[求助]gwd-9-10,斑竹门进来看看吧，等到花儿都谢了

GWD-9-Q9 to GWD-9-Q11:

Among the myths taken as

fact by the environmental managers

of most corporations is the

Line   belief that environmental regula-

(5)    tions affect all competitors in

a given industry uniformly. In

reality, regulatory costs—and

therefore compliance—fall

unevenly, economically disad-

(10)   vantaging some companies and

benefiting others. For example,

a plant situated near a number

of larger noncompliant competitors

is less likely to attract the

(15)   attention of local regulators than

is an isolated plant, and less

attention means lower costs.

Additionally, large plants can

spread compliance costs such

(20)   as waste treatment across a

larger revenue base; on the other

hand, some smaller plants may

not even be subject to certain

provisions such as permit or

(25)   reporting requirements by virtue

of their size. Finally, older production

technologies often

continue to generate toxic wastes

that were not regulated when the

(30 )  technology was first adopted.

New regulations have imposed

extensive compliance costs on

companies still using older

industrial coal-fired burners that

(35)   generate high sulfur dioxide and

nitrogen oxide outputs, for

example, whereas new facilities

generally avoid processes that

would create such waste pro-

(40)   ducts. By realizing that they

have discretion and that not all

industries are affected equally

by environmental regulation,

environmental managers can

(45)   help their companies to achieve

a competitive edge by anticipating

regulatory pressure and

exploring all possibilities for

addressing how changing regula-

(50)   tions will affect their companies

specifically.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GWD-9-Q10:

According to the passage, which of the following statements about sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide outputs is true?

A. Older production technologies cannot be adapted so as to reduce production of these outputs as waste products.

B. Under the most recent environmental regulations, industrial plants are no longer permitted to produce these outputs.

C. Although these outputs are environmentally hazardous, some plants still generate them as waste products despite the high compliance costs they impose.

D. Many older plants have developed innovative technological processes that reduce the amounts of these outputs generated as waste products.

E. Since the production processes that generate these outputs are less costly than alternative processes, these less expensive processes are sometimes adopted despite their acknowledged environmental hazards.

根据红色部分，我选了B, 答案是A,现在仍不理解，请大家帮助讲解一下

imposed extensive compliance costs和no longer permitted to produce可不是一码事啊。不仅意思不同，而且相反啊。

小心！ETS总是暗藏杀机啊。

不过，我觉得A在文章中无，而C是楼主VV所引句子的改写，应该C是答案啊。拿不准，请大家讨论吧。

这是一个强对比取非题

New regulations have imposed extensive compliance costs on companies still using older industrial coal-fired burners that generate high sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide outputs, for example, whereas new facilities generally avoid processes that would create such waste products.

将转折后的内容取非就是A

而且和文章的主题相关

wayne，我是这样想的，文章说regulatory cost fall unevenly, 然后举了三种情况，第三种情况就是这里的因为技术而产生的不公平，在排放物并未受到管制，老技术被采用；新规范开始对排放物进行管制，同时就有了新技术可以避免这种排放物。这里就因为技术的采用而产生了不公平，使用老技术的企业当然compliance cost会比较高。

那么如果在现行规范下，老技术可以减少这些废弃物的话（对A取非），那不公平从何产生呢？

而C我觉得和这段的论证没什么关系，而且C的表述我总觉得很奇怪，为什么说是这些废弃物impose high compliance costs, 应该是new regulation impose才对啊

我认为这是一个基本事实题，According to the passage, which of the following statements about ... is true?这种提问方式一般要从文中找出内容并进行改写。而sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide outputs也给出了定位。

将whereas new facilities generally avoid processes that would create such waste products对比取非，得到的是老办法可能不能彻底避免生产废物，这预示两种可能： 一是如选项A所示老办法不能通过改造来减少废物，另一是老办法可能通过改造来减少废物但不能彻底根治。所以，我不认为文中内容与答案A存在强对比取非关系。

我同意mage对文章架构及对第三种情况的分析。但任何问题都会和主题有点关系，我们不能因为这一点而过分重视主题。在做这道题的时候考虑要表达文章的主题的做法，我认为，是有问题的。

不同意，A只是一种可能正确的表述，但文章中并未确认，或者说文章中无。这在OG的解释中也经常是被确认为一种常见错误形式。

我认为，答案C. Although these outputs are environmentally hazardous, some plants still generate them as waste products despite the high compliance costs they impose.正是New regulations have imposed extensive compliance costs on companies still using older industrial coal-fired burners that generate high sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide outputs, for example, whereas new facilities generally avoid processes that would create such waste products.的对应改写。而究竟是谁impose的问题，我认为一方是工厂产生的污染，一方是新规定，这两者共同作用而产生了high compliance costs 。

综上，我还认为C对。当然，可能有待进一步讨论。所以我不愿意来分析GWD的文章，说来说去，大家还是没有得到最终的十全十美的看法。不过也许这就是ETS出题的特点吧。

也许，我还没有明白mage的意思，请进一步明示。

谢谢两位nn的深入讲解。 我原来之所以选b,是因为没有理解一个词的意思compromising cost,想在理解了，我选c.

我虽不能像wangyu斑竹讲得那么透彻，但是我自己的方法和预感与他所讲的以下两点一致：

1。

我认为这是一个基本事实题，According to the passage, which of the following statements about ... is true?这种提问方式一般要从文中找出内容并进行改写。而sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide outputs也给出了定位。

2。

将whereas new facilities generally avoid processes that would create such waste products对比取非，得到的是老办法可能不能彻底避免生产废物，这预示两种可能： 一是如选项A所示老办法不能通过改造来减少废物，另一是老办法可能通过改造来减少废物但不能彻底根治。所以，我不认为文中内容与答案A存在强对比取非关系。

vv, 偶们都是承蒙nns的阳光雨露雨露成长的小草

wangyu分析的有理有据，我已经开始动摇了，也动摇了我刚刚建立的一点作阅读的感觉，似乎我有一点过度思考。前两天刚看了小安的阅读法，他提到做细节题时用相关/不相关、一致/不一致迅速排除，不用回文章定位。我用他的方法作og得到了验证，细节题总能快速找到答案，以为取得了真经，不料还是误入教条

不知斑竹能否结合og帮我理清一下思路？