讨论帖没有的ＧＷＤ２１－７

Q7 to Q9:

      Seventeenth-century

       philosopher John Locke

       stated that as much as

Line       99 percent of the value of

  (5)      any useful product can be

attributed to “the effects of

labor.”  For Locke’s intellec-

tual heirs it was only a short

step to the “labor theory of

(10)      value,” whose formulators

held that 100 percent of the

value of any product is gen-

erated by labor (the human

work needed to produce

(15)      goods) and that therefore the

employer who appropriates

any part of the product’s

value as profit is practicing

theft.

(20)            Although human effort is

       required to produce goods

       for the consumer market,

effort is also invested in

making capital goods (tools,

(25)      machines, etc.), which are

used to facilitate the produc-

tion of consumer goods.  In

modern economies about

one-third of the total output of

(30)      consumer goods is attribut-

able to the use of capital

goods.  Approximately two-

       thirds of the income derived

from this total output is paid

(35)    out to workers as wages and

salaries, the remaining third

serving as compensation

to the owners of the capital

      goods.  Moreover, part

(40)     of this remaining third is

received by workers who

are shareholders, pension

beneficiaries, and the like.

The labor theory of value

(45)      systematically disregards

the productive contribution of

capital goods—a failing for

which Locke must bear part

of the blame.

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Q7:

According to the author of the passage, which of the following is true of the distribution of the income derived from the total output of consumer goods in a modern economy?

ＵＰ

文章中作者其实表达的中心思想就是Locke的理论夸大了人力资源对于产出的贡献。

所以作者认为正确的理论一定是要削弱人力资源的成本。所以A是跟文章中的作者认为的错误观点一直，当然是错的。