GWD30-Q22(讨论,附详细逻辑图和对作者论证方法的疑问)

While acknowledging that

       there are greater employment

       opportunities for Latin Ameri-

Line       can women in cities than in the

  (5)      countryside, social science

theorists have continued to

argue that urban migration

has unequivocally hurt

women’s status.  However,

 (10)      the effects of migration are

more complex than these

theorists presume.  For

example, effects can vary

depending on women’s

 (15)      financial condition and social

class.  Brazilian women in the

lowest socioeconomic class

have relatively greater job

opportunities and job security

 (20)      in cities than do men of the

       same class, although there is

       no compelling evidence that

for these women the move to

the city is a move out of pov-

 (25)      erty.  Thus, these women

may improve their status in

relation to men but at the

same time may experience

no improvement in their

 (30)      economic standing.

      In addition, working out-

side the home, which is more

       common in urban than in rural

areas, helps women in the

 (35)
        lowest socioeconomic class

make contacts to extend

exchange networks—the flow

of gifts, loans, or child care

      from those who currently

 (40)     have access to resources

to those who do not.  More-

over, poor women working in

urban areas actively seek to

cultivate long-term employer-

 (45)      employee relations.  When

an emergency arises that

requires greater resources

than an exchange network

can provide, these women

 (50)      often appeal for and receive

aid from their wealthy employ-

ers.  However, the structure

of many poor women’s

work—often a labor force

 (55)      of one in an employer’s

home—makes it difficult for

them to organize to improve

their economic conditions in

general.

 (60)            Not surprisingly, then,

Latin American women in the

lowest socioeconomic class

differ in their opinions about

the effects of urban migration

 (65)      on their lives.  Some find

urban living, with access to

electricity and running water,

an improvement and would

never return to the country-

 (70)      side.  Others, disliking the

overcrowding and crime,

would return to the country-

side if there were work

opportunities for them there.

 (75)      Thus, urban life has had both

negative and positive impacts

on women’s lives.  In gen-

eral, urban migration has not

provided economic pros-

(80)         perity or upward mobility for

women in the lowest socio-

economic class, despite their

intelligent and energetic utili-

zation of the resources

available to them.

答案选C.我选了A.我知道A不是一个很好的答案,因为A是局部信息.但是为什么C是一个好的答案呢?C中best evaluated这个根本文章就没有提到呀!相比之下A至少信息是完全正确的.

首先，我觉得是主语的问题，文章的第一段就提出了主题句： However, the effects of migration are more complex than these theorists presume。所以该文章的主题应该是围绕effects进行的。所以在此题的五个选项中，我首先就排除A,B,E,了。在C.D中，D的意思明显不对。所以就C 了。至于你说的best evaluate，你不觉得整篇文章都是在evaluate吗？

open to discuss........

      While acknowledging that

       there are greater employment

       opportunities for Latin Ameri-

Line       can women in cities than in the

  (5)      countryside, social science

theorists have continued to

argue that urban migration

has unequivocally hurt

women’s status.  However,

 (10)      the effects of migration are

more complex than these

theorists presume.  For

example, effects can vary

depending on women’s

 (15)      financial condition and social

class.  Brazilian women in the

lowest socioeconomic class

have relatively greater job

opportunities and job security

 (20)      in cities than do men of the

       same class, although there is

       no compelling evidence that

for these women the move to

the city is a move out of pov-

 (25)      erty.  Thus, these women

may improve their status in

relation to men but at the

same time may experience

no improvement in their

 (30)      economic standing.

      In addition, working out-

side the home, which is more

       common in urban than in rural

areas, helps women in the

 (35)
                   lowest socioeconomic class

make contacts to extend

exchange networks—the flow

of gifts, loans, or child care

      from those who currently

 (40)     have access to resources

to those who do not.  More-

over, poor women working in

urban areas actively seek to

cultivate long-term employer-

 (45)      employee relations.  When

an emergency arises that

requires greater resources

than an exchange network

can provide, these women

 (50)      often appeal for and receive

aid from their wealthy employ-

ers.  However, the structure

of many poor women’s

work—often a labor force

 (55)      of one in an employer’s

home—makes it difficult for

them to organize to improve

their economic conditions in

general.

 (60)            Not surprisingly, then,

Latin American women in the

lowest socioeconomic class

differ in their opinions about

the effects of urban migration

 (65)      on their lives.  Some find

urban living, with access to

electricity and running water,

an improvement and would

never return to the country-

 (70)      side.  Others, disliking the

overcrowding and crime,

would return to the country-

side if there were work

opportunities for them there.

 (75)      Thus, urban life has had both

negative and positive impacts

on women’s lives.  In gen-

eral, urban migration has not

provided economic pros-

(80)         perity or upward mobility for

women in the lowest socio-

economic class, despite their

intelligent and energetic utili-

zation of the resources

available to them.

 你看一下我标记的地方，他们都在说明移居城市对妇女的正反影响，以及妇女们对城市生活的正反观点。

能说明有evaluate。

一下是我对文章逻辑思路的分析.

While (表示让步,这提示我们while后面的东西是支持作者的观点的) acknowledging that    there are greater employment   opportunities for Latin American women in cities than in the
            countryside, social science
            theorists have continued to
            argue that urban migration
            has unequivocally hurt
            women’s status. (提出将要反对的观点:urban migration损坏了女性的社会地位).However, the effects of migration are
            more complex than these
            theorists presume. (对social science theorists的观点做总的批评,表明自己的态度) For
            example,(举出反对urban migration损坏了女性的社会地位这个观点的反例) effects can vary
            depending on women’s
            financial condition and social
            class. Brazilian women in the
            lowest socioeconomic class
            have relatively greater job
            opportunities and job security
            in cities than do men of the       same class, although (让步,可见其后的内容是对作者的议论不利的) there is
            no compelling evidence that
            for these women the move to
            the city is a move out of poverty. (举例说在巴西城市最低收入的社会经济群体中女性比男性工作机会和工作安全都要好) Thus(可见这后面是对例子的总结), these women
            may improve their status in
            relation to men but at the
            same time may experience
            no improvement in their
            economic standing.(作者分论点一,urban migration可以提高lowest socioeconomic class的女性相对男性的地位,但是不能提高其经济地位.注意”但是”后面的内容是作者加上去的,前文没有论据支持)

In addition,(提出分论点二) working outside the home, which is more
            common in urban than in rural
            areas, helps women in the
            lowest socioeconomic class
            make contacts to extend
            exchange networks—the flow
            of gifts, loans, or child care
            from those who currently    have access to resources
            to those who do not.  (urban migration能够为lowest socioeconomic class的的女性扩展exchange networks).Moreover,(提出分论点三) poor women working in
            urban areas actively seek to
            cultivate long-term employer
            employee relations.(urban migration 能让lowest socioeconomic class的的女性培育长期的雇主雇员关系.后面几句是对这一点进行展开) When
            an emergency arises that
            requires greater resources
            than an exchange network
            can provide, these women
            often appeal for and receive
            aid from their wealthy employers. (解释为什么长期雇主雇员关系是有好处的) However, the structure
            of many poor women’s
            work—often a labor force
            of one in an employer’s
            home—makes it difficult for
            them to organize to improve
            their economic conditions in
            general.(再次说不能提高lowest socioeconomic class的女性的经济地位.)

 Not surprisingly, then,
            Latin American women in the
            lowest socioeconomic class
            differ in their opinions about
            the effects of urban migration
            on their lives. (用事实证明urban migration对lowest socioeconomic class的女性生活(估计这里应该认为等于地位)的影响是复杂的:连lowest socioeconomic class的女性自己的观点都很不统一).  Some find
            urban living, with access to
            electricity and running water,an improvement and would
            never return to the countryside.  Others, disliking the
            overcrowding and crime,
            would return to the countryside if there were work
            opportunities for them there. (对本段首句进行展开)      Thus, urban life has had both
            negative and positive impacts
            on women’s lives.  In general, urban migration has not
            provided economic prosperity or upward mobility for
            women in the lowest socioeconomic class, despite theirintelligent and energetic utilization of the resources
            available to them. (以上两句对全文进行总结,说urban migration的effect有好有坏,但是没有提高lowest socioeconomic class的女性的经济地位)

1. Although Latin American women disagree about the effects urban migration has had on their lives, they agree that migration has provided them with greater opportunities for stable employment outside the home. (该选项错在they agree上,文章没有提到女性的态度)
2. Although urban migration has improved the quality of life for Latin American women, it has weakened the social support systems that these women enjoyed in rural communities. (social support system没有提到)
3. The effects that urban migration has had on Latin American women’s lives are complex and are best evaluated in light of a range of issues concerning Latin American women’s overall quality of life. (这个best从何而来?evaluate这个我承认没有问题,但是后面的a range of issues concerning Latin American women’s overall quality of life指的是什么?overall quality of life文章也没有提到.文章一直在说对地位的effect很复杂但是却没有提高经济水平)
4. The effects of urban migration in Latin America are different for men than they are for women because of the relatively greater job opportunities and job security enjoyed by women in urban areas. (文章的中心不在何男性的比较上.和男性的比较只在第一段出现过)
5. Urban migration has led to an increasing disparity between the economic prosperity of Latin American women in the lowest socioeconomic classes and that of women in the higher socioeconomic classes.(文章没有提到women in the higher socioeconomic classes,所以和她们的比较也不在考虑范围之内)
6. Urban migration has led to an increasing disparity between the economic prosperity of Latin American women in the lowest socioeconomic classes and that of women in the higher socioeconomic classes.(文章没有提到women in the higher socioeconomic classes,所以和她们的比较也不在考虑范围之内)

对于文章本身结构感到疑惑的地方:

1.文章是要对urban migration损坏了女性的status这个观点提出置疑.在提出反对之后(作者认为其中很复杂),者立刻举例说造成effect不同的一个原因是women’s
            financial condition and social
            class.但是很奇怪的是为什么作者后面就一直在讨论women’s
                financial condition and social
                class中的一种(lowest socioeconomic class的女性)而不去讨论其他的financial condition and social
                    class的女性或者造成effect不同的其他原因了?难道作者的中心论点不是"urban migration对女性的status的影响很复杂"而是"urban migration对owest socioeconomic class的女性的status的影响很复杂?

2.文章的总论点是"urban migration对女性的status的影响很复杂".但是为什么从第二段其就不再谈status而开始说life(甚至连最后总结都是在说life)?作者是否认为status等于life?

60-65说明在经济最低层的妇女中，她们对city migration在她们的life中的作用会有不同的看法。

这里就很好的过渡了city migration至life。

最后作者77－82的总结也是针对migration，没有life的痕迹.

这么详细，花了不少功夫。顶一个。强。

错误! 不存在什么从migration过渡到life

文章的中心论点是 migration对status的影响很复杂. 但是后面去成了migration 对life的影响很复杂. 所以不存在migration过渡到life或者是只有migration 没有life或者status的一说. 作者议论的时候migration必须和life或者status之间的一者同时存在.

你这个疑问是什么意思？