【Native Speaker每日综合训练—31系列】【31-14】文史哲

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Happy New Year to eveyone!

向每一位仍在坚持天天阅读的小分队成员致敬！

今天的话题五花八门，为大家选了一篇稍容易的obstacle，春节做作业的福利嘛_(:3

Part I:   Speaker

Why smart statistics are the key to fighting crime

[Rephrase 1]

[Dialog: 12'41]

Transcript:

Source:
http://new.ted.com/talks/anne_milgram_why_smart_statistics_are_the_key_to_fighting_crime

枣糕兔

Part II:   Speed

"We don’t need to keep on only doing real identity things," Mark Zuckerberg told Bloomberg Businessweek.

Photo by Kimberly White/Getty Images for FilmDistrict

Facebook Is About to Let You Go Anonymous for the First Time

Alyson Shontell

This post originally appeared in Business Insider.

[Time 1]
From the very beginning, Facebook has stood for two things: Permanence and identity. Permanence, meaning everything a user does, says or posts on Facebook is recorded and never erased. Facebook is like a digital journal of your life. Memories and photos will greet you every time you log in.

Identity is also a big part of Facebook. Mark Zuckerberg realized ten years ago that by tying individuals to their school email addresses, you could bring offline relationships online. Facebook is now like a passport to the Internet, giving people credibility whenever they sign on to a partnering website or comment on a friend's post.

Startups that have decided to take the opposite approach and focus on ephemerality and anonymity have excelled. Snapchat promises users that nothing they send on its network will be saved or come back to haunt them later. Whisper and Rumr are apps that allow users to post secrets anonymously. Whisper is producing about 3 billion pageviews per month.

Facebook already tried to come after Snapchat, first with its copy-cat app Poke. Then Facebook reportedly made Snapchat a $3 billion acquisition offer which was declined.

Whisper CEO Michael Heyward tells Business Insider he's never met Mark Zuckerberg, but his app—or at least what his app stands for—may be on the Facebook CEO's radar.

Bloomberg Businessweek recently wrote about Facebook's 10-year history and future plans. The author, Brad Stone, says Facebook's next move might be to launch a suite of apps that let users lack an identity altogether.

From Bloomberg Businessweek:

One thing about some of the new apps that will come as a shock to anyone familiar with Facebook: Users will be able to log in anonymously. That’s a big change for Zuckerberg, who once told David Kirkpatrick, author of The Facebook Effect, that "having two identities for yourself is an example of a lack of integrity."

Former Facebook employees say identity and anonymity have always been topics of heated debate in the company.

Zuckerberg justified his change of heart to Stone: "I don’t know if the balance has swung too far, but I definitely think we’re at the point where we don’t need to keep on only doing real identity things. If you’re always under the pressure of real identity, I think that is somewhat of a burden."
[400 words]

Source:
http://www.slate.com/blogs/business_insider/2014/01/31/facebook_is_launching_anonymous_apps.html?wpisrc=burger_bar

Photo by Miguel Rojo/AFP/Getty Images

How Would the World Change if Everyone Could Live Where They Wanted?

Joshua Keating

[Time 2]
Gallup’s Potential Net Migration Index is an estimation of how countries’ populations would change if everyone in the world could live where they wanted. After roughly 520,000 interviews in 154 countries, they subtract the number of people who would want to leave each country from the number of people who want to move there.

Here are the results of this year’s index by region:


Europe’s high score comes despite declines in Southern Europe. Greece, for instance, has slipped into negative territory, from +11 percent to -8 percent, since the last time the survey was taken, in 2009. Canada and the United States are still the world’s two most desirable destinations for immigrants. Canada’s population would increase by 120 percent in a borderless world, America’s by 45 percent. Worryingly, that number’s down significantly from 60 percent in 2009. It’s still an extra 141 million people, though, or roughly the equivalent of bringing everyone in Russia into America. The old Russia, that is. Russia would decline by 9 percent in this scenario.)

The biggest increase in population would be in Switzerland, which would grow by 136 percent if everyone who wanted to move there could.* (They definitely can’t.) At the other extreme, Haiti’s population would decrease by 52 percent, followed closely by Sierra Leone and Liberia. Despite its economic success, China's number has remained unchanged at -6 percent.

Overall, an estimated 13 percent of the world’s adults—about 630 million people—wish they lived somewhere else.
[296 words]

Source:
http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_world_/2014/01/23/global_net_migration_index_how_would_the_world_change_if_everyone_could.html

For one, brain scans actually reveal very little about us as individuals.

Photo by Oliver Sved/Thinkstock

Ten Things I Learned While Writing a Book About the Self

By Jennifer Ouellette

[Time 3]
It was a brisk October day in a Greenwich Village café when New York University neuroscientist David Poeppel crushed my dream of writing the definitive book on the science of the self.

I had naively thought I could take a light-hearted romp through genotyping, brain scans, and a few personality tests and explain how a fully conscious unique individual emerges from the genetic primordial ooze. Instead, I found myself scrambling to navigate bumpy empirical ground that was constantly shifting beneath my feet. How could a humble science writer possibly make sense of something so elusively complex when the world’s most brilliant thinkers are still grappling with this marvelous integration that makes us us?

“You can’t. Why should you?” Poeppel asked bluntly when I poured out my woes. “We work for years and years on seemingly simple problems, so why should a very complicated problem yield an intuition? It’s not going to happen that way. You’re not going to find the answer.”

Well, he was right. Darn it. But while I might not have found the Ultimate Answer to the source of the self, it proved to be an exciting journey and I learned some fascinating things along the way.

1. Genes are deterministic but they are not destiny. Except for earwax consistency. My earwax is my destiny. We tend to think of our genome as following a “one gene for one trait” model, but the real story is far more complicated. True, there is one gene that codes for a protein that determines whether you will have wet or dry earwax, but most genes serve many more than one function and do not act alone. Height is a simple trait that is almost entirely hereditary, but there is no single gene helpfully labeled height. Rather, there are several genes interacting with one another that determine how tall we will be. Ditto for eye color. It’s even more complicated for personality traits, health risk factors, and behaviors, where traits are influenced, to varying degrees, by parenting, peer pressure, cultural influences, unique life experiences, and even the hormones churning around us as we develop in the womb.

2. It’s nature and nurture, not one or the other, so I can’t entirely blame my genes for the fact that I love cilantro and loathe broccoli and raw tomatoes. There’s likely a genetic component that determines specific taste receptors. I am sensitive to bitterness, a recessive genetic trait that enables me to detect the presence of compounds called glucosinolates found in most cruciferous vegetables. But chances are, environment played a role, too.
[450 words]

[Time 4]
3. My brain scan—courtesy of neuroscientist David Eagleman’s lab—told me nothing about who I am, but it did confirm that I have very clear sinuses. Yes, an entire chapter is devoted to a null fMRI result—or rather, I participated in a group study that has not yet been completed. Science progresses at its own pace and doesn’t care about my book deadlines. Even so, it will reveal very little about me as an individual. The typical image published for an fMRI study is a color-coded visual representation of raw statistical data from many different brain scans, not a snapshot of one person’s brain in action. But I did get to see a very pretty X-ray image of my noggin on a computer monitor and take a fly-through virtual tour of key brain regions (and the sinus cavity).

The world will go on without us after we die—a monstrously heartless thing for it to do.

4. Being shy and being introverted are not the same thing. People are often surprised to learn I was painfully shy as a teenager. I once hid in the girls’ room during a junior-high-school dance, lest I found myself in the terrifying position of having to make casual conversation or dance. I overcame that shyness as an adult, but I am still an introvert. That doesn’t mean I’m antisocial; it just means I need to withdraw from social interactions to recharge my batteries once in awhile. Think of it this way: After a bad breakup, would you rather go out drinking with your friends, or stay home with a pile of DVDs and a pint of ice cream? If the former, you’re an extrovert; if the latter, you’re an introvert.

5. Drunken fruit flies may hold the key to why I’m such a lightweight. Behavioral geneticist Ulrike Heberlein breeds batches of genetically altered fruit flies: Specifically, she knocks out certain genes and tests how this affects their tolerance for alcohol. The strains have names like “Hangover,” “Barfly,” “Tipsy,” and my personal favorite, “Cheap Date.” Those “Cheap Date” flies just can’t hold their liquor. Yet there is no such thing as one alcoholism gene; behaviors cannot be reduced to traits. When it comes to the central question—are alcoholics born or made?—science equivocates by answering truthfully, “Eh, it’s a bit of both, actually.”  
[430 words]

[Time 5]
6. My avatar alter ego, Jen-Luc Piquant, might be more like me than I realize. Avatars are a virtual extension of the self. We bond psychologically with our avatars and those bonds are stronger the more similarities we share with our pixilated alter egos. We need to be able to look at our avatar and feel “This is me.” But our identities are always in flux. My avatar, which I use for blogging and Twitter, is part of me, but she is not the totality of me, and she may not even be who I am at the moment.

7. I was an incorrigible tomboy growing up, so it’s probably a good thing I wasn’t born in the 17th century, where my dress and behavior would have been deemed “unnatural”—unless I had the good fortune to be born into French aristocracy, where such peccadilloes were tolerated, if not fully embraced. But deeply ingrained attitudes about gender still infuse every aspect of society today, and it remains socially unacceptable, for instance, for little boys to love princesses or Easy-Bake Ovens. That rigid binary thinking needs to change. Such stereotypes arise from lazy thinking, and while they might make it easier to deal with the complexity in the world, they also make it far too easy to lose sight of people as individuals—and they can cause very real psychological harm to those children who don’t fit the stereotypes.

8.  I become “that person” at the party if I take LSD. You know the one. Did you see that episode of Mad Men where they all dropped acid and that one woman was crawling around on the carpet? Yeah, that was me. I bonded with an oriental rug on a deep, molecular level, and yet it never calls. Also? It’s really hard to take handwritten notes when you’re tripping on acid because your hand keeps melting into the paper.
[336 words]

[the rest]
9. When I die, and my brain shuts down for good, my self will cease to exist, because consciousness is emergent. It is a real thing—I think, anyway, although some very smart people disagree—but it is still a product of that constant flow of neural information in the brain. “No matter, no mind,” as neuroscientist Christof Koch has phrased it. The world will go on without us after we die—a monstrously heartless thing for it to do. This terrifying thought is at the root of our primal fear of death: We just can’t imagine a world without “I.”  We cope by finding our own way to create meaning out of our allotted time on this Earth.

10. We are the stories we tell. We all construct personal narratives, and we spend our lives working and reworking them. Our memories might not be as accurate as we think—we fabricate and embellish even when we believe ourselves to be truthful—but this so-called autobiographical self is key to how we construct a unified whole out of the many components that contribute to our sense of self. You can sequence my DNA, scan my brain, subject me to a battery of personality tests, but you won’t find my essence in any one of them alone. Stories provide that unifying interpretive layer. If you really want to know who I am, let me tell you a story.
[250 words]

Source:
http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2014/01/the_science_of_the_self_what_can_neuroscience_and_psychology_tell_us.2.html

枣糕兔

Part III:  Obstacle

Five myths about the Winter Olympics

Edward Goldstein  |  January 30

[Time 6]
For 17 days starting Friday, the world’s eyes will be on the Black Sea resort town of Sochi, Russia, host of the 22nd Winter Olympics. U.S. interest in the Winter Games has blossomed, largely because of the spectacular scenery and the American success in many of the sports added to the winter program. Before the Games begin, let’s examine myths worth piercing with a biathlete’s rifle.


1. World politics has intruded on the Summer Olympics but not on the tranquil Winter Games.

Terrorist attacks haven’t struck the Winter Olympics, unlike the Summer Games in Munich in 1972 and in Atlanta in 1996. Nor have there been major boycotts such as those of the Summer Olympics due to disputes over South African apartheid (Montreal 1976) and the Soviet Union’s invasions of Hungary (Melbourne 1956) and Afghanistan (Moscow 1980). But the Winter Games have seen their share of political strife.
Japan’s invasion of China caused the withdrawal of Sapporo as the host city for 1940, and the site of the 1936 Winter Games, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, was dropped as a replacement after Germany invaded Poland. The Summer and Winter Games that year were canceled. Four years later, the ongoing war led to the cancellation of the Winter Games planned for Cortina d’Ampezzo, Italy. The 1944 Summer Olympics were also scrapped.

And although the 1984 Games in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia, were not marred by conflict, the Balkan Wars of the 1990s turned Olympic sites such as the ski jump into killing zones. This didn’t bolster the later campaign of International Olympic Committee President Juan Antonio Samaranch for the Olympics to receive the Nobel Peace Prize.


2. Today’s female figure skaters can skate rings around the ice queens of yesteryear.

Without a doubt, reigning Olympic gold medalist Kim Yu-na of South Korea spins and flies like a whirling dervish. Her athleticism, and that of her competitors, is light years ahead of where figure skating was decades ago. But when it comes to skating rings — actual figure eights — no modern skater comes close to Peggy Fleming, the 1968 gold medalist in Grenoble, France. At that time, compulsory figures — the ability to trace three figure eights, with points deducted for deviation from the Euclidian ideal — counted for 60 percent of a female figure skater’s score. Newsweek wrote that one of Fleming’s strengths was “her keen geometric sense.” Today, compulsories are no longer part of the Olympic skating program.

While Americans take pride in the leaping abilities of our recent Olympic champions — Kristi Yamaguchi in 1992, Tara Lipinski in 1998, Sarah Hughes in 2002 — these skaters are also carrying forward the graceful, artistic legacies of such “old school” gold medalists as Fleming, Tenley Albright (1956), Carol Heiss (1960) and Dorothy Hamill (1976).


3. There’s been only one Miracle on Ice.  

Picture this: A bunch of American college kids had an improbable run in the early rounds of the Olympic hockey tournament and moved on to face the heavily favorited Soviet Union in the semifinals. The Soviet skaters were essentially full-time professionals who had defeated the U.S. team in four previous world championships and in the prior Olympics. With the game televised live, Americans cheered when a plucky U.S. winger broke a tense tie late in the third period, for a 3-2 win, and followed up with a third-period rally in the gold-medal match to claim the winner’s podium. So went the miracle of the 1960 Squaw Valley Olympics.

That’s right — the first Miracle on Ice was in 1960, not 1980. The 1960 U.S. team was even more of an underdog than Herb Brooks’s 1980 squad. Its big challenge was getting past the Canadians, who had dominated the Americans for decades. And that it did, in a shocking 2-1 upset, before taking on the U.S.S.R. The 1980 team didn’t have to face the Canadians on its road to victory.


4. Canada-U.S. men’s hockey is the best Winter Games rivalry.

The rivalry has certainly heated up since the 1998 introduction of NHL players into the tournament. But there’s a much fiercer rivalry between the same countries in the Games. Since women’s ice hockey was added to the Olympics in 1998, the Americans and the Canadians have dropped the puck in three gold-medal matches, with the United States upsetting the favored Canadians in Nagano in 1998 and settling for silver in Salt Lake City (2002) and in Vancouver (2010).

In preparation for Sochi, the two teams have faced each other in several practice matches. And more important for YouTube viewers, there have been two major brawls instigated by American forwards Jocelyne Lamoureux and her sister, Monique Lamoureux. As Jamie Hagerman Phinney, a 2006 U.S. Olympian, puts it: “I’m a Red Sox fan, so I hate losing to the Yankees, but not nearly as much as losing to Canada.”

Another compelling rivalry is between Norway and Italy in the men’s cross-country ski relay. Over three consecutive Olympics, from 1994 to 2002, the total difference in time between the two teams was less than a second, an astounding figure for a race that lasts more than 90 minutes.


5. Big cities jump at the chance to host the Olympics.

Not always. As a young Denverite, I was thrilled when the IOC announced in 1970 that my home town would host the 1976 Winter Games. But as the Denver organizing committee started projecting skyrocketing costs for an event that had yet to attract major corporate sponsorship or benefit from massive television revenue, local opposition to hosting a primarily taxpayer-funded Games began to swell.

Two years later, state Rep. Richard Lamm spearheaded a ballot initiative that rejected a $5 million bond issue to finance the Games. A week after the vote, Denver withdrew as host city, and the IOC moved the Games to Innsbruck, Austria.

Lamm and his allies argued that the Games would encourage people watching on TV to move en masse to Colorado and thus spoil our Rocky Mountain environment. Lamm, who became a three-term governor and an unsuccessful candidate against Ross Perot for the 1996 Reform Party presidential nomination, later recognized that the anti-Olympics vote did nothing to stop Colorado’s growth. “The Colorado I was afraid was going to happen with the Olympics happened without the Olympics,” he told the Rocky Mountain News in 1999.

There’s been speculation in Olympic circles that our country is next in line to host a Summer Olympics, perhaps as early as 2024. But if that effort fails, we could make a big push to host the 2026 Winter Games, with Salt Lake City, Reno-Lake Tahoe, Boston and, yes, Denver considered the top candidates.
[1156 words]

Source:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/five-myths-about-the-winter-olympics/2014/01/30/a99f3852-7d6f-11e3-9556-4a4bf7bcbd84_story.html

疏离无罪

沙发。 THX  枣糕兔

Speaker:There are some serous criminal justice problems.Almost 70% of released criminals are rearrested.Data should be collected and use it to make smart decision,which means to not release risky and dangers people..Make a new system.

01:30
Facebook has stood on two things: Permanence and identity.But now it seems to try to make anonymity for users.

01:23
Describe how the world will be like if the world become boardless.

02:23
Things realized by a science writer while he writing a book about self.1 Genes are deterministic but they are not destiny.
2 Genes are nature and nurture.

02:12
3Brain scan can told nothing about who i am 4 Being shy and being introverted are not the same thing. 5 Drunken fruit flies may hold the key to why I’m such a lightweight.

01:46
6 My avatar alter ego might be more like me than I realize.7It's lucky to born at this time. 8 I become “that person” at the party if I take LSD.

04:48
Five myths about the winter Olympics.
1 World politics has intruded on the Summer Olympics but not on the tranquil Winter Games. The truth is that the winter olympics are aslo influenced by politics.
2 Today’s female figure skaters can skate rings around the ice queens of yesteryear. Actually no one can.
3 There’s been only one Miracle on Ice.  1960 and 1980 are all miracles.
4 Canada-U.S. men’s hockey is the best Winter Games rivalry. Besides Canada and U.S.,Norway and Italy are also rivalry.
5 Big cities jump at the chance to host the Olympics. Not always.

苏错

板凳~~谢谢枣糕兔~~~占首页须填坑~

Speed:
Time2:1'32
Time3:1'25
Time4:2'05
Time5:2'15
Time6:1'53
Obstacle:5'03

过年......拜年。。。╭(′▽`)╯

ieveline

谢谢楼主！

Speaker
Two things make the speaker feel they failed to reduce the criminal
A lot of money spent on the consequence of criminals
Use data nad analystics to reduce the criminial in public safety
Use the date to discrminate to put the people to sentence, in jail or release
judges make the decision subjective, so they of them wrong
Use risk analysis tools to predict the risk
Objective menthod is important
Speed
1--01:54
In facebook, people used to use their true identities.
there are new app, in which people can be anonymous.
now facebook is working on the way to opposite direction-- one person has more than one identity
2--01:12
About the statics of which country people want to stay
USA and Canada are on the top.
Switzerland is hot.
13% of the adults in world wish they lived somewhere else.
3--02:21
Ten things about human?
1.Genes are deterministic but they are not destiny
2.There’s likely a genetic component that determines specific taste receptors.
4--01:59
3.About brain scan, pretty nothing important
4.Extrovert or introvert... dont't know what does he want to tell us
5.alcoholcs are both born and made...
5--01:34
Have no clue what is going on...

Obstacles--05:34
History, history, location, location, time, time...
>.<

sherlock1992

破产边缘。。。，。thx, 兔子〜
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Speed:
1'37''
1'27''
2'56''

TaoRs92

thx~~~

time:2:27.27
The two attract advantages of Facebook--Permenance and Identity.
Other apps that catch up and leave Facebook behind.
Facebook's new strategy:let people log in anonymously.
_____________
time:1:34.73
If everyone can live where they want,the change.
America and Canada,the two biggest desire immigrating countries.
Europe increase,despite the decrese in south Europe.
China remain unchange--minus 6 percent.
______________
time:2:43.86
The auther wants to wirte a book about ourselves,using tech such as brain scan.But this can not be done.Instead,he found other 10 interesting facts.
1 gene is determinative but not destiny
old view:single trait is delievered by single gene
correct one:more complicated.genes may have more than one function and may not act alone
2 not everything is determined by gene.environment factors also paly a role.
____________
time:2:06.45
3 brain scan can tell little about you as an individual
4 being shy and being an introvert are not the same thing
5 fruit flies may have the key
___________
time:1:51.59
6 your avatar on the Internet is not all of you,sometimes even not you at this moment
7 attitudes toward gender still influence our social world
8 don't use LSD
___________
time:1:08.69
9 the world can go on without you
10 you are the stories you are telling.no tech can review who you really are
_____________
time:5:31.33
5 myths about winter olympics.
1 world politics have already intruded into winter olympics
examples in many years
2 today's female skators don't leave old skators behind in skating rings.
the famous female skators in 1968
3 more than one miracles on ice
from 1960
4 Canada and Aemrica are the most competitive rivals
Italy and Norway
5 big cities all want to hole olympics
the example of Denver

mozhiwanjia

掌管 7        00:12:07.13        00:35:26.46
掌管 6        00:02:06.53        00:23:19.32
掌管 5        00:02:54.24        00:21:12.79
掌管 4        00:05:44.88        00:18:18.55
掌管 3        00:04:22.87        00:12:33.67
掌管 2        00:02:32.25        00:08:10.80
掌管 1        00:05:38.54        00:05:38.54

lgyhz123

Speaker
Research show that most danger criminal are more likely to be release. In other to reduce the crime rate, the speaker introduce date to help better decision.

Speed
3'04
Facebook may allow anonymity.

2'09''
The statistic about people's immigrant will.

3'52''
Gene is not the only factor of personal trait, and environment play an important role too.

3'28''
Several examples that explain how gene is not the decisive factor.

2'47''
People will show different part of themselves according to the environment. It's hard to tell one's exact character.

The rest
If you really want to know a person, you can not only rely on technique alone.

Obstacle
12'47''
结构很清晰就不转述了，难度还在在与单词和地道的表达啊。。