drop everything among those orange words that are a repeat or are obvious form context. The only piece that is truly different from the part before the word "than" is "previously thought", so that's all we need.

(C) ..... than previously thought. Clear, concise, unambiguous, and grammatically correct.
(D) ..... than that which was previously thought --- very wordy, and it's unclear to what the word "that" refers
(E) ..... than that previously thought -- it's unclear to what the word "that" refers.
Think about "that previously thought" --- to what does the "that" refer? What exactly is "previously thought"? What did the scientist think at an earlier time? This really refers to the verb, to the action of the verb "emerged" --- previously, scientists thought that these critters emerged later, and now the evidence suggest that they emerged earlier. The entire comparison revolves around the verb --- when did they emerge. We cannot use the pronoun "that" to refer to the action of a verb. If we want to use "that" correctly, we would have to change around the whole sentence -----

..... gathered evidence suggesting that complex life-forms had an emergence that was much earlier than that previously thought.

Now, that version is an abominable trainwreck. Even in this version, that word "that" is entirely optional --- the phrase "than previously thought" is still 100% correct by itself, but at least in this sentence, the "that" isn't absolutely wrong when it's included, because there's a clear noun antecedent. In choices (D) & (E), the word "that" is 100% wrong, because it is trying to refer to the action of a verb, which is not allowed.

This is why (C) is not only the best answer but the only possible answer.

作者: yklyykly 时间: 2016-9-27 10:12

jessicamss 发表于 2015-9-27 14:36
考古到了这一题，找到了国外网站上牛人老师的解释，贴一下：

First of all, look at the split "evidence ...

谢谢！！！！收益

作者: 大大刀 时间: 2023-4-11 19:38

XeldonXXXX 发表于 2015-4-29 12:57
可能是than thought 和as soon as possible、than usual、than ever等一样属于习惯用法吧

作者: 大大刀 时间: 2023-4-11 19:40

jessicamss 发表于 2015-9-27 14:36
考古到了这一题，找到了国外网站上牛人老师的解释，贴一下：

First of all, look at the split "evidence ...

同意！

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