；with结构及试题分析
With结构； 关于with结构有点纠结，论坛里讨论的比较热烈，想作个总结又觉得不好下手，因为with不同于分词，它作为一个介词有着十分丰富的内涵，又由于它可以用于类似独立主格等结构使得它有比较宽的外延。所以整个with结构表现出来的用法就显得错综复杂。
with的成份；
1 作定语
2 作状语
1原因
2结果
3伴随
……
3 作表语
with结构的形式
with N1+N2
with N+Adj
with N+Pron
with N+adv
with N+ to do
……
句首定语（无论是否被逗号隔开都可以） "
例1
The intricate structure of the compound insect eye,having hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, help explain why scientistshave assumed that it evolved independently of the vertebrate eye. A. having hundreds of miniature eyes calledommatidia, help explain why scientists have assumed that it B. having hundreds of miniature eyes that are calledommatidia, helps explain why scientists have assumed that they C. with its hundreds of miniature eyes that arecalled ommatidia, helps explain scientists’ assuming that they D. with its hundreds of miniature eyes calledommatidia, help explain scientists’ assuming that it having done 不做定语
句尾无论是否被逗号隔开都可以作定语
这是with句尾不被隔开的例子，
She talked a lot about her relationship with Charlotte
被逗号隔开作定语；
From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoe about twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or eight hundred pounds of baggage so light that a person could easily portage it around impeding rapids.
(A) baggage so light
(B) baggage being so light
(C) baggage, yet being so light
(D) baggage, and so light
(E) baggage yet was so light
状语的用法也可以分为介词短语的用法和独立主格的用法， 介词短语 He spoke with a soft Irish accent. 相对而言with介词短语作状语比作定语要简单，
独立主格用法 独立主格的构成 with+名词+分词（或形容词、副词、不定式……） 独立主格的作用，和状语从句一样，独立主格可以作原因状语，时间状语，条件状语，伴随状语，也可作补充说明。 需要注意的是独立主格一般来讲是状语，不能作定语，前边有逗号隔开。只是并不是with + N +分词就是独立主格，
Unlike the conviction held by many of her colleagues that genes were relatively simple and static, Barbara McClintock adhered to her own more complicated ideas about how genes might operate, and in 1983, at the age of 81, was awarded a Nobel Prize for her discovery that the genes in corn are capable of moving from one chromosomal site to another.
A；Unlike the conviction held by many of her colleagues that genes were
B；Although many of her colleagues were of the conviction of genes being
C；Contrary to many of her colleagues being convinced that genes were
D；Even though many of her colleagues were convinced that genes were D正确
E；Even with many of her colleagues convinced of genes being
E选项的错误在于少了一个being .应该是even with many of her colleagues being convicnced of ……
例如；with innocent people being convicted of crimes……。我认为这个题考点就在于being convicted ,这里不能用with sb done.
只所以要用being 是因为convinced 在这里是形容词，sb is convinced of sth，所以变成独立主格就是sb being convinced of……。但是being在此也不能省略，因为省略了就变成了分词，改变了意思。
The thirteen originalBritish colonies in North America, some formed as commercial ventures,others as religious havens, each had a written charter that set forth itsform of government and the rights of the colonists. A. some formed ascommercial ventures, others as religious havens, each had a written charter B. some being formedas a commercial venture, others as religious havens, all of which had writtencharters C. some that formedas commercial ventures, others as religious havens, all had written charters D. with some beingformed as a commercial venture, others as religious havens, all had a writtencharter E. with some formedas commercial ventures, while others as religious havens, each had a writtencharter
这道题有人解释，with在这里不能是独立主格，只能当是介词短语，所以with后边的东西变得与Brisish colonies.无关了……。这个解释是对的。
但是我想从另外一个方面说一下，我认为这里边其实考了一个语法点，那就是既然独立主格一般都可以加上with那么加不加with有没有区别呢？这个题就是考查的这一点，作为独立主格（不加with)它一般不使用物主代词，本题中some……，other……。但是with结构可以（表现在这道题就是应该）。 例子；a rober entered the room, knife in hand，如果变成with 就应该是；a robber entered the room,with a knife in his hand。因为不加物主代词会让别人很困惑，不知道在谁手里
On account of a law passed in 1993, making it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold gold in the form of bullion or coins, immigrants found that on arrival in the United States they had to surrender all of the gold they had brought with them. - On account of a law passed in 1993, making it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold
- With a law passed in 1933 that makes it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold
- A law passed in 1933 that made it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen holding
- Because of a law passed in 1933 making it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen to hold
- Due to a law being passed in 1933 that makes it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen to hold
B中的with结构；makes 时态错了，
OG13-90 The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after it fell over the last two years.
(A) which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell
(B) which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
(C) which have increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after falling C正确
(D) with a 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after falling
(E) with a 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after having fallen
D,E中after falling /having fallen都不对，因为在C after falling ……它是省略了的状语从句，它的主语就是前边的which,但是在with结构中这种省略就完全没有办法理解了，或者只能理解成句子的主语---显然错误。但我重点说的不是这个，我认为即使没有after falling的错误，D和E的with用法也不对。
大家对照一下；我们看个例子；Village adopts budget with 1% tax increase 。（含有税收增长的预算）这个是正确的用法，我们可以说with 5 percent profits increase,也可以说with an 5 percent increases in profits，还可以说MPD reports striking profits with increase in sales
但是profits with increase 不行，
如果按定语来看；with结构它不是一个分词，它不能和修饰词是主谓的关系，它不能使profits自己增长起来（我突然就想起来一句话，叫不能拎着自己的头发离开地球）
如果按状语来看；随着增长这只是半句话，应该是随着某事某物的增长。
。
Starfish, with anywhere from five to eight arms, have a strong regenerative ability, and if one arm is lost it quickly replaces it, sometimes by the animal overcompensating and growing an extra one or two.
A one arm is lost it quickly replaces it, sometimes by the animal overcompensating and
B one arm is lost it is quickly replaced, with the animal sometimes overcompensating and
C they lose one arm they quickly replace it, sometimes by the animal overcompensating,
D they lose one arm they are quickly replaced, with the animal sometimes overcompensating,
E they lose one arm it is quickly replaced, sometimes with the animal overcompensating
这道题更有意思，一个句子里with前边做定语后边做状语， 这个with就是独立主格，这时候是对前边一句话的补充说明-------正确的用法
Cajuns speak a dialect brought to southern Louisiana by the 4,000 Acadians who migrated there in 1755; their language is basically seventeenth-century French to which has been added English, Spanish, and Italian words.
(A) to which has been added English, Spanish, and Italian words
(B) added to which is English, Spanish, and Italian words
(C) to which English, Spanish, and Italian words have been added
(D) with English, Spanish, and Italian words having been added to it
(E) and, in addition, English, Spanish, and Italian words are added
我们看这一题D;with + n +having done. 特像一个独立主格，但是它不是（前边没有逗号隔开， 就算有逗号也不是，理由；1它描述的是一件和谓语没有关系的事；2它和前边名词有逻辑上的主谓关系，sth is added by……）
那么既然这里需要的是定语，with在这里也是作定语。为什么不对呢 ？我认为这是因为with sth being /having been done. 这时这句话还原出来应该是add english spanish ……to franch,
to it已经在with结构中包括了，加用to it就重复了，就成了add englisgh ……to franch to it 这是什嘛玩艺？
Forthe last five years the Dutch economy has grown faster than Britain, France,or Germany, with the unemployment rate having remained well below that of the other three countries.
A.Britain, France, or Germany, with the unemployment rate having remained
B.have those of Britain, France, or Germany, and the unemployment rate remaining
C.have Britain, France, and Germany, and the unemployment rate has remained
D.the economy of Britain, France, and Germany, with the unemployment rate that has remained
E.the economies of Britain, France, and Germany, and the unemployment rate has remained
这道题A中前半句有错误，但是后半句with独立主格作伴随讲时可以变成一个并列句所以结构上来讲没有错----只是时态错了。with中运用完成时态，这时候表示的是先于主句完成，
至于D中with the rate that ……。这时其实就是with +N变成了普通介词短作状语语显然没有办法理解就更不用说了。
Based on accounts of various ancient writers, scholars have painted a sketchy picture of the activities of an all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth century B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin as Bona Dea, "the good goddess."
A) Based on accounts of various ancient writers 根据账目
B )Basing it on various ancient writers' accounts 完全错误的表达
C )With accounts of various ancient writers used for a basis
D )By the accounts of various ancient writers they used by the accounts ……意为据某人说
E) Using accounts of various ancient writers
我们看C为什么错，with accounts of various ancient writers used for a basis（定语）我是这么读的，因为with accounts of 关于……
with accounts of various ancient writers used for a basis
InJanuary 1994 an oil barge ran aground off the coast of San Juan, Puerto Rico, leaking its cargo of 750000 gallons into the ocean, while causing the pollution of thecity’s beaches. A. leaking its cargo of 750000 gallons into the ocean, while causing the pollution of B. with its cargo of 750000 gallons leaking into the ocean, and it polluted C. and its cargo of 750000 gallons leaked into the ocean, polluting D. while it leaked itscargo of 750000 gallons into the ocean and caused the pollution of E. so that its cargo of750000 gallons leaked into the ocean, and they were polluting.
with动作发生于主句动作之后
这是考研试题，
Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.
As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable
The Achaemenid empire of Persia reached the Indus Valley in the fifth century B.C., bringing the Aramaic script with it, from which was derived both northern and southern Indian alphabets.
(A) the Aramaic script with it, from which was derived both northern and
(B) the Aramaic script with it, and from which deriving both the northern and the
(C) with it the Aramaic script, from which derive both the northern and the
(D) with it the Aramaic script, from which derives both northern and
(E) with it the Aramaic script, and deriving from it both the northern and
总结一下；
with结构最难的还是with短语本身的意思（只能多查词典），只有掌握了它非常复杂的意思才能分清它是作定语还是状语，最常见的两种作定语的with（作having讲的时候，2和……有关的，）只要能分清定语和状语掌握with不难
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发表于 2013-6-27 02:37:52
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