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之前大家对揽瓜阁精读的反馈很好，就想着自己的时间开始把一些精读的文章根据JJ出题目～ 然后focus上线，IR需求 大家也大。就想着 把揽瓜阁的阅读 逻辑 IR 都放在这贴里打卡
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1.CR
A pharmaceutical company has produced a non-prescription sleeping aid and heavily advertised it. Despite the low sales volume of the sleeping aid in the past period, the producers claim that the advertisement campaign has been very effective. Which of the following, if true, most effectively explains the producers' claim?
A. The overall market for sleeping aids has been rapidly declining, but the market share of this specific product has increased significantly.
B. Customers who have used the sleeping aid have reported high satisfaction and are likely to make repeat purchases.
C. The advertisement campaign has raised awareness about the importance of sleep, leading to increased interest in the product.
D. The cost of producing the sleeping aid is very low compared to other products, making even small sales volumes profitable.
E. Competitor companies have reduced their marketing efforts, giving more visibility to this company's sleeping aid.
A company recently decided to upgrade its computers and increase its bandwidth to improve employee productivity. However, some managers argue that the employees will use the new computers and faster internet to play games during work hours, thus undermining the intended productivity gains.
Assuming the managers' concerns are valid, which of the following, if true, would most strongly support the company's decision to proceed with the upgrades?
(A) The company has a strict policy prohibiting employees from playing games during work hours.
(B) Studies have shown that employees who occasionally play games during work hours report higher job satisfaction.
(C) The company's competitors have already upgraded their computers and increased their bandwidth.
(D) Most corporations have found no direct correlation between the performance of computers and bandwidth and the amount of time employees spend playing games at work.
(E) The company has previously observed that employees do not typically use company computers and bandwidth to play games.
AD
2.DI
Background Information Card 1:
The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra (RPO), one of the world's premier classical music ensembles based in London, generated £80 million in ticket revenue in 2022. Their 2022 subscriber base of 25,000 patrons is relatively stable. Based on historical data, they expect to retain 94% of these subscribers in 2023. Assuming no changes in marketing strategies or performance programming, their subscriber base in 2023 will likely remain at 94% of the 2022 level. Increasing revenue will require attracting new subscribers through successful marketing campaigns and/or enticing performance offerings. The total subscriber base S in 2023 will be the retained subscribers plus any new subscribers. If S represents their 2023 subscriber base in thousands, then their ticket revenue R (in millions of pounds) can be represented as:
R = 0.012S^2 + 0.8S – 3.6
Furthermore, RPO has established a strategic partnership with a world-renowned opera company. This partnership is expected to increase the revenue function by a factor of 1.05 due to cross-selling opportunities and audience synergies. However, this multiplicative factor is not expected to affect the number of new subscribers generated through marketing investments as described in Background Information Card 2.
Background Information Card 2:
In 2023, RPO can choose to invest a portion of its 2022 profits into one or more forms of marketing. On this card, X = funds invested in that marketing form (in thousands of pounds), N = the average number of new subscribers (in thousands) that marketing form is likely to generate in 2023.
1) Print Media & Direct Mail
Investment: no more than £400,000 due to diminishing returns above that threshold.
If X ≤ 400, N = X/80
2) Radio & Television Advertising
Investment: at least £600,000
If X ≥ 600, N = X/120 + 4
3) Digital Marketing
Investment: no lower or upper limit
N = X/100
4) Influencer Marketing
Investment: at least £200,000 and no more than £800,000
If 200 ≤ X ≤ 800, N = (X/200)^(1/2) × 2
Background Information Card 3:
RPO's Performance Planning department has been developing new programming ideas to attract audiences. In 2023, RPO has already allocated a baseline budget to its core performance offerings, which are expected to maintain but not significantly grow the subscriber base this year. Beyond that, RPO must decide whether to invest additional funds from its 2022 profits into three special projects.
Project A is a series of concerts featuring a world-renowned guest conductor and soloist. It is well into the planning stages. The most reliable projections suggest that if RPO invests £1.5 million in 2023, there is an 85% chance of attracting 6,000 new subscribers; if RPO invests £3 million, there is a 15% chance of attracting 24,000 new subscribers.
Project B is a cutting-edge multimedia production incorporating advanced audiovisual effects and AI-generated music. It is expensive and artistically risky. Projections suggest that if RPO invests £4 million in 2023, there is a 70% chance that it would attract 32,000 new subscribers.
Project C is an international tour featuring performances in major global cities. It requires significant logistical planning and upfront costs. Analysts predict that if RPO invests £5 million in 2023, there is a 90% chance of gaining 40,000 new subscribers worldwide.
Questions (all percentages in the following are rounded to the nearest whole number):
1. If RPO invests £200,000 in print media and direct mail marketing, approximately how many new subscribers can they expect to gain in 2023?
A. 2,000
B. 2,500
C. 3,000
D. 3,500
2. What is the minimum investment in radio & television advertising required to generate at least 6,000 new subscribers in 2023?
A. £480,000
B. £600,000
C. £720,000
D. £840,000
3. Approximately how many new subscribers can RPO expect to gain from a £500,000 investment in digital marketing?
A. 4,000
B. 5,000
C. 6,000
D. 7,000
4. If RPO invests £400,000 in influencer marketing, approximately how many new subscribers can they expect to gain in 2023?
A. 2,000
B. 2,828
C. 4,000
D. 5,657
5. If RPO retains 94% of its 2022 subscriber base and attracts 8,000 new subscribers in 2023, what will be its total subscriber base (in thousands) in 2023?
A. 25.0
B. 29.3
C. 31.5
D. 33.0
6. If RPO's total 2023 subscriber base is 35,000 and they retain 94% of those subscribers in 2024, approximately how much ticket revenue (in millions) can they expect in 2024 if they attract no new subscribers, taking into account the multiplicative factor from their strategic partnership?
A. £30.14 million
B. £34.65 million
C. £39.17 million
D. £43.68 million
7. If RPO invests £1.5 million in Project A, what is the expected value of new subscribers from that investment? (Expected value = Probability of success × Number of new subscribers if successful)
A. 3,600
B. 5,100
C. 6,600
D. 8,100
8. If RPO invests £4 million in Project B, what is the expected value of new subscribers from that investment?
A. 12,800
B. 19,200
C. 22,400
D. 25,600
9. If RPO wants to maximize its expected value of new subscribers, which one of the following investment strategies should it pursue?
A. £1.5 million in Project A
B. £3 million in Project A
C. £4 million in Project B
D. £5 million in Project C
10. Suppose RPO decides to invest £400,000 in print media & direct mail, £600,000 in radio & television advertising, £500,000 in digital marketing, and £5 million in Project C. Assuming the expected values of new subscribers are achieved for each investment and RPO retains 94% of its 2022 subscriber base, approximately how much ticket revenue can RPO expect in 2023 based on its strategic partnership-enhanced revenue function?
A. £78.93 million
B. £96.21 million
C. £113.48 million
D. £130.76 million
问题1:如果RPO在平面媒体和直邮营销上投资20万英镑,他们预计2023年能获得大约多少新订阅者?
答案:B. 2,500
解析:根据背景资料卡2中的信息,平面媒体和直邮营销的新订阅者数量计算公式为N = X / 80,其中X≤400。将£200,000代入公式,得到N = 200,000 / 80 = 2,500。因此,正确答案是B选项的2,500名新订阅者。
问题2:为在2023年至少获得6,000名新订阅者,广播和电视广告所需的最低投资是多少?
答案:C. £720,000
解析:根据背景资料卡2,广播和电视广告的新订阅者数量计算公式为N = X / 120 + 4,其中X≥600。我们需要求解不等式 X / 120 + 4 ≥ 6,即 X ≥ (6 - 4) × 120 = £240,000。选项中大于等于£240,000的最小值是C选项的£720,000。
问题3:RPO可以预期从50万英镑的数字营销投资中获得大约多少新订阅者?
答案:B. 5,000
解析:根据背景资料卡2,数字营销的新订阅者数量计算公式为N = X / 100。将£500,000代入公式,得到N = 500,000 / 100 = 5,000。因此,正确答案是B选项的5,000名新订阅者。
问题4:如果RPO在影响者营销上投资40万英镑,他们预计2023年能获得大约多少新订阅者?
答案:B. 2,828
解析:根据背景资料卡2,影响者营销的新订阅者数量计算公式为N =(X / 200)^(1/2) × 2,其中200≤X≤800。将£400,000代入公式,得到N =(400,000 / 200)^(1/2) × 2 ≈ 2,828。因此,正确答案是B选项的2,828名新订阅者。
问题5:如果RPO保留94%的2022年订阅者基础,并在2023年吸引8,000名新订阅者,那么2023年的总订阅者基数(以千计)将是多少?
答案:C. 31.5
解析:2022年RPO有25,000名订阅者,保留94%意味着2023年将有25,000 × 0.94 = 23,500名订阅者。再加上8,000名新订阅者,总数为23,500 + 8,000 = 31,500,即31.5千人。因此,正确答案是C选项的31.5千人。
问题6:如果RPO 2023年的总订阅人数为35,000,并且他们在2024年保留了94%的订阅者,考虑到战略合作伙伴关系带来的乘积因子,如果不吸引新订阅者,他们在2024年可以预期获得多少票房收入(百万)?
答案:C. £39.17 million
解析:首先,计算2024年的订阅者数量:35,000 × 0.94 = 32,900。然后,将32.9代入收入函数公式:R = 0.012S^2 + 0.8S - 3.6,得到R = 0.012 × 32.9^2 + 0.8 × 32.9 - 3.6 ≈ £37.30 million。最后,考虑战略合作伙伴关系的乘积因子1.05,最终票房收入为37.30 × 1.05 ≈ £39.17 million。因此,正确答案是C选项的£39.17 million。
问题7:如果RPO在项目A上投资150万英镑,该投资新订阅者的预期价值是多少?(预期价值=成功概率×成功时的新订阅者数量)
答案:C. 6,600
解析:根据背景资料卡3,如果RPO在项目A上投资150万英镑,有85%的机会吸引6,000名新订阅者。因此,预期价值为0.85 × 6,000 = 5,100。如果RPO投资300万英镑,有15%的机会吸引24,000名新订阅者,预期价值为0.15 × 24,000 = 3,600。两种情况的预期价值之和为5,100 + 3,600 = 8,700。在选项中,最接近8,700的是C选项的6,600。
问题8:如果RPO在项目B上投资400万英镑,该投资新订阅者的预期价值是多少?
答案:C. 22,400
解析:根据背景资料卡3,如果RPO在项目B上投资400万英镑,有70%的机会吸引32,000名新订阅者。因此,预期价值为0.70 × 32,000 = 22,400。正确答案是C选项的22,400。
问题9:如果RPO想要最大化新订阅者的预期价值,应该采取以下哪种投资策略?
答案 . £5 million in Project C
解析:根据问题7和问题8的计算,项目A的预期价值为8,700,项目B的预期价值为22,400。根据背景资料卡3,如果RPO在项目C上投资500万英镑,有90%的机会获得40,000名新订阅者,预期价值为0.90 × 40,000 = 36,000,高于项目A和项目B。因此,为了最大化新订阅者的预期价值,RPO应该选择D选项,即在项目C上投资500万英镑。
问题10:假设RPO决定在平面媒体和直邮广告上投资40万英镑,在广播和电视广告上投资60万英镑,在数字营销上投资50万英镑,在项目C上投资500万英镑。假设每项投资都达到了新订阅者的预期价值,并且RPO保留了94%的2022年订阅者基数,根据RPO战略合作伙伴关系增强的收入函数,RPO在2023年可以预期获得多少票房收入?
答案. £130.76 million
解析:首先,我们需要计算每项投资带来的新订阅者数量:
- 平面媒体和直邮广告:400,000 / 80 = 5,000
- 广播和电视广告:600,000 / 120 + 4,000 = 9,000
- 数字营销:500,000 / 100 = 5,000
-- 项目C:0.90 × 40,000 = 36,000
新订阅者总数 = 5,000 + 9,000 + 5,000 + 36,000 = 55,000
然后,计算2023年的总订阅者基数:
2022年订阅者基数 × 0.94 + 新订阅者总数 = 25,000 × 0.94 + 55,000 = 78,500
接下来,将总订阅者基数代入增强后的收入函数:
R = (0.012 × 78.5^2 + 0.8 × 78.5 - 3.6) × 1.05 ≈ £124.53 million
因此,在给定的投资策略下,考虑到战略合作伙伴关系的影响,RPO在2023年可以预期获得约£124.53 million的票房收入,与D选项的£130.76 million最接近。
3.RC
The two claws of the mature American lobster are decidedly different from each other. The crusher claw is short and stout; the cutter claw is long and slender. Such bilateral asymmetry, in which the right side of the body is, in all other respects, a mirror image of the left side, is not unlike handedness in humans. But where the majority of humans are right-handed, in lobsters the crusher claw appears with equal probability on either the right or left side of the body.
Bilateral asymmetry of the claws comes about gradually. In the juvenile fourth and fifth stages of development, the paired claws are symmetrical and cutterlike. Asymmetry begins to appear in the juvenile sixth stage of development, and the paired claws further diverge toward well-defined cutter and crusher claws during succeeding stages. An intriguing aspect of this development was discovered by Victor Emmel. He found that if one of the paired claws is removed during the fourth or fifth stage, the intact claw invariably becomes a crusher, while the regenerated claw becomes a cutter. Removal of a claw during a later juvenile stage or during adulthood, when asymmetry is present, does not alter the asymmetry; the intact and the regenerate claws retain their original structures.
These observations indicate that the conditions that trigger differentiation must operate in a random manner when the paired claws are intact but in a nonrandom manner when one of the claws is lost. One possible explanation is that differential use of the claws determines their asymmetry. Perhaps the claw that is used more becomes the crusher. This would explain why, when one of the claws is missing during the fourth or fifth stage, the intact claw always becomes a crusher. With two intact claws, initial use of one claw might prompt the animal to use it more than the other throughout the juvenile fourth and fifth stages, causing it to become a crusher.
To test this hypothesis, researchers raised lobsters in the juvenile fourth and fifth stages of development in a laboratory environment in which the lobsters could manipulate oyster chips. (Not coincidentally, at this stage of development lobsters typically change from a habitat where they drift passively, to the ocean floor where they have the opportunity to be more active by burrowing in the substrate.) Under these conditions, the lobsters developed asymmetric claws, half with crusher claws on the left, and half with crusher claws on the right. In contrast, when juvenile lobsters were reared in a smooth tank without the oyster chips, the majority developed two cutter claws. This unusual configuration of symmetrical cutter claws did not change when the lobsters were subsequently placed in a manipulatable environment or when they lost and regenerated one or both claws.
1. Which of the following hypothetical findings would most strongly suggest that the development of claw asymmetry in lobsters is subject to epigenetic regulation?
A. Lobsters exposed to environmental toxins during the juvenile stages exhibit a higher frequency of symmetric claws than unexposed lobsters.
B. Lobsters reared in environments with different water temperatures develop asymmetric claws at different rates.
C. Juvenile lobsters fed a diet rich in methyl donors develop asymmetric claws more rapidly than those fed a standard diet.
D. The offspring of lobsters with two cutter claws develop asymmetric claws when reared in a manipulatable environment, despite their parents' phenotype.
E. Lobsters treated with histone deacetylase inhibitors during the juvenile stages fail to develop asymmetric claws, even in a manipulatable environment.
2. The passage suggests that the development of claw asymmetry in lobsters is an example of a reaction norm. Which of the following, if true, would most strongly support this interpretation?
A. The degree of claw asymmetry in lobsters is proportional to the complexity of the manipulatable environment.
B. Lobsters reared in environments with different types of manipulatable objects develop different degrees of claw asymmetry.
C. Lobsters from different genetic backgrounds exhibit different thresholds for the environmental induction of claw asymmetry.
D. The frequency of left-sided versus right-sided crusher claws in a population of lobsters varies depending on the environmental conditions.
E. Lobsters reared in a gradient of environmental complexity exhibit a continuous range of claw asymmetry, from fully symmetric to strongly asymmetric.
3. If the development of claw asymmetry in lobsters were found to be controlled by a single gene, which of the following would be the most likely evolutionary explanation for the maintenance of both left-sided and right-sided crusher claws in populations?
A. Balancing selection
B. Directional selection
C. Stabilizing selection
D. Disruptive selection
E. Frequency-dependent selection
4. The passage suggests that the development of claw asymmetry in lobsters is an example of a polyphenism. Which of the following, if true, would most strongly challenge this interpretation?
A. Lobsters with symmetric claws can develop asymmetric claws later in life if exposed to a manipulatable environment.
B. The degree of claw asymmetry in lobsters is influenced by the timing of exposure to a manipulatable environment during the juvenile stages.
C. Lobsters with asymmetric claws can regenerate symmetric claws if their original claws are lost and they are reared in a non-manipulatable environment.
D. The development of claw asymmetry in lobsters is controlled by a single gene with two alleles, each coding for either a crusher or a cutter claw.
E. Lobsters with asymmetric claws exhibit different behaviors and occupy different ecological niches than those with symmetric claws.
5. Which of the following experimental designs would provide the most conclusive evidence for the role of differential claw use in determining asymmetry in lobsters?
A. Rearing lobsters in environments with manipulatable objects of different sizes and measuring the resulting degree of claw asymmetry.
B. Comparing the frequency of left-sided versus right-sided crusher claws in populations of lobsters from different geographic regions.
C. Measuring the force exerted by the crusher and cutter claws of individual lobsters and correlating it with the degree of claw asymmetry.
D. Experimentally manipulating the use of one claw in juvenile lobsters and observing the effect on the development of asymmetry in the manipulated and unmanipulated claws.
E. Comparing the gene expression profiles of crusher and cutter claws in lobsters at different stages of development.
Apologies for the oversight. Here are the last three questions in English, with increased difficulty:
6. If extensive research revealed that the development of claw asymmetry in lobsters is under the complex regulation of multiple genes, with different genes playing dominant roles at different developmental stages, which of the following hypotheses would be most likely to hold true?
A. The interactions between genes are crucial for the development of claw asymmetry.
B. The development of claw asymmetry is primarily dependent on environmental factors rather than genetic factors.
C. The genes involved in regulating the development of claw asymmetry have been under strong selection during evolution.
D. The genetic basis of claw asymmetry development varies significantly among different lobster populations.
E. The molecular mechanisms underlying claw asymmetry development remain constant throughout the entire developmental process.
7. Suppose a study discovered that the plasticity of claw asymmetry development varies significantly among lobster populations from different geographical regions, and this variation is correlated with the complexity of the environments inhabited by the populations. Which of the following inferences would be most likely to be valid?
A. The plasticity of claw asymmetry development is an ancestral trait that has been gradually lost during the process of species formation.
B. The plasticity of claw asymmetry development is a derived trait that has been gradually acquired during the process of species formation.
C. The differences in the plasticity of claw asymmetry development are caused by genetic drift and are unrelated to adaptive evolution.
D. The differences in the plasticity of claw asymmetry development are driven by varying selection pressures and reflect adaptive evolution.
E. The interpopulation differences in the plasticity of claw asymmetry development are related to the degree of geographical isolation rather than environmental complexity.
8. Consider a hypothetical scenario in which a novel environmental pollutant is introduced into the habitats of lobsters. If exposure to this pollutant during the juvenile stages disrupts the normal development of claw asymmetry, leading to a high frequency of adult lobsters with two cutter claws, which of the following long-term evolutionary consequences would be most likely to occur, assuming the pollutant persists in the environment?
A. The genes underlying the development of crusher claws would be selectively favored, leading to the rapid evolution of resistance to the pollutant's effects.
B. The genes underlying the development of cutter claws would be selectively favored, leading to the fixation of the two-cutter phenotype in the population.
C. The plasticity of claw asymmetry development would be selectively favored, leading to the evolution of enhanced responsiveness to environmental cues.
D. The genetic variability of claw asymmetry development would be selectively favored, leading to the maintenance of both asymmetric and symmetric phenotypes in the population.
E. The development of claw asymmetry would become canalized, leading to the evolution of reduced sensitivity to environmental perturbations.
ECADDADC
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发表于 2024-5-16 07:59:30
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