求教OG56 关于修饰语的问题

56.   Architects and stonemasons, huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya without benefit of the wheel or animal transport.

(A) huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya without benefit of the wheel or animal transport

(B) without the benefits of animal transport or the wheel, huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya

(C) the Maya built huge palace and temple clusters without the benefit of animal transport or the wheel

(D) there were built, without the benefit of the wheel or animal transport, huge palace and temple clusters by the Maya（C）

(E) were the Maya who, without the benefit of the wheel or animal transport, built huge palace and temple clusters

(A) without benefit of the wheel or animal transport

(B) without the benefits of animal transport or the wheel

(C) without the benefit of animal transport or the wheel

(D) without the benefit of the wheel or animal transport

(E) without the benefit of the wheel or animal transport

尽管OG没有把这一个点解释出来，但我认为也是判断的依据之一。C的正确是否在于without+the(n) or the (n)这种对称呢？

比如说B/D为什么不对，我解释不清楚

D为什么不能看成the wheel 和animal transport并列，从属于the benifit呢

这里不是语法正确与否的问题 ，而是句子通顺与否，GM里面有很多选项是语法完全正确的，但或者把原句意思作了细微改动，或者放回原文不够通畅，所以尽管语法正确也是不恰当的。

56.   Architects and stonemasons, huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya without benefit of the wheel or animal transport.

楼主有没有注意到划线前面的部分？建筑家和石器匠，出现在句首的独立名词成分显然是主语同位语，通过主语同位语我们可以判断主语就是这些相当于建筑家和石器匠的人，而原句主语是建筑。这是个明显的错误。只此一点既可排除其他所有选项而选择C了。

现在说其他各项，假如抛开主语同位语这个因素不管，单说原句为什么不恰当，使用被动态有两种可能，一是要强调被动，二是施动者无法确定或无关紧要。这里有施动者，而且没有强调受动者的意思。最主要的是，如果使用被动态，原句主语过长，头重脚轻，而且修饰谓语动词的with状语本来应该紧接在被修饰动作之后，却被接在谓语后面的施动者分开了。整个句子结构松散混乱。

B项的错误是最明显的头重脚轻。

D项本身就是病句。there be句里面居然没有主语。假设是抄错了，原句是they，还是病句，中间如果理解为插入语，前面有主语谓语，插入语后面只可能剩下一部分状语by the Maya。但这里后面居然还有一个主语。明显是错的。

architects and stonemason, the maya

怎么读起来挺别扭，感觉是几个名词的罗列，而且前面两个修饰maya。