天山-7-34,35,36

Until recently, zoologists believed that
all species of phocids (true seals), a pinniped
family, use a different maternal
Line strategy than do otariids (fur seals and
(5) sea lions), another pinniped family. Mother
otariids use a foraging strategy. They
acquire moderate energy stores in the
form of blubber before arriving at breeding
sites and then fast for 5 to 11 days after
(10) birth. Throughout the rest of the lactation
(milk production) period, which lasts from
4 months to 3 years depending on the
species, mother otariids alternately forage
at sea, where they replenish their fat
(15) stores, and nurse their young at breeding
sites. Zoologists had assumed that
females of all phocid species, by contrast,
use a fasting strategy in which mother
phocids, having accumulated large energy
(20) stores before they arrive at breeding sites,
fast throughout the entire lactation period,
which lasts from 4 to 50 days depending on
the species. However, recent studies on
harbor seals, a phocid species, found that
(25) lactating females commenced foraging
approximately 6 days after giving birth and
on average made 7 foraging trips during
29
the remainder of their 24-day lactation
period.
(30) The maternal strategy evolved by
harbor seals may have to do with their
small size and the large proportion of their
fat stores depleted in lactation. Harbor
seals are small compared with other phocid
(35) species such as grey seals, northern elephant
seals, and hooded seals, all of which
are known to fast for the entire lactation
period. Studies show that mother seals of
these species use respectively 84 percent,
(40) 58 percent, and 33 percent of their fat
stores during lactation. By comparison,
harbor seals use 80 percent of their fat
stores in just the first 19 days of lactation,
even though they occasionally feed during
(45) this period. Since such a large proportion
of their fat stores is exhausted despite
feeding, mother harbor seals clearly cannot
support all of lactation using only energy
stored before giving birth. Though smaller
(50) than many other phocids, harbor seals are
similar in size to most otariids. In addition,
there is already some evidence suggesting
that the ringed seal, a phocid species that
is similar in size to the harbor seal, may
also use a maternal foraging strategy.

Q34:
The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. present evidence that several phocid species use the maternal fasting strategy
B. explain why the maternal strategy typically used by phocids is different from the
maternal strategy used by otariids
C. argue that zoologists’ current understanding of harbor seals’ maternal strategy is
incorrect
D. describe an unexpected behavior observed in harbor seals and propose an
explanation that may account for that behavior
E. describe evidence concerning the maternal strategy of the harbor seal and suggest
that the harbor seal belongs to the otariid rather than to the phocid family

MINE A

ANS D

Q35:
According to the passage, until recently zoologists believed which of the following about
all phocid mothers?
A. Their fasting periods after giving birth were typically shorter than those of otariids.
B. Their lactation periods were generally as long as those of comparably sized
otariids.
C. They acquired only moderate energy stores in the form of blubber before arriving
at breeding sites.
D. They depleted less than a third of their stored body fat during lactation.
E. The replenished their fat stores only after their lactation period ended.

MINE A

ANS E

Q36:
The author of the passage mentions ringed seals most probably in order to
A. provide an example of a phocid species that fasts throughout its entire lactation
period
B. provide an example of a phocid species whose maternal strategy is typical of
phocid species
C. provide an example of a phocid species that may deplete an even higher
proportion of its fat stores during lactation than harbor seals do
D. support the assertion that harbor seals are smaller than many other phocids
E. support the assertion that harbor seals’ maternal strategy may be related to their
small size

MINE B

ANS E

请指教

The article has two major points:

1. The recent finding, line 1 to line 29

2. The explanation to the finding, line 30 to the end(line 56)

So the two topics are well balanced, and thus in question 34, answer D is perferable to A.

According to line 1 to line 23 of the article, the major difference between the two type of animals is whether they feed during their lactation. This is why we choose E in regards of quesiton 35. The A in quesiton 35 kind of beats about the bush and thus is somehow away from the point. Besides, the respective fasting periods are 5 to 11 days and 4 to 50 days -- that is-- we cannot assert that one is longer/shorter than the other.

Regarding question 36, we cannot quickly rule out the option B as the example here is actually not a TYPICAL one. To support the conclusion the maternal strategy of such seal is related to the size of body, the author raises the example in which the similarly sized animal is mentioned and juxtaposes the two species of animals.

And, I suggest read the article comprehensively enough and try to grasp what the author WANTS to manifest. Just feel free to post any further concerns here. Wish this helps.

35题是ets狡猾的地方，狡猾就狡猾在这个until recently上了，如果说是before,traditional等等就比较明白是取非题了，

这个题目的答案在L23however, recent studies开始说的内容，取非就可了，

我原来也选了A但A不对因为原文并没有明确指出两者天数的比较，5-11和4-50我觉得也没法比

35题答案是文章第一句。

34题：文章讨论phocids在哺乳期间不出去捕食，但有一种harbor seal不同，他们体积小，有点像otariids。otariids在哺乳期间出去捕食。

36题。提到ringed seals是因为它们和harbor seal一样在哺乳期间出去捕食。文章提到她们体积小，有点像otariids，不能储存那么多脂肪。

36是这样的

文章说科学家本来以为otariids是forage，phoicds是fasting（什么意思？？？）
可是harbor seal虽然也是phoicds，他们是要foraging的

Mother otariids use a foraging strategy. They
acquire moderate energy stores in the
form of blubber before arriving at breeding
sites and then fast for 5 to 11 days after
birth. Throughout the rest of the lactation
(milk production) period, which lasts from
4 months to 3 years depending on the
species, mother otariids alternately forage
at sea, where they replenish their fat
stores, and nurse their young at breeding
sites. Zoologists had assumed that
females of all phocid species, by contrast,
use a fasting strategy in which mother
phocids, having accumulated large energy
stores before they arrive at breeding sites,
fast throughout the entire lactation period,
which lasts from 4 to 50 days depending on
the species. However, recent studies on
harbor seals, a phocid species, found that
lactating females commenced foraging
approximately 6 days after giving birth and
on average made 7 foraging trips during
the remainder of their 24-day lactation
period.

所以B根本就是错的

第一段：

P和O使用不同的生育脯乳方式

O使用觅物方式进行生育和脯乳。---foraging strategy

相反，P使用禁食方式进行生育和脯乳。---fasting strategy

一个例外：H.S虽然属于P，但是却使用O觅食方式。

第二段：

对HS的觅食方式进行解释：1，小的身体尺寸；2，脯乳期脂肪的大量消耗。

用RS举例说明身体大小决定了者中觅食的生育脯乳方式

34T: D. describe an unexpected behavior observed in harbor seals and propose an
explanation that may account for that behavior------P1,L23-29, however…; P2进行解释。

35T: E. The replenished their fat stores only after their lactation period ended.—---L21, fast throughout the entire lactation period.

36T: E. support the assertion that harbor seals’ maternal strategy may be related to their
small size

我觉得35选A：

xealoT说“

35 I think E is the best answer.

Until recently, zoologists believed that

all species of phocids (true seals), a pin-

niped family, use a different maternal

strategy than do otariids (fur seals and

sea lions), another pinniped family. Mother

otariids use a foraging strategy.  They

acquire moderate energy stores in the

form of blubber before arriving at breeding

sites and then fast for 5 to 11 days after

birth.  Throughout the rest of the lactation

(milk production) period, which lasts from

4 months to 3 years depending on the

species, mother otariids alternately for-

age at sea, where they replenish their fat

stores, and nurse their young at breed-

ing sites.  Zoologists had assumed that

females of all phocid species, by contrast,

use a fasting strategy in which mother

phocids, having accumulated large energy

stores before they arrive at breeding sites,

fast throughout the entire lactation period,

which lasts from 4 to 50 days depending on

the species.  However, recent studies on

harbor seals, a phocid species, found that

lactating females commenced foraging

approximately 6 days after giving birth and

on average made 7 foraging trips during

the remainder of their 24-day lactation period.

According to the passage, until recently zoologists believed which of the following about all phocid mothers?

A.  Their fasting periods after giving birth were typically shorter than those of otariids.

( the passage only talks about one kind of phocid species with the fast period, so it can not compare "Their fasting periods" with "those of otariids")

E.They replenished their fat stores only after their lactation period ended.

( see the highlights with blue)

我从你画蓝线的地方看不出选d的理由啊，反而越看越觉得E不对（你说a不对的理由我到同意

                        Until recently, zoologists believed that

all species of phocids (true seals), a pin-

nipped family, use a different maternal

Line                 strategy than do otariids (fur seals and

(5)                   sea lions), another pinniped family. Mother

otariids use a foraging strategy. They

acquire moderate energy stores in the

form of blubber before arriving at breeding

sites and then fast for 5 to 11 days after

(10)                  birth. Throughout the rest of the lactation

(milk production) period, which lasts from

4 months to 3 years depending on the

species, mother otariids alternately for-

age at sea, where they replenish their fat

(15)                  stores, and nurse their young at breed-

ing sites. Zoologists had assumed that

females of all phocids species, by contrast,

use a fasting strategy in which mother

phocids, having accumulated large energy

(20)                  stores before they arrive at breeding sites,

fast throughout the entire lactation period,

which lasts from 4 to 50 days depending on

the species. However, recent studies on

harbor seals, a phocids species, found that

(25)                  lactating females commenced foraging

approximately 6 days after giving birth and

on average made 7 foraging trips during

the remainder of their 24-day lactation

period.

蓝线部分是以前的观点，应该是e所说的，而红线部分，即however后，很清楚说明，在它长达24天的lacatation period，它要平均出去foraging7次啊，那不是去replenish了么？