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求助princeton一道逻辑模考题

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发表于 2003-9-20 11:44:00 | 显示全部楼层

求助princeton一道逻辑模考题

princeton第一套模考题中的逻辑:
The truely interesting question facing themselves advocates of space exploiration is whether we should explore space in order to further our understanding of space itself, or to discover practical application useful to us here on Earth. This question continues to compel, since, despite the fact that the definition of useful on Earth has become more far-reaching in recent years, utility alone may not justify the cost of space exploration.
Which one of the following statements can be must logically inferred from the statements above?
答案是:
The notion of what is useful on Earth is not necessarily constant.
但我觉得应该另外一个选项:
In oder to justify the cost of space exploration, we must show that space is worth understanding for its own sake.
因为题目已经说了如果仅仅从有用性上来看,开发太空的成本就是不合理的。因此如果要认为开发太空的成本是合理的,必须将开发太空这种行为理解为值得我们去探索太空本身。
而文中并没有说到utility 这个概念发生过什么变化啊,只是提到它已经越来越深入人心了。
请大侠们赐教


[此贴子已经被作者于2003-9-20 11:46:36编辑过]
发表于 2003-9-22 06:20:00 | 显示全部楼层
仔仔。你这题的错误在于对inference 的理解不清。inference let you say sth that the author said using indirectly way. 通常我们只对文章中的句子进行同义词转换或句型转换局可以了。
despite the fact that the (definition) of useful on Earth has become more (far-reaching in recent years)==〉The (notion) of what is useful on Earth (is not necessarily constant)
但再进一步的推出就是结论而不是暗示。
In oder to justify the cost of space exploration, we must show that space is worth understanding for its own sake可以是一种结论。
we think we should cancel space exploiration because its huge cost.可以是另一种结论。
当然你也可以得出更多的结论。

hope that is helpful.
 楼主| 发表于 2003-9-22 10:58:00 | 显示全部楼层
哦,这么回事我好像琢磨出点意思来了
发表于 2003-9-25 02:25:00 | 显示全部楼层
以下是引用fyhllj在2003-9-22 6:20:00的发言:
仔仔。你这题的错误在于对inference 的理解不清。inference let you say sth that the author said using indirectly way. 通常我们只对文章中的句子进行同义词转换或句型转换局可以了。
despite the fact that the (definition) of useful on Earth has become more (far-reaching in recent years)==〉The (notion) of what is useful on Earth (is not necessarily constant)
但再进一步的推出就是结论而不是暗示。
In oder to justify the cost of space exploration, we must show that space is worth understanding for its own sake可以是一种结论。
we think we should cancel space exploiration because its huge cost.可以是另一种结论。
当然你也可以得出更多的结论。

hope that is helpful.



I disagree. According to M-W dictionary, "infer" means "to derive as a conclusion from facts or premises"

How could you conclude "In oder to justify the cost of space exploration, we must show that space is worth understanding for its own sake." from the argument.
发表于 2003-9-25 03:33:00 | 显示全部楼层

大家看一眼这道题-->蓝夕叶子转移

以下是引用edy_25在2003-9-25 2:25:00的发言:

I disagree. According to M-W dictionary, "infer" means "to derive as a conclusion from facts or premises"

How could you conclude "In oder to justify the cost of space exploration, we must show that space is worth understanding for its own sake." from the argument.



inference noun [C] formal
a fact that you decide is true because of the information that you have

我们暂不要讨论谁的定义更正确。我认为我们应根据ets的思路来做题。
根据ets,inference never be a a conclusion from facts or premises"

发表于 2003-9-25 10:48:00 | 显示全部楼层
以下是引用仔仔在2003-9-20 11:44:00的发言:
因为题目已经说了如果仅仅从有用性上来看,开发太空的成本就是不合理的。因此如果要认为开发太空的成本是合理的,必须将开发太空这种行为理解为值得我们去探索太空本身。

呵呵,你不觉得你这个推理本身就有逻辑问题吗?A->B, 推出的只能是-B->-A.就是说“要认为开发太空的成本是合理的就不能仅仅从有用性上来看”。 所以不能说“开发太空的成本是合理的”是因为“太空值得理解”。也可能是因为全球科技竞争等其他原因导致的。


[此贴子已经被作者于2003-9-25 10:48:00编辑过]
 楼主| 发表于 2003-9-25 11:34:00 | 显示全部楼层
哈哈,miejue 真是大牛啊,一语惊醒梦中人。
但是这么想好像还是难以推出“对地球有用的想法并非一定是持续不变的” 这个选项啊





[此贴子已经被作者于2003-9-25 11:37:33编辑过]
发表于 2003-9-25 12:35:00 | 显示全部楼层
另外一个思路是:
要找的是必要条件,如果对答案取反,原文的论点一定不成立。仔仔可以试试看。
另外,你选的另外的选项是引申,而不是从原文可以推出的结论。
发表于 2003-9-25 13:23:00 | 显示全部楼层
两点需要注意:

1、推论题必须绝对严格按照原文的文字内容;不能有任何超过原文的假设和附加条件;推论题的答案可以来源于原文的任何一个地方;或者是对其中一句话的改写、对比、取逆反、类比、归纳,计算等等,甚至可能是原文命题中的一个假设;
2、结论题(conclusion)是推论的一种,是针对文章整体的推论,一般出现在段落开始或结尾部分。既然结论是推论的一种特殊情况,在一道推论题中,结论和推论不可能同时出现在选项;换言之,如果出现任何一个,肯定是答案;但在结论题中,两类选项可能同时出现,这时通过整体和局部的判断不难得出结论。

本文是一个局部改写推论题,从:
the definition of useful on Earth has become more far-reaching in recent years;
直接可以推出答案:
The notion of what is useful on Earth is not necessarily constant;

对于另外一个选项:
In oder to justify the cost of space exploration, we must show that space is worth understanding for its own sake.
原文中仅仅提到 “要认为开发太空的成本是合理的就不能仅仅从有用性上来看”,但一点都没有提到任何除此之外哪些因素可以用来判断这种外空探索的价值。这个选项中存在一个主观加入的条件。

个人意见!











[此贴子已经被作者于2003-9-25 14:09:00编辑过]
 楼主| 发表于 2003-9-25 17:28:00 | 显示全部楼层
我开始把文中第一句话
The truely interesting question facing themselves advocates of space exploiration is whether we should explore space in order to further our understanding of space itself, or to discover practical application useful to us here on Earth.

理解成开发太空只能有“理解太空本身”和“开发对地球有用的实践”这两种理由了,看来是加入了主观的限制条件
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