，大家讨论一下吧！127. In theory, international civil servants at the United Nations are prohibited from continuing to draw salaries from their own governments; in practice, however, some governments merely substitute living allowances for their employees' paychecks. assigned by them to the United Nations.
(A) for their employees' paychecks, assigned by them
(B) for the paychecks of their employees who have been assigned
(C) for the paychecks of their employees, having been assigned
(D) in place of their employees' paychecks, for those of them assigned
(E) in place of the paychecks of their employees to have been assigned by them
In choice A, the phrase assigned by them modifies the adjacent noun, paychecks: the sentence implies that paychecks, rather than employees, work at the United Nations.
不是说分词在句尾，当前面有逗号的时候做状语修饰主句主语吗？
这里为什么说可以修饰paychecks作定语？？？
请教大家！
白勇的《GMAT语法全解》上说：现在分词短语在句尾：（1）表伴随动作、状态、功能，与句子谓语动作同时发生，逻辑主语等与句子主语；（2）表伴随结果，整个句子是原因，导致分词动作产生，无逻辑主语
C中显然是第（1）种情况，having been assigned修饰some governments，不合理
我的意思是，C的having been assigned明显不是伴随结果，所以只能是第（1）种情况，但是修饰governments也不对
但是如果这么说的话那A中的也是“assigned”也是分词，前面有逗号，位于句尾，可肯定不是伴随结果。
那为什么可以作定语修饰逗号前面的paychecks？
如果按照楼上的说法岂不是解释不通？
请教！
-ed分词短语在句尾，一般优先就近作定语，修饰名词。（白勇《GMAT语法全解》）
其实我不明白的是，-ing分词短语和-ed分词短语在句尾，前加逗号和不加逗号在修饰对象的问题上有什么区别。书上也没有讲，请教NN！！
How about these setences:
1：My car has a DVD player set, manufactured by ABC Ltd.
2：My car has a DVD player set manufactured by ABC Ltd.
上面两句区别在有没有“，”，句子1有修饰歧义（理解1：我的车有ABC公司制造的DVD播放器，理解2：我哪台ABC公司制造的车有DVD播放器）；而句子2没有。这可能只是存在某些很特别的例子中，就像我举的这两句，这种情况可以通过逻辑意思判断正误。
我的问题是，是否存在“N，-ed”在句末逻辑上作主语的状语，而又可以修饰前面名词的情况？
ding
同问
How about these setences:
1：My car has a DVD player set, manufactured by ABC Ltd.
2：My car has a DVD player set manufactured by ABC Ltd.
上面两句区别在有没有“，”，句子1有修饰歧义（理解1：我的车有ABC公司制造的DVD播放器，理解2：我哪台ABC公司制造的车有DVD播放器）；而句子2没有。这可能只是存在某些很特别的例子中，就像我举的这两句，这种情况可以通过逻辑意思判断正误。
我的问题是，是否存在“N，-ed”在句末逻辑上作主语的状语，而又可以修饰前面名词的情况？
同问
up!
我的疑问也是这样：
前面加逗号的现在分词，在句尾，可不可以做定语修饰前面的名词？
前面加逗号的过去分词，在句尾，可不可以做定语修饰前面的名词？
我手头有一题，请大家看看：
The growth of he railroads led to the abolition of local times, which was determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing from city to city, and to the establishment of regional times.
(C) which were determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing
(D) determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differed
(E) determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing
正确答案是E，我觉得这里的determined和differing就是做定语修饰前面的local times,
刚刚又和一个GG讨论了同样的问题，他的例子是：
The Olympic Games helped to keep peace among the pugnacious states of the Greek world in that a sacred truce was proclaimed during the festival's month.
(A) world in that a sacred truce was proclaimed during the festival's month
(B) world, proclaiming a sacred truce during the festival's month
(C) world when they proclaimed a sacred truce for the festival month
(D) world, for a sacred truce was proclaimed during the month of the festival
(E) world by proclamation of a sacred truce that was for the month of the festival
上面这道题，OG11给出的答案是D，它给出的选项B错误的原因是：It is not clear who would be doing the proclaiming; a clause is preferable to a phrase here.
是不是可以得出结论：
前面有逗号的现在分词，在句尾，既可以做伴随状语，又可以做定语修饰前面的名词。
而我们作题的时候就要注意这一点，要具体环境具体判断到底是做什么成分。
，大家讨论一下吧！
不好意思，刚刚发现举的第一个例子是放在句中的。
不过疑问确实存在啊，谁来解释一下！
怎么都没有人来解释一下这个小小的困惑啊！
UP!
SECTION 13-7. Since the
(A) wings, shaped so smoothly and perfectly
(B) wings, wings so smooth and so perfectly shaped
(C) wings that are shaped so smooth and perfect
(D) wings, shaped in such a smooth and perfect manner
(E) wings, wings having been shaped smoothly and perfectly so
楼上的MM，刚看到一题，也许对你以上的问题会有帮助。排除A的原因有一点是：shaped的先行词可能是wings ,也可能是airplanes。正好是你想找的例子。而正确答案B用同位语明确了修饰对象。
另外你的理解：
前面有逗号的现在分词，在句尾，既可以做伴随状语，又可以做定语修饰前面的名词。
而我们作题的时候就要注意这一点，要具体环境具体判断到底是做什么成分。
我觉得应该是正确的。
这个题因为考虑副词做对了，就没有多想，谢谢香香茶JJ答疑，呵呵！
前面所举的例子是补充题250-11， 大全762题，把题目贴全，以方便大家查询。
11. The growth of the railroads led to the abolition of local times, which was determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing from city to city, and to the establishment of regional times.
(A) which was determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing
(B) which was determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and which differed
(C) which were determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing
(D) determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differed（E）
(E) determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing
In choice A, was is incorrect; the verb must be were to agree with times. Also, which becomes the subject of a compound verb that lacks parallelism: was determined…and differing. In choice B, was is again incorrect, and the use of two which clauses is awkward. In choice C, which were determined…and differing is another faulty compound verb. Choice D presents a false compound: determined is an adjective modifying local times and differed is the simple past tense of to differ. Because they serve different grammatical functions, these words cannot be treated as parallel elements joined by and. Choice E is best: without which, determined and differing function not as verb elements but as parallel modifiers of local times. This question is very difficult.
按照这个解释，determined 和 differing 都是形容词吗？？？大家来讨论一下吧，我已经看过补充题这一题的
按照这个解释，determined 和 differing 都是形容词吗？？？大家来讨论一下吧，我已经看过补充题这一题的
按照这个解释，determined 和 differing 都是形容词吗？？？大家来讨论一下吧，我已经看过补充题这一题的
讨论贴了，都是在讨论现在分词和过去分词，主动和被动的区别，按照这个解释好象不是的呢？
讨论贴了，都是在讨论现在分词和过去分词，主动和被动的区别，按照这个解释好象不是的呢？
讨论贴了，都是在讨论现在分词和过去分词，主动和被动的区别，按照这个解释好象不是的呢？
谢谢。
谢谢。
谢谢。
determined
adj.
坚决的, 决定了的
differing在字典里没查到，看来要么是动名词（可以作形容词吗？？），要么是现在分词
这问题还没讨论出结果吗~~
偶也很晕哦~~~
有N人站出来解答下吧？！
127. In theory, international civil servants at the United Nations are prohibited from continuing to draw salaries from their own governments; in practice, however, some governments merely substitute living allowances for their employees' paychecks. assigned by them to the United Nations.
(A) for their employees' paychecks, assigned by them
(B) for the paychecks of their employees who have been assigned
(C) for the paychecks of their employees, having been assigned
(D) in place of their employees' paychecks, for those
of them assigned
(E) in place of the paychecks of their employees to
have been assigned by them
In choice A, the phrase assigned by them modifies the adjacent noun, paychecks: the sentence implies that paychecks, rather than employees, work at the United Nations.
不是说分词在句尾，当前面有逗号的时候做状语修饰主句主语吗？
这里为什么说可以修饰paychecks作定语？？？
请教大家！
以前总结过,大家讨论的题目我按自己的总结思路比较清晰,可能在这个问题上可以给大家一些参考:
分词短语逻辑主语的判断
a) 分词(现在/过去)短语在句首作状语:逻辑主语=主句主语,无歧义
b) ing分词短语在句尾且前面有逗号:
Ø 表伴随动作/状态/功能,与句子谓语动作同时发生,逻辑主语=句子主语,无歧义
Ø 表伴随结果,整个句子是原因,导致分词动作产生,无逻辑主语.可以在分词前加thus/thereby/in effect等,也可以不加
c) ed分词短语在句尾,既可就近修饰前面的名词,也可以逻辑上修饰主句主语,比较有歧义尽量不选.但无更好答案时,一般优先就近作定语修饰前面的名词[OG127],此时同位语往往是优选项
d) ing分词和ed分词在句中：优先作定语修饰就近的名词[OG191]
逻辑主语 | 句首 | 句中 | 句尾 |
-ing现在分词 | 主句主语 | 就近修饰 | 主句主语(常考)/整句均可 |
-ed过去分词 | 主句主语 | 就近修饰 | 倾向就近修饰有歧义 |
e) 介词或介词短语+ing分词: in addition to/in/by/without/besides+doing…,句子
Ø 在句首,逻辑主语=句子主语
Ø 在句尾,逻辑主语可能是句子主语也可能不是
PS:我不是什么牛人,但目标是做牛人750+,希望大家支持我,回我今天发的语法求助贴~~~
晕啊 这个题目的答案是????哪个啊
e) 介词或介词短语+ing分词: in addition to/in/by/without/besides+doing…,句子
Ø 在句首,逻辑主语=句子主语
Ø 在句尾,逻辑主语可能是句子主语也可能不是
PS:我不是什么牛人,但目标是做牛人750+,希望大家支持我,回我今天发的语法求助贴~~~
赞~总结得非常详细~定~
这么个帖子顶了这么长的时间，真是不理解。但是我还是愿意继续顶。我的想法是：
1、关于现在分词或者过去分次在句尾时的用法。有时现在分词或者过去分次在句尾，但是它并不是为了表示在句尾的意思才在句尾的，只不过它修饰的词就在句尾，那它还能在哪里？只能更在句尾。所以，不要说现在分词和过去分次在句尾就如何，关键是看它的意思是为了什么。这道题也是这样。
2、关于现在分词或过去分词前面的逗号。分词前面的逗号，有不同的意思，有时是为了表示意思的变化，比如，逗号后面的词的修饰对象就变化了，有时就是突出句子的某一成分，或者为了省略句子的某一成分。而且，og的解释也是从阅读习惯来讲的，一般来说阅读时就近原则是第一原则，就算按照语法规则是正确地用法，但是如果从就近原则上讲不够明确，就是应该摒弃的用法。
菜鸟看法供参考。
下面是我的理解.
1.当过去分词在句末时，不管有无逗号，都是就近修饰名词;
2.现在分词在句末时，无逗号是就近修饰的名词的定语；
3.当现在分词在句尾且前有逗号时,做主语的伴随状语或做句子的伴随结果.因此不能用句尾现在分词修饰前面句尾的名词. 所以OG127说C选项:"the phrase having been assigned...is uncertain in reference,making the sentence unclear."-->就是说这个现在分词本来是应该修饰前面的employee的,却变成了修饰主语governments了. (另外在GMAT里,having been done的用法错误,应直接用done)
避免上述错误的方法:所修饰的名词在句尾用定语从句修饰--OG127正确选项B (而不用加逗号的现在分词修饰.其实分词是定语从句的省略形式,在句中无逗号分词(注意是无逗号的,有逗号的在句中有歧义)就比定语从句简洁)还有 OG120也是同样道理:修饰句尾名词,正确选项A用定语从句.E选项的句尾现在分词错误.
4.当现在/过去分词在句中且前没有逗号,修饰前面紧邻名词;
5.当现在/过去分词在句中且前后都有逗号,有歧义(夹心):1)向前修饰前面紧邻的名词,2)向后修饰后面句子的主语.
这种结构在GMAT肯定错,如果修饰某句主语,则避免将该分词置于以名词结尾的句后.1)用定语从句/介词短语明确修饰对象.2)可将分词提到句首,所修饰主语及所在句子紧跟其后-->形成句首分词修饰句子主语.见OG179
6.在前面有多个名词如名词1+介词+名词2结构,而要用分词修饰名词1时,为避免歧义要重复名词1即用同位语结构:名词1+介词+名词2,名词1+分词.见OG208
BTW,我不是NN,正朝着NN的方向努力.NN们大多都在讨论区销声匿迹了,唉...
我晕死了，被顶了这么久的帖子。菜鸟我来扯两句吧。
个人看法，some governments merely substitute living allowances for their employees' paychecks. assigned by them
逻辑上assigned应该指的是employee，可是，可是注意这里的employee是所有格形式，不能被修饰。
我想这才是og想要强调的。
语法上，assigned优先修饰governments，但是这里面them肯定是governments了，所以至于assigned到底是修饰paychecks，还是allowances，我们已经管不着了，因为肯定是错了。
我来顶一下tigercaiqun的解释,她的字体太小了,我放大一点,大家仔细看下,基本可以解决这类的问题了
1.当过去分词在句末时，不管有无逗号，都是就近修饰名词; 2.现在分词在句末时，无逗号是就近修饰的名词的定语； 3.当现在分词在句尾且前有逗号时,修饰邻近句子的主语,做主语的伴随状语或做句子的伴随结果.因此不能用句尾现在分词修饰前面句尾的名词. 所以OG127说C选项:"the phrase having been assigned...is 避免上述错误的方法:所修饰的名词在句尾用定语从句修饰--OG127正确选项B (而不用加逗号的现在分词修饰.其实分词是定语从句的省略形式,在句中无逗号分词(注意是无逗号的,有逗号的在句中有歧义)就比定语从句简洁)还有 OG120也是同样道理:修饰句尾名词,正确选项A用定语从句.E选项的句尾现在分词错误. 4.当现在/过去分词在句中且前没有逗号,修饰前面紧邻名词; 5.当现在/过去分词在句中且前后都有逗号,有歧义:1)修饰前面紧邻的名词,2)向后修饰后面句子的主语. 这种结构在GMAT肯定错,如果修饰某句主语,则避免将该分词置于以名词结尾的句后.避免方式:1)用定语从句/介词短语明确修饰对象.2)可将分词提到句首,所修饰主语及所在句子紧跟其后-->形成句首分词修饰句子主语.见OG179 6.在前面有多个名词如名词1+介词+名词2结构,而要用分词修饰名词1时,为避免歧义要重复名词1即用同位语结构:名词1+介词+名词2,名词1+分词.见OG208
uncertain in reference,making the sentence unclear."-->就是说这个现在分词本来是应该修饰前面的employee的,却变成了修饰主语governments了. (另外在GMAT里,having been done的用法错误,应直接用done)
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