ChaseDream

标题: [求助]急求GWD6-Q16,恳请NN们帮忙 [打印本页]

作者: joesnoopy    时间: 2009-6-1 00:30
标题: [求助]急求GWD6-Q16,恳请NN们帮忙

GWD6-Q16:

Historian:  Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to modern calculus.  Leibniz developed closely analogous concepts and techniques.  It has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent.  Researchers have, however, recently discovered notes of Leibniz’ that discuss one of Newton’s books on mathematics.  Several scholars have argued that since the book includes a presentation of Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques, and since the notes were written before Leibniz’ own development of calculus concepts and techniques, it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false.  A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however.  Leibniz’ notes are limited to early sections of Newton’s book, sections that precede the ones in which Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques are presented.

 

In the historian’s reasoning, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

 

A.      The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is evidence that has been used to support an opposing position.

B.       The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is that position.

C.      The first provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that is drawn to provide support for the overall position that the historian defends; the second provides evidence against that intermediate conclusion.

D.      The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is evidence offered in support of the historian’s own position.

E.       The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is further information that substantiates that evidence.

这题我选的是B,但是答案是D,为什么呢???我实在是想不通~请NN们帮帮忙吧~


作者: enrique1313    时间: 2009-6-1 18:01

 it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false. 

the notes were written before Leibniz’ own development of calculus concepts and techniques代表了传统观念,所以作者是为了反对传统观念而利用他作为论据!


作者: joesnoopy    时间: 2009-6-1 21:50

谢谢enrique1313,但是你的观点我不能同意哦~我的理解是这样的:

1.N发展了某个理论,L也发展了相似的理论,传统观点认为这两个理论是独立的。(这个传统观点正是作者反对的观点)

2.但最近的研究发现了L的笔记,这个笔记讨论了其中一本N写的该理论的书。

3.因为这本书(N写的书)包含了N的这个理论,而且因为这些笔记(L写的笔记)写于L的理论发表之前,所以传统的观点肯定是错的。

4.我们需要一个更为谨慎的结论。(但这个观点具体是什么,作者并没有直接正面给出)

5.因为L的笔记受限于N的书的早期章节,这些章节早于N的理论发表之前。

我当时错认为5就是4中的结论,不过后来细看时才发现,5是一个没有明显原因标志词引导的隐含原因。所以D的后半句我是认同的。

但D的前半句我理解其要表达的意思是:第一个黑体字提供了线索去支持作者否定的观点。但根据3可以很清楚的看到第一个黑体字是提供了线索反对传统观点,也就是支持作者想要肯定的观点啊~这个我就不明白了?是不是我理解错了呢?请NN们指正~


作者: joesnoopy    时间: 2009-6-1 22:46

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=24&ID=390021&page=1

找到一个这题的讨论,但是题号不同,粘个连接方便大家以后查阅。根据这个帖子中的讨论,我把以上思路整理了一下,其实这题很绕~

1.N发展了某个理论,L也发展了相似的理论,传统观点认为这两个理论是独立的。

2.但是(注意:这是第一个however转折,最近的研究发现了L的笔记,这个笔记讨论了其中一本N写的该理论的书。

3.因为这本书(N写的书)包含了N的这个理论,而且因为这些笔记(L写的笔记)写于L的理论发表之前,所以传统的观点肯定是错的。

4.但是(注意:这是第二个however转折),我们需要一个更为谨慎的结论。两个转折相当于负负得正的效果,其实作者是支持传统观点的,但是认为传统观点不够严谨,这个在5中可以得到验证)(至于这个结论是什么,我认为作者并没有直接正面给出)

5.(因为)L的笔记受限于N的书的早期章节,这些章节早于N的理论发表之前。尽管L收到了N早期章节的影响,但是由于这些章节写成之时,N的理论并没有成型,所以不能认为L的理论完全依赖于N的理论,但也不能认为L的理论完全独立于N的理论,这也说明了传统观点不严谨,只是部分正确,即作者部分支持传统观点)(我认为这个不是作者的结论,因为传统的观点谈论的是L和N的理论,而这里谈论的是L的笔记和N的某个章节,这些只是论据)

这题绕就绕在第二个however所表达的作者的态度,真的很少见到这种辩论了一圈,又反过来支持最早提出的传统的观点~GMAT真是有够难的~


作者: houzhongxu    时间: 2009-6-2 17:50

Historian:  Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to modern calculus.  Leibniz developed closely analogous concepts and techniques.  It has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent.  Researchers have, however, recently discovered notes of Leibniz’ that discuss one of Newton’s books on mathematics.  Several scholars have argued that since the book includes a presentation of Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques, and since the notes were written before Leibniz’ own development of calculus concepts and techniques, it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false.  A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however.  Leibniz’ notes are limited to early sections of Newton’s book, sections that precede the ones in which Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques are presented.
            

In the historian’s reasoning, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

A.      The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is evidence that has been used to support an opposing position.

B.       The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is that position.

C.      The first provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that is drawn to provide support for the overall position that the historian defends; the second provides evidence against that intermediate conclusion.

D.      The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is evidence offered in support of the historian’s own position.

E.       The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is further information that substantiates that evidence.

扫了一眼全文,俩转折,第二个转折前面有conclusion,确定是结论

A前半句就错了,因为它在转折之前,犯了方向性错误,干掉

B同A

C好歹两部分方向性是正确的,留着

D同C

E没有两句的转折关系,干掉

又因为DE前半句很像,答案多半在DE里面

直接填D


作者: Powellyao    时间: 2009-7-21 22:30
ding
作者: lian2008    时间: 2009-9-29 23:47
以下是引用joesnoopy在2009/6/1 22:46:00的发言:

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=24&ID=390021&page=1

找到一个这题的讨论,但是题号不同,粘个连接方便大家以后查阅。根据这个帖子中的讨论,我把以上思路整理了一下,其实这题很绕~

1.N发展了某个理论,L也发展了相似的理论,传统观点认为这两个理论是独立的。

2.但是(注意:这是第一个however转折,最近的研究发现了L的笔记,这个笔记讨论了其中一本N写的该理论的书。

3.因为这本书(N写的书)包含了N的这个理论,而且因为这些笔记(L写的笔记)写于L的理论发表之前,所以传统的观点肯定是错的。

4.但是(注意:这是第二个however转折),我们需要一个更为谨慎的结论。两个转折相当于负负得正的效果,其实作者是支持传统观点的,但是认为传统观点不够严谨,这个在5中可以得到验证)(至于这个结论是什么,我认为作者并没有直接正面给出)

5.(因为)L的笔记受限于N的书的早期章节,这些章节早于N的理论发表之前。尽管L收到了N早期章节的影响,但是由于这些章节写成之时,N的理论并没有成型,所以不能认为L的理论完全依赖于N的理论,但也不能认为L的理论完全独立于N的理论,这也说明了传统观点不严谨,只是部分正确,即作者部分支持传统观点)(我认为这个不是作者的结论,因为传统的观点谈论的是L和N的理论,而这里谈论的是L的笔记和N的某个章节,这些只是论据)

这题绕就绕在第二个however所表达的作者的态度,真的很少见到这种辩论了一圈,又反过来支持最早提出的传统的观点~GMAT真是有够难的~

嗯,终于明白了~
作者: hughlv    时间: 2010-3-15 21:13
BF真是我的克星啊,错误率60%以上。感觉自己无法拉开选项之间的差异。。。
作者: mars0624    时间: 2010-7-29 06:42
够难的。
作者: mandylee116    时间: 2010-9-9 18:45
绕~啊~绕~啊~绕~~~~
作者: 澹泓幽客    时间: 2010-10-9 13:47
错选了B的看了好几个帖子过来,想问下各位NN,是不是说,这个发言里一共有三个观点,第一个是L和N相互独立,第二个是L完全借鉴了N,第三个是L所看到的N的研究并不是后来两个人都涉及的研究。
所以第一句话支持的是第二个观点
第二句支持的是第三个观点
而作者本人就是第三个观点。
作者: pennybehappy    时间: 2011-1-28 00:23
我不觉得两个however就负负得正了...我觉得作者的第三个观点只能说是反对第二个观点(the traditional view is false),但是与传统观点(N与L相互独立)没什么关系
作者: yinsiyubibi    时间: 2011-5-1 13:24
谢谢enrique1313,但是你的观点我不能同意哦~我的理解是这样的:
1.N发展了某个理论,L也发展了相似的理论,传统观点认为这两个理论是独立的。(这个传统观点正是作者反对的观点)
2.但最近的研究发现了L的笔记,这个笔记讨论了其中一本N写的该理论的书。
3.因为这本书(N写的书)包含了N的这个理论,而且因为这些笔记(L写的笔记)写于L的理论发表之前,所以传统的观点肯定是错的。
4.我们需要一个更为谨慎的结论。(但这个观点具体是什么,作者并没有直接正面给出)
5.因为L的笔记受限于N的书的早期章节,这些章节早于N的理论发表之前。
我当时错认为5就是4中的结论,不过后来细看时才发现,5是一个没有明显原因标志词引导的隐含原因。所以D的后半句我是认同的。
但D的前半句我理解其要表达的意思是:第一个黑体字提供了线索去支持作者否定的观点。但根据3可以很清楚的看到第一个黑体字是提供了线索反对传统观点,也就是支持作者想要肯定的观点啊~这个我就不明白了?是不是我理解错了呢?请NN们指正~
-- by 会员 joesnoopy (2009/6/1 21:50:00)




我跟你的想法是一样的吖!同求解啊!!!
作者: gigi68788    时间: 2011-8-19 16:24
http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=24&ID=390021&page=1
找到一个这题的讨论,但是题号不同,粘个连接方便大家以后查阅。根据这个帖子中的讨论,我把以上思路整理了一下,其实这题很绕~
1.N发展了某个理论,L也发展了相似的理论,传统观点认为这两个理论是独立的。
2.但是(注意:这是第一个however转折,最近的研究发现了L的笔记,这个笔记讨论了其中一本N写的该理论的书。
3.因为这本书(N写的书)包含了N的这个理论,而且因为这些笔记(L写的笔记)写于L的理论发表之前,所以传统的观点肯定是错的。
4.但是(注意:这是第二个however转折),我们需要一个更为谨慎的结论。两个转折相当于负负得正的效果,其实作者是支持传统观点的,但是认为传统观点不够严谨,这个在5中可以得到验证)(至于这个结论是什么,我认为作者并没有直接正面给出)
5.(因为)L的笔记受限于N的书的早期章节,这些章节早于N的理论发表之前。尽管L收到了N早期章节的影响,但是由于这些章节写成之时,N的理论并没有成型,所以不能认为L的理论完全依赖于N的理论,但也不能认为L的理论完全独立于N的理论,这也说明了传统观点不严谨,只是部分正确,即作者部分支持传统观点)(我认为这个不是作者的结论,因为传统的观点谈论的是L和N的理论,而这里谈论的是L的笔记和N的某个章节,这些只是论据)
这题绕就绕在第二个however所表达的作者的态度,真的很少见到这种辩论了一圈,又反过来支持最早提出的传统的观点~GMAT真是有够难的~
-- by 会员 joesnoopy (2009/6/1 22:46:00)



太谢谢您的解释了!表示非常赞同!
作者: pengfu    时间: 2012-8-24 16:22
这道题目真的太纠结了。。。不过真的分析得很好!
作者: sysyman    时间: 2012-11-13 23:23
这个作者好纠结,,,哈哈,不过看LZ说的就懂了,谢了
作者: emilyliuliu    时间: 2013-10-13 11:53
这么想会不会容易点:LN独立发明C— L有借鉴N— L借鉴的是在N发明C之前(换言之还是独立的)
作者: tanklance    时间: 2014-4-13 22:01
我觉得就是三个观点:
1. 牛顿和莱布尼茨的研究独立;
2. 反对观点1,认为两者的研究并不独立;
3. 作者提出了一个更为谨慎的,或者说是折中的,观点,就是牛顿和莱布尼茨的研究部分相关,部分独立。
所以,作者明确反对的其实是观点2,并没有明确反对观点1. 这一点从“ A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however.” 中的“this”一词就能看出来指代离这句话最近的观点2.


作者: wy215    时间: 2014-9-6 16:41
这道题真是够了!
作者: 成成儿    时间: 2015-1-10 17:04
我觉得choice C的说法是错误的。
C.        The first provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion【it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false】 that is drawn to provide support for the overall position【A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however】 that the historian defends; the second provides evidence against that intermediate conclusion【it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false】.
我的想法是:
各种代号:黑体1--A,结论1--B,黑体2---C,结论2---D。
原文的逻辑简化:A-->B; C-->D
choice C的意思是:A-->B-->D; C -|->B.
这不就矛盾了嘛~~
作者: Jez    时间: 2017-3-22 23:21
找到一个比较清楚的文章逐句分析, 自己整理了一下 和大家分享

- Historian: Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to modern calculus. - FACT1

- Leibniz developed closely analogous concepts and techniques. - FACT2

- It has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent. - It's not an intermediate conclusion. A conclusion needs to be supported by some reasoning. Which statement supports this? It is only traditional opinion.

- Researchers have,however, recently discovered notes of Leibniz’ that discuss one of Newton’s books on mathematics. - It's a discovery. So, it is a FACT.

- Several scholars have argued that since the book includes a presentation of Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques, and since the notes were written before Leibniz’ own development of calculus concepts and techniques, - Both the parts following "Since" are facts. They are presented as information or facts.

- It is virtually certain that the traditional view is false. -This is scholars' opinion and it's their conclusion, not Historian's

- A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however. - Historian opinion, main conclusion.

- Leibniz’ notes are limited to early sections of Newton’s book, sections that precede the ones in which Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques are presented. - Fact to support Historian's conclusion.



原文在 https://gmatclub.com/forum/historian-newton-developed-mathematical-concepts-and-100382-20.html







作者: cynthialo620    时间: 2018-4-18 20:14
lian2008 发表于 2009-9-29 23:47
以下是引用joesnoopy在2009/6/1 22:46:00的发言:http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=24&ID= ...

同意!               
作者: 琼恩snow    时间: 2019-4-29 18:25
顶 谢谢解答
作者: 典座    时间: 2020-5-28 12:24
Jez 发表于 2017-3-22 23:21
找到一个比较清楚的文章逐句分析, 自己整理了一下 和大家分享

- Historian: Newton developed mathemat ...

同意!               




欢迎光临 ChaseDream (https://forum.chasedream.com/) Powered by Discuz! X3.3