GWD 8的阅读--专利

Q7 to Q10:
The system of patentgranting,
which confers
temporary monopolies for
Line the exploitation of new tech-
(5) nologies, was originally
established as an incentive
to the pursuit of risky new
ideas. Yet studies of the
most patent-conscious
(10) business of all—the semiconductor
industry—suggest
that firms do not necessarily
become more innovative as
they increase their patenting
(15) activity. Ziedonis and Hall,
for example, found that
investment in research and
development (a reasonable
proxy for innovation) did
(20) not substantially increase
between 1982 and 1992,
the industry’s most feverish
period of patenting. Instead,
semiconductor firms simply
(25) squeezed more patents out
of existing research and
development expenditures.
Moreover, Ziedonis and
Hall found that as patenting
(30) activity at semiconductor
firms increased in the
7
1980’s, the consensus
among industry employees
was that the average quality
(35) of their firms’ patents
declined. Though patent
quality is a difficult notion
to measure, the number of
times a patent is cited in
(40) the technical literature is
a reasonable yardstick, and
citations per semiconductor
patent did decline during
the 1980’s. This decline in
(45) quality may be related to
changes in the way semiconductor
firms managed
their patenting process:
rather than patenting to win
(50) exclusive rights to a valuable
new technology, patents
were filed more for strategic
purposes, to be used as
bargaining chips to ward
(55) off infringement suites or
as a means to block
competitors’ products.

The passage makes which of the following claims about patent quality in the semiconductor industry?

A. It was higher in the early 1980’s than it was a decade later.

B. It is largely independent of the number of patents granted.

C. It changed between 1982 and 1992 in ways that were linked to changes in research and development expenditures.

D. It is not adequately discussed in the industry’s technical literature.

E. It was measured by inappropriate means during the period from 1982 to 1992.

我选择B, 为啥不对啊，选择A怎么会知道decade 的？

The system of patentgranting,
which confers                                                 介绍一系统
temporary monopolies for
the exploitation of new tech-
(5) nologies, was originally
established as an incentive
to the pursuit of risky new
ideas. Yet studies of the
most patent-conscious                                   调查发现patent不重要了
(10) business of all—the semiconductor
industry—suggest
that firms do not necessarily
become more innovative as
they increase their patenting
(15) activity. Ziedonis and Hall,
for example, found that                                      举例
investment in research and
development (a reasonable
proxy for innovation) did
(20) not substantially increase between 1982 and 1992,       (数量减少)
the industry’s most feverish                  
period of patenting. Instead,
semiconductor firms simply
(25) squeezed more patents out
of existing research and
development expenditures.
Moreover, Ziedonis and
Hall found that as patenting
(30) activity at semiconductor
firms increased in the
1980’s, the consensus
among industry employees was that the average quality      (质量降低)
(35) of their firms’ patents
declined. Though patent
quality is a difficult notion
to measure, the number of                            质量虽难计,用使用率可衡量
times a patent is cited in
(40) the technical literature is
a reasonable yardstick, and
citations per semiconductor patent did decline during     使用率降低了
the 1980’s. This decline in
(45) quality may be related to                        阐述原因
changes in the way semiconductor            …patents成为战略目的
firms managed                                    避免侵害的筹码和竞争的手段
their patenting process:
rather than patenting to win
(50) exclusive rights to a valuable
new technology, patents
were filed more for strategic
purposes, to be used as
bargaining chips to ward
(55) off infringement suites or
as a means to block
competitors’ products.

问文章关于专利的质量 .明显decline during the 1980’s

B说,专利的质量独立于所授专利的数目,文中没有提到(没提到的不能选).文中只说专利的质量可由使用率衡量.

有一点疑问:选项是说'It was higher in the early 1980’s than it was a decade later.'

我们能从文中得知82-92年质量较以前下降了,但A选项是说80年代初的质量比十年后的质量高 (1).首先,'in the early 1980'是个太模糊的概念,我们不知道它只是refers to 82年以前还是80-85年都算in the early 1980,如果包含82年及以后,那么A就和文章就矛盾了,因为文章的意思是从82年开始就已经decline了,但是我们不能给出题的作者定义80年代初的概念.....事实上,讲到专利质量下降的时候,文章并没有提是不是和前面的'82-92'是同一个时期,只是讲1980's)

(2)那儿'a decade later'就问题,a decade later至少要包含10年的期限吧,这么说,就是说泛指90年及以后,可是,文章并没有说90年代后专利的质量一直都保持很差的水平啊

除非作者对A选项两个时间的定义是这样1)in the early 1980’s --->80&81年;(2)a decade later--->仅仅局限于91&92年.

作者是不是真是这么想的呢

不好意思,最近AA写多了

跟bird想得一样，做的时候我也这么考虑的所以就没选A

赞同bird，且认为E对，原因如下：

Though patent                          此处虽然让步，但确实difficult to measure

quality is a difficult notion

to measure, the number of

times a patent is cited in

(40) the technical literature is

a reasonable yardstick, and

citations per semiconductor

patent did decline during

the 1980’ s

再结合10题：

Which of the following, if true, would most clearly serve to weaken the author’ s claim about what constitutes a reasonable yardstick for measuring patent quality?

E. Low-quality patents tend to be discussed in the technical literature as frequently

as high-quality patents.

现在我国学术期刊上的很多文章不都是这样阿！

请问答案为什么不是D？这是作者明确提出的一个CLAIM啊。A错，因为除了时间上的原因外，QUALITY DECLINE的结论是CONSENSUS得出的结论，而非作者本人的结论（也不是声明）。

同意D

I believe C is right because of what legendbird said.

为什么不选B?