什么是“夹心”：所谓“夹心”，既可以作为定语修饰主语，又可以作为状语修饰后面的谓语）很多时候的“夹心”是指在主语和谓语之间加入分词修饰。

这种情况有时候容易被忽略。

下面是我挑出来的几个例子，大家留意一下

GWD-1-Q29:

Faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places have been cited by a new study of the 2000 United States presidential election, which estimated that they did not count 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast.

1. Faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places have been cited by a new study of the 2000 United States presidential election, which estimated that they did not count 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast.

2. Citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, a new study of the 2000 United States presidential election has estimated that 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast were not counted.

3. Citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast were not counted in the 2000 United States presidential election, a new study estimates.

4. A new study has cited faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places in estimating that 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes that were cast had not been counted in the 2000 United States presidential election.

5. A new study of the 2000 United States presidential election, citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, has estimated 4 million to 6 million votes had not been counted of the 100 million votes cast.

A、没有根据的被动语态；代词they没有指代对象；

B is the best，原来一直以为confusing后面都是修饰faulty voting equipment的表明如何faulty，所以总觉得B很有问题，今天看了http://longdarkteatime.com/2004/09/presidential-election-or-presidential.html的分析，终于搞清楚，faulty voting equipment、confusing ballots、voter error、problem at polling places都是并列的原因，前面两项各估计有1.5~2Million，加起来有4～6 million

C、分词逻辑主语与句子主语不一致；

D、过去完成时没有根据

E、had not been counted过去完成时没有根据；分词位置有歧义（所谓“夹心”，既可以作为定语修饰主语，又可以作为状语修饰后面的谓语）；estimated 后面少that

很多时候的“夹心”是指在主语和谓语之间加入分词修饰。

GWD-12-Q20:

Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established the Library of Congress.

A.        Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established

B.        The act of Congress, which was approved April 24, 1800, making provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established

C.        The act of Congress approved April 24, 1800, which made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., and established

D.       Approved April 24, 1800, making provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., the act of Congress also established

E.        Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also establishing

A is the best

B，making修饰对象不清，夹心饼干

C，which离修饰对象较远，and 连接established后，与made成为which的部分，整个主句缺乏谓语

D，making修饰对象不清，这种表达方式很笨拙

E，establishing表伴随动作或伴随结果，在此不合适（？）

E选项改变了句子意思表达的重心。

GWD30-Q17:

By the same techniques used for genetically enhancing plants, making them disease- or pest-resistant, researchers have been able to increase the amount of protein in potatoes, sweet potatoes, and tobacco.

1. By the same techniques used for genetically enhancing plants, making them
2. With the same techniques to genetically enhance plants, so that they are
3. Employing the same techniques used to genetically enhance plants so that they are
4. Employing the same techniques to genetically enhance plants, which makes them
5. Employing the same techniques for genetically enhancing plants that make them

答案有争议。A不对

大全162,Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives, capitalized on her keen observation and love of the natural world.

(A) Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives,

(B) In her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives, Beatrix Potter

(C) In her book illustrations, which she carefully coordinated with her narratives, Beatrix Potter

(D) Carefully coordinated with her narratives, Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations（C）

(E) Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinated them with her narratives and

楼主好厉害阿，

up!!

 高手啊

prep test2

32.   (26170-!-item-!-188;#058&003042)

The Chicago and Calumet
            Rivers originally flowed into the St. Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan, but having been redirected by constructing canals so that the water now empties into the Mississippi by way of the Illinois River.

(A) Rivers originally flowed into the St. Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan, but having been redirected by constructing

(B) Rivers had originally flowed into the St. Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan, but they have been redirected by constructing

(C) Rivers, which originally flowed into the St. Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan but have been redirected by the construction of

(D) Rivers, originally flowing into the St. Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan, but having been redirected by the construction of

(E) Rivers, originally flowing into the St. Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan, have been redirected through the construction of(E)

这里算不算夹心呢？

这里算不算夹心呢？

大全162,Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives, capitalized on her keen observation and love of the natural world.

(A) Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives,

(B) In her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives, Beatrix Potter

(C) In her book illustrations, which she carefully coordinated with her narratives, Beatrix Potter

(D) Carefully coordinated with her narratives, Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations（C）

(E) Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinated them with her narratives and

帮楼主贴上这题的解释：

This sentence awkwardly presents two phrases intended to modify Beatrix Potter and loses the clarity and logic of the meaning. In the original sentence, these modifiers sound choppy and create too much separation between the subject, Beatrix Potter, and the verb capitalized Beginning the sentence with in her book illustrations and following that phrase with the relative clause which she carefully coordinated with her narratives allows the subject, Beatrix Potter, to be united with the verb, capitalized, for a stronger main clause.

A     The modifying elements are poorly placed and leave the subject too far from the verb

B     Phrase carefully coordinating ... illogically modifies the noun that immediately precedes it (book illustrations);
            Potter, not the illustrations, did the coordinating; awkward and unclear

C     Correct. The correct placement of the modifying elements makes this sentence easier to understand; the use of which clearly links the two elements.

D    Carefully coordinated ... absurdly modifies Beatrix Potter rather than her illustrations

E     Them cannot refer to book illustrations because the plural noun is the object of the preposition in; the relationships among the parts of the sentence are unclear

The correct answer is C.