大全292

dreadpower · 发表于 2004-2-15 22:16:00

1. Federal authorities involved in the investigation have found the local witnesses are difficult to locate, reticent, and are suspicious of strangers.

(C) that local witnesses are difficult to locate, reticent, and

(E) that local witnesses are difficult to locate and reticent, and they are

答案是C，这个没问题

但我觉得E也没什么问题，请教大家为什么E错

ecsniffer · 发表于 2004-2-15 22:47:00

简洁的角度？？？

dreadpower · 发表于 2004-2-16 22:51:00

大家还有什么看法吗？？

turtlechen · 发表于 2004-2-17 01:24:00

ffice

ffice" />

这是ETS惯用的伎俩。

代词前面有两个以上名词，而容易造成岐义。

They 可以指代authorities 或 local witnesses

tianwan · 发表于 2004-2-17 11:06:00

292 Federal authorities involved in the investigation have found the local witnesses are difficult to locate, reticent, and are suspicious of strangers.fficeffice" />

(A) the local witnesses are difficult to locate, reticent, and are

(B) local witnesses to be difficult to locate, reticent, and are

(C) that local witnesses are difficult to locate, reticent, and

(D) local witnesses are difficult to locate and reticent, and they are

(E) that local witnesses are difficult to locate and reticent, and they are

E的问题：

1. reticent means taciturn or silent, so it is illogical to say: witnesses are difficult to reticent.

2. Furthermore, they could refer to authorities or witnesses, and they are could parallel with authorities have found and witnesses are, so that the sentence means something confusing in E.

dreadpower · 发表于 2004-2-17 22:12:00

         感谢tianwan兄解答。我是查字典才知道了reticent 的意思，我问这个问题，是想知道如果我不知道reticent 的意思，我该怎么解答这个题目？

         我发现，假设我不知道reticent 的意思，我很可能选E

         关于代词的问题，我稍有不同看法：SC中代词指代应该按照逻辑意思来指代

            比如OG-227：

         227.    Judicial    rules    in    many    states    require    that the identi-ties of all prosecution witnesses are made known to defendants so they can attempt to rebut the    testimony,    but    the    Constitution    explicitly    requires    only    that    the    defendant    have    the    opportunity    to    confront    an    accuser    in    court.
(A)    that    the    identities    of    all    prosecution    witnesses    are    made    known    to    defendants    so    they    can    attempt    to    rebut
(B)    that    the    identities    of    all    prosecution    witnesses    be    made    known    to    defendants    so    that    they    can    attempt    to    rebut
(C)    that    the    defendants    should    know    the    identities    of    all    prosecution    witnesses    so    they    can    attempt    a    rebuttal    of
(D)    the    identities    of    all    prosecution    witnesses    should    be    made    known    to    defendants    so    they    can    attempt    rebutting
(E)    making    known    to    defendants    the    identities    of    all    prosecution    witnesses    so    that    they    can    attempt    to    rebut

                 答案是B，但是B中的they也有歧义，所以代词应该按照逻辑意思来指代，由此看来，E选项中的they最多就是不清楚，而不能被认为是错的

                     个人观点，大家讨论

tangyi79 · 发表于 2004-2-18 01:38:00

以下是引用dreadpower在2004-2-17 22:12:00的发言：
         感谢tianwan兄解答。我是查字典才知道了reticent 的意思，我问这个问题，是想知道如果我不知道reticent 的意思，我该怎么解答这个题目？

         我发现，假设我不知道reticent 的意思，我很可能选E

         关于代词的问题，我稍有不同看法：SC中代词指代应该按照逻辑意思来指代

            比如OG-227：

         227.    Judicial    rules    in    many    states    require    that the identi-ties of all prosecution witnesses are made known to defendants so they can attempt to rebut the    testimony,    but    the    Constitution    explicitly    requires    only    that    the    defendant    have    the    opportunity    to    confront    an    accuser    in    court.
(A)    that    the    identities    of    all    prosecution    witnesses    are    made    known    to    defendants    so    they    can    attempt    to    rebut
(B)    that    the    identities    of    all    prosecution    witnesses    be    made    known    to    defendants    so    that    they    can    attempt    to    rebut
(C)    that    the    defendants    should    know    the    identities    of    all    prosecution    witnesses    so    they    can    attempt    a    rebuttal    of
(D)    the    identities    of    all    prosecution    witnesses    should    be    made    known    to    defendants    so    they    can    attempt    rebutting
(E)    making    known    to    defendants    the    identities    of    all    prosecution    witnesses    so    that    they    can    attempt    to    rebut

                 答案是B，但是B中的they也有歧义，所以代词应该按照逻辑意思来指代，由此看来，E选项中的they最多就是不清楚，而不能被认为是错的

                     个人观点，大家讨论

B中的they肯定是指代人

所以前面的复数名词defendants没有问题。

从句的主语中心词identities，非人。

整个句子的主语judicial rules，非人。

所以they只能指代defendants，没有歧义。

tianwan · 发表于 2004-2-18 01:46:00

大全292的C也有可能被看成 difficult to locate, reticent and suspicious of, 即difficult to locate, difficult to reticent and difficult to suspicious of, 但是从句意理解，上述的误解会很容易被排除。即使reticent含义不明确，locate是动词，suspicious是形容词，加上逗号和suspicious前的and, C中正确的并列关系还是很明显的。
E中的reticent也可以被看成与difficult并列，但是locate and reticent表现出了比difficult和reticent更紧密的并列关系。所以，所谓的混淆是指易于混淆，而不是绝对会混淆。请不要机械的理解。
C的结构是不易于混淆的，而E的结构是易于混淆的。
即使reticent的含义不明确，E的,and they are很容易和主句并列，而不是和宾语从句的前半部分the local witnesses are并列，易于造成混淆。 E和C比较，C意思更明确。
再即使E以上的问题都排除，我们也只能说E和C同样准确的表达了意思。C更简洁，C比E好。而且difficult, reticent and suspicious of 共用主语the local witnesses, 完全没有必要用they are却引导suspicious of, they是重复和多余的，必须要省略掉。

至于OG227的B, 代入句子后是：
Judicial rules in many states require that the identities of all prosecution witnesses be made known to defendants so that they can attempt to rebut the testimony, but the Constitution explicitly requires only that the defendant have the opportunity to confront an accuser in court.
So that后的they是人(attempt to rebut), 所以不会指代前面出现的rules和identities, 而witnesses是在of属格结构里的，所以they指代从句宾语defendants是很难引起歧义的。所谓的保证代词只有一个指代对象并不是指这个代词前面或（有时在后面）只有一个名词有相同的性和数，大部分情况下是这样的，但是英语与生俱来有这个矛盾，有些复杂句中不可避免的出现多个名词和一个代词有相同的性和数，这是必须要具体问题具体分析。象大全291的they前面的authorities(主句主语)和witnessess(宾语从句主语)都是主语和复数的人，they的指代肯定是歧义指代。
OG227中的they指代是清楚的，而大全292的指代是不清楚的。
虽然这样讨论有点钻牛角尖，但我觉得如果能准确的理解一些语法概念，会对我们熟练做题有很大的帮助。如果我们按照一些不成熟的所谓公理快速排除，可能会把我们有把握在1分40秒内搞定的题目在40秒内快速搞错。

（对227的分析，我没有从语法书上找到根据，从对大全291，292和OG227的正确答案中推导出来，还请指正）。

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-2-18 14:03:27编辑过]

turtlechen · 发表于 2004-2-18 02:13:00

ffice

ffice" />

关于OG227。

说老实话，OG最可爱的地方，就是当they可能有问题时，会发现每个答案都有they。因此就不会再考虑they的错误了！

dreadpower · 发表于 2004-2-18 11:22:00

严重感谢二位！！！看来，代词还需要总结了一下

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-2-18 11:23:55编辑过]

本贴相关题目 OG (UWHD)

相关帖子

更多相关帖子

大全292

大全292

所属分类: 下线版块

正在浏览此版块的会员 ()